Penstemon clevelandii

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Penstemon clevelandii
Cleveland's Beardtongue imported from iNaturalist photo 281711904 on 14 March 2024.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Penstemon
Species:
P. clevelandii
Binomial name
Penstemon clevelandii
Varieties [2]
  • P. clevelandii var. clevelandii
  • P. clevelandii var. connatus Munz & I.M.Johnst.
  • P. clevelandii var. mohavensis (D.D.Keck) McMinn

Penstemon clevelandii is a species of penstemon known by the common name Cleveland penstemon. It is native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in mountain and desert habitat such as scrub, woodland, and chaparral.

Contents

Description

Penstemon clevelandii is herbaceous plant with stems that either grow straight upwards from its base or outwards a short distance before curving to grow upwards reaching 30 to 70 centimeters when mature. It has a woody caudex that resembles rhizomes. [3]

The leaves are dark green to glaucescent, somewhat coated in wax giving a blue-green color. [4] Penstemon clevelandii has both cauline and basal leaves, ones attached to stems and leaves that grow directly from the base of the plant. The basal leaves and the lowest of the cauline are ovate, egg shaped, with smooth to coarsely toothed edges and a length from 15 to 90 millimeters with a width of 8 to 35 mm. The stems will have four to seven pairs of leaves. [3] The upper leaves are deltoid-lanceolate to cordate in shape. [4]

The inflorescence the upper portion of a stem, 10 to 65 centimeters long, and may be hairless or covered in glandular hairs. It will usually have six to twelve groups of flowers that all face one direction away from the stem, but may occasionally have as many as 22 flower groups. Each group of flowers will two cymes with two to eight flowers. [3] The flowers are tubular with expanded, lipped mouths. They may be pink, magenta, or red-purple and do not have nectar guides, but are covered in glandular hairs externally. [5] The inside of the flower could be hairless or have similar glandular hairs to the exterior. The flower length is 17–24 millimeters. The staminode is 6 to 11 mm long and does not reach the flower's opening. It is hairless or only weakly covered in yellow hairs. [3] Flowering may take place as early as February or as late as June. [6]

Taxonomy

Penstemon clevelandii was scientifically described and named by Asa Gray in 1876. It has three recognized varieties. [2]

Names

Its specific epithet, clevelandii, honors the 19th-century San Diego plant collector and lawyer Daniel Cleveland. [7] It is known by the common name Cleaveland penstemon. [8]

Range and habitat

The range of Penstemon clevelandii is in southern California and the Mexican state of Baja California. [9] In California it is found in just Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties. [3] Within them grows in the Peninsular Ranges, the San Jacinto Mountains, the Sonoran Desert, and some mountains in the Mojave. [5]

Plant grow on rocky or sandy slopes. They are associated with pinyon-juniper woodlands, scrub, or chaparral. [6]

Conservation

Penstemon clevelandii was evaluated by NatureServe in 1996 and rated as secure (G5). It has not been evaluated at the state level. [1]

See also

List of Penstemon species

Related Research Articles

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<i>Penstemon barnebyi</i> Plant species in the plantain family

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<i>Penstemon bicolor</i> Plant species in the plantain family

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<i>Penstemon caesius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon caesius, commonly known as the San Bernardino penstemon, is a low growing species of flowering plant. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains, as well as the southern mountains of the Sierra Nevada. It is a member of the flora on rocky slopes and in coniferous forests and alpine habitat in the mountains.

<i>Penstemon calcareus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon calcareus is a species of penstemon known by the common name limestone penstemon. It is native to California, where it is known from the deserts of central San Bernardino County, as well as the Death Valley area, where its distribution extends just over the border into Nevada. It grows in scrub and woodland, often on limestone substrates.

<i>Penstemon centranthifolius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon centranthifolius is a species of penstemon known by the common name scarlet bugler. It is native to California and parts of Mexico, where it grows in many types of dry habitat from coast to desert, such as chaparral and oak woodland.

<i>Penstemon cinicola</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon cinicola is a species of penstemon known by the common name ash penstemon. It is native to northeastern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in forests and plateau habitat.

<i>Penstemon spectabilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon spectabilis is a species of penstemon known by the common name showy penstemon or showy beardtongue. It is a perennial herb native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in the chaparral, scrub, and woodlands of the coastal mountain ranges.

<i>Baccharis malibuensis</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Penstemon canescens</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon canescens is a species of penstemon in the family Plantaginaceae. P. canescens is known by the common names gray beardtongue or Appalachian beardtongue. It is native to woodlands, forest edges, and roadsides of the southeastern United States and flowers May through July. It is a perennial herb producing stems reaching 80 centimeters in maximum height.

<i>Penstemon angustifolius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon angustifolius is a perennial semi-evergreen forb belonging to the plantain family. This species is 1 out of roughly 273 species of Penstemon. This species is also known as broadbeard beardtongue. This forb is native to central United States and can be noticed by its brightly and highly variable colored flowers.

<i>Penstemon comarrhenus</i> Plant species in the family

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<i>Penstemon cobaea</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon cobaea is a flowering plant in the plantain family, commonly known as Cobaea beardtongue, prairie penstemon or foxglove penstemon. The plant is native to the central United States, primarily the Great Plains from Nebraska to Texas, with additional populations in the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas. There are also populations reported in the southwestern United States as well as in Illinois and Ohio, but these appear to be introductions.

<i>Penstemon brevisepalus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon brevisepalus, commonly known as short-sepaled beardtongue, is an herbaceous plant in the plantain family. It is a perennial that produces pale lavender flowers in late spring.

<i>Penstemon calycosus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon calycosus, commonly called long-sepal beardtongue, is a species of plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It is native to eastern North America, where it native to the Upper South and Midwestern United States. It expanded its range into the northeast United States in the early 20th century. Its natural habitat is in open woodlands, prairies, and bluffs, often over limestone.

<i>Penstemon australis</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon australis is a perennial plant native to the southeastern United States, with the common name Eustis Lake penstemon.

<i>Penstemon crandallii</i> Plant species in the family

Penstemon crandallii, also known as Crandall's penstemon, is a species of penstemon that grows in western Colorado and small parts of New Mexico and Utah. It is a low growing plant with blue to purple flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 NatureServe (1 November 2024). "Penstemon clevelandii". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Penstemon clevelandii A.Gray". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Freeman, Craig C. (29 July 2020) [2019]. "Penstemon clevelandii". Flora of North America . p. 248. ISBN   978-0190868512. OCLC   1101573420 . Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  4. 1 2 Keck, David Daniels (1951). "Penstemon". In Abrams, LeRoy; Ferris, Roxana S.; Vincent, Sylvia; Law, Barbara (eds.). An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Vol. III. Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae. Stanford, California: Standord University Press. p. 755. LCCN   23009934. OCLC   327699 . Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  5. 1 2 Wetherwax, Margriet; Holmgren, Noel H. (2012). "Penstemon clevelandii". Jepson eFlora. University of California, Berkley. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  6. 1 2 Freeman, Craig C. (29 July 2020) [2019]. "Penstemon clevelandii var. clevelandii". Flora of North America . p. 248. ISBN   978-0190868512. OCLC   1101573420 . Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  7. Marcus, Joe (12 May 2009). "Ask Mr. Smarty Plants : Who was Salvia clevelandii named for?". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  8. Taylor, Ronald J. (1998). Desert Wildflowers of North America. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. p. 92. ISBN   978-0-87842-376-7 . Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  9. Hassler, Michael (5 November 2024). "Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.11". World Plants.