Opal-rumped tanager

Opal-rumped tanager
T. v. iridina, Ecuador
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thraupidae
Genus:	Tangara
Species:	T. velia
Binomial name
Tangara velia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Motacilla VeliaLinnaeus, 1758

The opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest of South America. The population of the Atlantic Forest has a far paler chest than the other populations, and has often been considered a separate species as the silvery-breasted tanager (Tangara cyanomelas). Today most authorities treat it as a subspecies of the opal-rumped tanager.

Silvery-breasted tanager (Tangara velia cyanomelas)

Taxonomy

In 1743 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration and a description of the opal-rumped tanager in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "Red-belly'd Blue-bird" ". Edwards based his hand-coloured etching on a specimen owned by the Duke of Richmond that had been collected in Suriname. ^[2] When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the opal-rumped tanager with the wagtails in the genus Motacilla . Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Motacilla velia and cited Edwards' work. ^[3] Linnaeus provided no explanation for the specific epithet; it is perhaps a misprint for the Ancient Greek elea, a small bird mentioned by Aristotle. ^[4] The bay-headed tanager is now placed in the genus Tangara that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. ^{[5] [6]} The type locality is Suriname. ^[7]

Four subspecies are recognised: ^[6]

• T. v. velia (Linnaeus, 1758) – the Guianas and north Brazil
• T. v. iridina (Hartlaub, 1841) – west Amazonia
• T. v. signata (Hellmayr, 1905) – northeast Brazil
• T. v. cyanomelas (Wied-Neuwied, 1830) – east Brazil

References

1. BirdLife International (2017). "Tangara velia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22722953A119558614. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22722953A119558614.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
2. Edwards, George (1743). A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. Vol. Part 1. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 22, Plate 22.
3. Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 188.
4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 399. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
5. Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1 p. 36 and Vol. 3 p. 3.
6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
7. Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 386.

• Assis, Seixas, Raposo, & Kirwan (2008). Taxonomic status of Tangara cyanomelaena (Wied, 1830), an east Brazilian atlantic forest endemic. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 16(3): 232–239.