Packera franciscana

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Packera franciscana
Packera franciscana.jpg
Status TNC G1.svg
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Packera
Species:
P. franciscana
Binomial name
Packera franciscana
Synonyms

Senecio franciscanus

Packera franciscana (syn. Senecio franciscanus) is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name San Francisco Peaks groundsel, or San Francisco Peaks ragwort. It is endemic to Arizona in the United States, where it is known only from the San Francisco Peaks in Coconino County. [1] [2] It is threatened by recreational activities in its habitat. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

Contents

Description

Packera franciscana is a small rhizomatous perennial herb growing just a few centimeters tall. The purple or purple-tinged stems have woolly or cobwebby fibers. The basal leaves have lyre-shaped to somewhat oval blades measuring up to 2 centimeters long by 5 wide. They have ruffled edges and purple undersides. [1] Leaves higher on the stems are smaller and sometimes divided into lobes.

The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or a few heads clustered together atop the woolly stem. The flower head is enclosed in hairy purple phyllaries and contains 8 or 13 yellow ray florets up to a centimeter long. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus half a centimeter in length. Blooming occurs in August through October. [3]

The plant reproduces sexually via seed, but more often vegetatively by resprouting from its rhizome. [1] Most plants occur in wide patches made up of several cloned stems, but some are solitary, having sprouted from seed. [4]

Distribution

Packera franciscana grows on two of Arizona's San Francisco Peaks, Humphreys Peak and Agassiz Peak, and the saddle between them. [2] These are the two tallest mountain peaks in Arizona. [5] [6] It grows in alpine tundra habitat in the volcanic talus of the mountain slopes, an area with little vegetation located above the tree line. [1] [2] [3] This is the only alpine zone in Arizona. [1] [4] The elevation is between 3200 and 3800 meters, with most of the plants occurring between 3525 and 3605 meters. [7]

The plant is apparently adapted to a fellfield habitat made up of unstable talus, as evidenced by its long rhizome and adventitious roots which may not be anchored to any stable surface. As rocks tumble, the root may break, and pieces of the root can generate new plants through cloning. [7] Despite its being limited to a small area, the plant is common locally. [2]

Habitat threats

Threats to this species include recreational activities such as mountaineering, hiking, and skiing. Expansion of the Arizona Snowbowl was likely to disturb the habitat, but construction was put on hold after a legal challenge. Conservation efforts have included the installation of trails away from spots where the plants are growing and the closing of alpine habitat to recreation except by permit. [4] This mountaintop-dwelling plant may suffer during climate change, because it cannot move to higher or colder habitat as warming occurs. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Packera</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

Packera is a genus of about 64 species of plants in the composite family, Asteraceae. Its members were previously included in the genus Senecio, but were divided out based on chromosome numbers, a variety of morphological characters, and molecular phylogeny.

<i>Hulsea algida</i> Species of flowering plant

Hulsea algida is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family, known by the common name Pacific hulsea or alpine gold.

<i>Lessingia germanorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Lessingia germanorum is a rare species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name San Francisco lessingia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from four populations in the Presidio of San Francisco and one occurrence on San Bruno Mountain south of San Francisco. It is a state and federally listed endangered species. The already rare plant is endangered by many processes, including invasive species, development, sand mining, off-road vehicles and bulldozers, habitat fragmentation, trampling, and pollution, as well as stochastic events.

Packera bernardina is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name San Bernardino ragwort.

<i>Packera bolanderi</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera bolanderi is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Bolander's ragwort and seacoast ragwort. It is native to the west coast of the United States from Washington to northern California, where it grows in wet coastal forests and woodlands. There are two varieties of the species which differ slightly in morphology and habitat occupied; these varieties have been considered separate species by some authors. The var. bolanderi has thicker leaves, occurs farther south, and occupies more open types of habitat, than does var. harfordii. This plant in general is a perennial herb producing one to three stems up to half a meter tall. The basal leaves have blades up to 12 centimeters long which are divided into several lobes and borne on long, thin petioles. Leaves growing farther up the stem are smaller and have more lobes on their blades. The inflorescence contains several flower heads, each lined with dark green phyllaries. The head contains many golden yellow disc florets and generally either 8 or 13 yellow ray florets each over a centimeter long. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus of bristles.

