Painted sweetlips

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Painted sweetlips
Diagramma pictum JNC1848.JPG
Not evaluated  (IUCN 3.1)(Global)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Haemulidae
Genus: Diagramma
Species:
D. pictum
Binomial name
Diagramma pictum
(Thunberg, 1792)
Synonyms [2]
  • Perca pictaThunberg, 1792
  • Plectorhinchus pictus(Thunberg, 1792)
  • Spilotichthys pictus(Thunberg, 1792)

The painted sweetlips (Diagramma pictum), also known as the Australian slatey, blackall, bluey, grey sweetlips, moke, morwong, mother-in-law fish, painted blubber-lips, slate bream, slate sweetlips, smokey bream, thicklip or yellowdot sweetlips is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific region.

Contents

Description

The painted sweetlips has fleshy lips which increase in size as the fish matures. There are 6 pores on the chin but the median pit is absent. [3] The dorsal fin contains 9–10 spines and 22-25 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 7 soft rays. [2] The adults are predominantly blue-grey in colour marked with bright yellow to golden orange spots these frequently form a pattern of lines on the head. The inside of the mouth is vivid orange to red. The dorsal fins have black margins, the anal and pelvic fins have black tips. The juveniles have clear alternating black and white stripes. Their underparts are silvery yellow and they have yellow dorsal and caudal fins yellow marked with black blotches and broken stripes. The stripes grow as the fish grows and begin to split into small circular spots then they fade on body although sometimes they are retained on the caudal fin. [3] This species attains a maximum total length of 100 cm (39 in), although 55 cm (22 in) is a more common length, and the maximum published weight is 6.3 kg (14 lb). [2]

Juveniles Diagramma picta.png
Juveniles

Distribution

The painted sweetlips has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. Its range extends from the eastern coast of Africa from the Red Sea to KwaZulu-Natal eastwards as far as Fiji and north to Japan. It is not found in Australia and is mostly absent from the southern coast of New Guinea. [3]

Habitat and biology

The painted sweetlips is found solitarily or in groups, frequently in turbid water. Its habitat can encompass open muddy, sandy or silty substrates in protected bays or estuaries, around rock outcrops, shipwrecks and rubble. It can also occur in shallow coastal waters and on coral reefs. The juveniles prefer weedy habitats. [2] They feed on benthic invertebrates and smaller fishes. [3] The males and females form distinct pairs when spawning. [2] It is found as deep as 80 m (260 ft) and is most common over silty substrates. [4]

Parasites

As other fish, the painted sweetlips is the host of many parasites. These include the lepocreadiid digenean Holorchis castex and the monorchiid digenean Lasiotocus plectorhynchi in the intestine [5] and the cystidicolid nematode Metabronemoides mirabilis in the stomach. [6]

Systematics

The painted sweetlips was first formally described as Perca picta in 1792 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg with the type locality given as Japan. [7] When Lorenz Oken described the genus Diagramma he used Bloch's Anthias diagramma as its type species, this was shown to be a synonym of Thunberg's Perca picta, so Diagramma pictum is the type species of the genus Diagramma. [8] The Australian species Diagramma labiosum has been considered a subspecies of this species D.p. labiosum by some authorities. [9] The specific name pictum means "painted" and is a reference to the bold black and white striped pattern of the juveniles. [10]

Three boiled fillets of painted sweetlips on a plate. Cooked fillets of painted sweetlips fish on a plate.JPG
Three boiled fillets of painted sweetlips on a plate.

Utilisation

The painted sweetlips is caught using handlines and by spear fishing. It is a common species that is typically marketed fresh, although a small quantity is preserved by salting. [3] The toxin ciguatoxin has been detected in this species, this toxin is the cause of ciguatera poisoning in humans. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Plectorhinchus</i> Genus of fishes

Plectorhinchus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae which also includes the grunts. The species in this genus are found in fresh, brackish, and salt waters.

<i>Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides</i> Species of fish

Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides, the harlequin sweetlips, clown sweetlips, spotted sweetlips or many-spotted sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. This species is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can be found in the aquarium trade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Ocean oriental sweetlips</span> Species of fish

The Indian Ocean oriental sweetlips, also known as the oriental sweetlips or oriental blubberlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ribboned sweetlips</span> Species of fish

Plectorhinchus polytaenia, the ribboned sweetlips, also known as Tesone di mare or yellow-ribbon sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Plectorhinchus pica</i> Species of fish

Plectorhinchus pica, the painted sweetlips, dotted sweetlips, magpie sweetlips or spotted sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to coral reefs of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It is a commercially important species and can be found in the aquarium trade.

