Paratriacanthodes

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Paratriacanthodes
Paratriacanthodes retrospinis Fowler 1934.jpg
Paratriacanthodes retrospinis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Tetraodontiformes
Family: Triacanthodidae
Subfamily: Triacanthodinae
Genus: Paratriacanthodes
Fowler, 1934
Type species
Paratriacanthodes retrospinis
Fowler, 1934
Synonyms

Paratriacanthodes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Contents

Taxonomy

Paratriacanthodes was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1934 by the American zoologist Henry Weed Fowler when he described P. retrospinis as its only species, he also designated as the type species of the genus. [1] When Fowler described P. retrospinis he gave its type locality as the China Sea in the vicinity of Taiwan at 21˚36'00N, 117˚27'00E, Albatross station D.5517 from a depth of 421 m (1,381 ft). Later in 1935 George S. Myers added a second species P. herrei from the Philippines and in 1967 James C. Tyler added a third, P. abei from the South China Sea. [2] In 1968 Tyler classified this genus in the nominate subfamily of the family Triacanthodidae, the Triacanthodinae. [3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei in the order Tetraodontiformes. [4]

Species

There are currently 3 recognized species in this genus: [5] [6]

Etymology

Paratriacanthodes prefixes the name of the type genus of the Triacanthodidae, Triacanthodes , with para, meaning "near to". This refers to the close relationship between Paratriacanthodes and Triacanthodes. The specific name of the type species, retrospinis means "backward spine" and refers to the backward pointing barb on the first spine in the dorsal fin and on the spine in the pelvic fin. The specific names of P. abei and P. herrei honour the Japanese ichthyologist Tokiharu Abe and the American ichthyologist Albert William Herre respectively. [7]

Characteristics

Paratriacanthodes spikefishes have a flat lower surface to the pelvis, the pelvis tapers to a point to the rear being much broader between the spines of the pelvic fins and at its rear, this feature places the genus in the subfamily Triacanthodinae. [8] These fishes have six spines in the dorsal fin and these descrease in size towards the rear, the smallest sixth spine is, however, still clearly visible. They have a smout which is not as long as the remainder of the ead. The gill slit is short and does extend below the base of the pectoral fin. There is a single row of large conical teeth in each jaw. [9] The largest species in the genus is P. retrospinis with a maximum published standard length of 12 cm (4.7 in). [5]

Distribution and habitat

Paratriacanthodes spikefishes are found in the Indo-Pacific with P. retrospinis having a wide distribution being recorded from East Africa, Japan, the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, the South China Sea, Australia and New Caledonia. P. abei, however, has only been recorded from the South China Sea and P. herrei is unknown outside of Philippines waters. [6] These spikefishes are demersal and are found at depths between 183 and 384 m (600 and 1,260 ft) [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triacanthidae</span> Family of fishes

Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes, is a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, whicj also includes the pufferfishes, boxfishes, filefishes and related groups. The family is made up of four extant genera and three extinct genera which are known from fossils.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spikefish</span> Family of fishes

The spikefishes are ray-finned fishes related to the pufferfishes and triggerfishes. They live in deep waters; more than 50 m (160 ft), but above the continental shelves. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and the west-central Pacific.

<i>Triacanthus</i> Genus of fishes

Triacanthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes. The two species in this genus are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Tripodichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Tripodichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes. The three species in this genus are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean in shallow water over soft substrates.

Bathyphylax is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the deep waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Halimochirurgus</i> Genus of fishes

Halimochirurgus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the deep waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Hollardia</i> Genus of fishes

Hollardia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These demersal fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean with one species being found in the Pacific Ocean.

<i>Macrorhamphosodes</i> Genus of fishes

Macrorhamphosodes, the trumpetsnouts, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the deep waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Mephisto fraserbrunneri, the devil's spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

Mephisto is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Parahollardia</i> Genus of fishes

Parahollardia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These demersal fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Triacanthodes</i> Genus of fishes

Triacanthodes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Tydemania navigatoris, the fleshy-lipped spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans where it occurs at depths of from 50 to 607 metres. This species grows to a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) SL. This fish is specialized to feed on the scales of other fishes. This species is the only known member of the genus Tydemania.

<i>Triacanthus biaculeatus</i> Species of fish

Triacanthus biaculeatus, also known as the short-nosed tripod fish, black-finned triple-spine, blacktail tripodfish, hollow-snouted tripodfish or silver tripodfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Triacanthodes ethiops</i> Species of fish

Triacanthodes ethiops, the shortsnout spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Paratriacanthodes retrospinis</i> Species of fish

Paratriacanthodes retrospinis, the sawspine spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Triacanthus nieuhofii</i> Species of fish

Triacanthus nieuhofii, the silver tripodfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Triacanthodes anomalus</i> Species of fish

Triacanthodes anomalus, the red spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triacanthoidei</span> Suborder of fishes

Triacanthoidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, which includes the pufferfishes, triggerfishes and related taxa. These benthic fishes are mainly found in the Indian Ocean with some of the spikefishes found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triacanthodinae</span> Subfamily of fish

Triacanthodinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This subfamily comprises nine genera and a total of nineteen species and all, except one species, are found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. The exception is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

References

  1. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triacanthodidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Paratriacanthodes". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  3. ↑ Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
  4. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  5. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Paratriacanthodes". FishBase . June 2024 version.
  6. 1 2 Matsuura, K. (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. Bibcode:2015IchtR..62...72M. doi: 10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5 .
  7. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (27 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  8. ↑ Santini, Francesco (2003). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Triacanthodidae (Tetraodontiformes, Teleostei) (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Toronto . Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  9. ↑ Keiichi Matsuura (2022). "Tetraodontiformes". In Phillip C. Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David E. Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E. Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). pp. 406–485.
  10. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Paratriacanthodes retrospinis". FishBase . June 2024 version.
  11. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Paratriacanthodes abei". FishBase . June 2024 version.
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