<i>Packera cana</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera cana is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name woolly groundsel. It is native to western and central North America, where it can be found in a wide array of habitat types at all elevations from grassland to the alpine climates of mountain peaks.

Packera ganderi is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Gander's ragwort. It is endemic to southern California, where it is known from a few occurrences in San Diego and Riverside Counties.

<i>Packera greenei</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera greenei is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name flame ragwort. It is endemic to northern California, where it is known from the North Coast Ranges and southern Klamath Mountains. It is a resident of dry mountain scrub habitat, often on serpentine soils.

Packera indecora is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names elegant groundsel and rayless mountain ragwort. It is native to northern North America including most of Canada and sections of the northernmost United States. It grows in moist mountain habitat, such as streamsides and meadows.

Packera ionophylla is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Tehachapi ragwort. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Tehachapi Mountains, the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains, and Alamo Mountain near the Grapevine. It grows in mountain forest habitat.

<i>Packera layneae</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera layneae, known by the common name Layne's ragwort and Layne's butterweed, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family.

<i>Senecio pattersonensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio pattersonensis is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Mono ragwort. and Mount Patterson senecio.

<i>Packera werneriifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera werneriifolia, known by the common names alpine rock butterweed and hoary groundsel, is a species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is native to the western United States in the Sierra Nevada mountain habitat in subalpine and alpine climates, including forests and barren talus.

Silene suksdorfii is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names Suksdorf's silene, Suksdorf's catchfly and Cascade alpine campion. It is native to the Pacific Northwest of the United States, where it occurs from Washington and Idaho to northern California. It is mainly an alpine species, growing in the talus of high mountain slopes. It can also be found below the tree line in forested subalpine habitat. It is a squat perennial herb producing several erect stems from a leafy, woody caudex. It generally takes a clumpy form. The stems grow up to 10 or 15 centimeters tall and are hairy in texture, with glandular, sticky areas on the upper parts. The leaves occur in tufts around the caudex. They are fleshy and coated in soft hairs. Solitary flowers arise on erect peduncles. Each is encapsulated in an inflated calyx of fused sepals, which is starkly purple-veined and has purplish glandular hairs. The petals are white or purple-tinged and have two lobes at their tips and appendages at their bases.

<i>Asclepias welshii</i> Species of plant

Asclepias welshii is a rare species of milkweed known by the common name Welsh's milkweed. It is native to southern Utah and northern Arizona, where there are four known occurrences remaining. Most of the plants occur in Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, where the habitat has been degraded in many areas by off-road vehicle use. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

<i>Solidago spithamaea</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago spithamaea is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Blue Ridge goldenrod. It is native to a very small region around the border between North Carolina and Tennessee in the United States. Its three remaining populations are threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

<i>Astragalus montii</i> Species of legume

Astragalus montii is a rare species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name heliotrope milkvetch. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where there are only three known populations. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States. This species is often treated as a variety of Astragalus limnocharis.

Packera castoreus is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Beaver Mountain groundsel and Beaver Mountain ragwort. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it occurs only in the Tushar Mountains.

<i>Packera malmstenii</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera malmstenii is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Podunk ragwort. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where there about 19 occurrences in the southwestern part of the state.

<i>Packera musiniensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera musiniensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Musinea ragwort and Musinea groundsel. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it is known only from Sanpete County in the Manti-La Sal National Forest.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Packera franciscana. Archived 2011-10-26 at the Wayback Machine Center for Plant Conservation. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Packera franciscana. The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  3. 1 2 Packera franciscana. Flora of North America. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 USFWS. Packera franciscana Five-year Review. October 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  5. Priest, S. S., et al. The San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona. USGS Fact Sheet 017-01. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  6. Highest Mountain Peaks in Arizona. Mountainzone.com. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 Fowler, J. F. and C. H. Sieg. (2011). Density and elevational distribution of the San Francisco Peaks ragwort, Packera franciscana (Asteraceae), a threatened single-mountain endemic. Madroño 57(4) 213-19.