<i>Plectorhinchus diagrammus</i> Species of fish

Plectorhinchus diagrammus, the striped sweetlips, fourbanded sweetlips or silver-banded sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It feeds on benthic invertebrates. This species can reach 40 cm (16 in) in TL. It can be found in the aquarium trade and is farmed. It is native to the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, from the Andaman Islands to the Philippines, north as far as Japan, where it is an inhabitant of coral reefs. This species was first formally described in 1758 by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae, he gave it the name Perca diagramma. Its specific name diagrammus was not explained by Linnaeus but he cites Gronovius in his description who described “irregular longitudinal yellow lines”, so the name is inferred to “a figure marked with lines”.

<i>Plectorhinchus albovittatus</i> Species of fish

Plectorhinchus albovittatus, the two-striped sweetlips or giant sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, part of the grunt family Haemulidae. It is native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Anisotremus virginicus</i> Species of fish

Anisotremus virginicus, the porkfish, also known as the Atlantic porkfishsweetlips, dogfish or paragrate grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Diagramma</i> Genus of fishes

Diagramma is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Haemulidae, grunts native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. The currently recognized species in this genus are:

<i>Genyatremus luteus</i> Species of fish

Genyatremus luteus, the Torroto grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae of the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Atlantic coast of South America from Colombia to Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackfin slatey</span> Species of fish

The blackfin slatey, also known as blackfoot sweetlips, blackfin sweetlips or blacktip sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western central Pacific Ocean.

Plectorhinchus macrospilus, the largespot sweetlips, largespot thicklips or Andaman sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the north eastern Indian Ocean.

<i>Plectorhinchus gibbosus</i> Species of fish

Plectorhinchus gibbosus, commonly known as the Harry hotlips, black sweetlips, brown sweetlips, dusky sweetlips, gibbous sweetlips, hairy hotlips or humpback sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans.

<i>Plectorhinchus lineatus</i> Species of fish

Plectorhinchus lineatus, also known as the yellowbanded sweetlips, oblique-banded sweetlips, diagonal-banded sweetlips, Goldman's sweetlips, lined blubber-lips, lined sweetlips, many-lined sweetlips, striped sweetlips and yellowband sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It inhabits coral reefs of the western Pacific Ocean, where it occurs at depths from 1 to 35 m.

Holorchis is a genus of trematodes in the family Aephnidiogenidae.

Metabronemoides is a genus of parasitic nematodes, belonging to the family Cystidicolidae. Species of Metabronemoides are parasitic as adults in the gastrointestinal tract of fish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sailfin rubberlip</span> Species of fish

The sailfin rubberlip is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Diagramma labiosum</i> Species of fish

Diagramma centurio, the painted sweetlips, Australian slatey, greysweetlips, painted blubber-lips or yellowdot sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African striped grunt</span> Species of fish

The African striped grunt is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubberlip grunt</span> Species of fish

The rubberlip grunt is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

References

  1. ↑ Russell, B.; Iwatsuki, Y.; Carpenter, K.E.; Hartmann, S. (2015). "Diagramma pictum (Persian Gulf assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T46085892A57127586. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Diagramma pictus" in FishBase. February 2021 version.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 R.J. MacKay (2001). "Haemulidae". In Carpenter, K.E. & Neim, Volker H. (eds.). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 5: Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO Rome. p. 2983.
  4. ↑ "Diagramma pictus Thunberg 1792". Maldives Fishes. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  5. ↑ Bray, R. A. & Justine, J.-L. (2007). "Holorchis castex n. sp. (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from the painted sweet-lips Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792) (Perciformes: Haemulidae) from New Caledonia". Zootaxa. 1426: 51–56.
  6. ↑ Moravec, F. E.; Justine, J. L. (2010). "Two new genera and species of cystidicolids (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia". Parasitology International. 59 (2): 198–205. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2010.01.005. PMID   20129064.
  7. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Diagramma". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  8. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Haemulidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  9. ↑ Bray, D.J. (2017). "Diagramma pictum labiosum". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  10. ↑ Scharpf, Christopher; Lazara, Kenneth J., eds. (5 January 2021). "Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
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