Phacelia campanularia

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Phacelia campanularia
Phaceliacampanularia.jpg
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Phacelia
Species:
P. campanularia
Binomial name
Phacelia campanularia
Infraspecies [2]
  • P. c. var. campanularia
  • P. c. var. vasiformis(G.W.Gillett) Walden & R.Patt.
Synonyms [2]
  • Phacelia minor var. campanularia(A.Gray) Jeps.

Phacelia campanularia is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae, known by the common names desertbells, [3] desert bluebells, [4] California-bluebell, [5] desert scorpionweed, [6] and desert Canterbury bells. [7] Its true native range is within the borders of California, [4] [8] [6] in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, but it is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant and it can be found growing elsewhere as an introduced species. [3]

Contents

Description

This annual herb has an erect stem reaching 0.7 metres (2.3 ft) in maximum height. It is covered in glandular hairs. The leaf blades are somewhat rounded with toothed edges. The inflorescence is a loose cyme of flowers. The flower has a bright blue corolla up to 4 centimeters long which can be bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or round and flattened. It can have white spots in the throat. The protruding stamens and style can be 4.5 centimeters long. The fruit is a capsule up to 1.5 centimeters long. [9] It grows in dry, sandy places below 4,000 feet (1,200 m). [7]

Taxonomy

Two infraspecies are usually recognized, called subspecies [4] or varieties. [2]

They can intergrade in some areas. [9]

Chemistry

The anthocyanin pigment phacelianin was isolated from the flowers of this species and is involved in the formation of their blue color. It is also responsible for the blue of the flowers of Evolvulus pilosus . [10]

The juice, sap, or hairs may cause irritation or a skin rash and should be washed from skin as soon as possible. [11]

Related Research Articles

<i>Phacelia crenulata</i> Species of plant

Phacelia crenulata is a species of flowering plant in the waterleaf family, Hydrophyllaceae. Its common names include notch-leaf scorpion-weed, notch-leaved phacelia, cleftleaf wildheliotrope, and heliotrope phacelia. Phacelia crenulata has an antitropical distribution, a type of disjunct distribution where a species exists at comparable latitudes on opposite sides of the equator, but not at the tropics. In North America, it is native to the southwestern United States as far east as Colorado and New Mexico, and Baja California and Sonora in Mexico. In South America, it is native to southern Peru, western Bolivia, and northern Chile.

<i>Phacelia fremontii</i> Species of plant

Phacelia fremontii is a flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae native to the southwestern United States. In California, its range includes the Mojave Desert, the San Joaquin Valley, the Coast Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada. It was named for John C. Frémont.

<i>Mertensia virginica</i> Species of flowering plant

Mertensia virginica is a spring ephemeral plant in the Boraginaceae (borage) family with bell-shaped sky-blue flowers, native to eastern North America.

<i>Phacelia minor</i> Species of plant

Phacelia minor, with the common names Whitlavia and wild Canterbury bells, is a species of phacelia. It is native to Southern California and Baja California, where it grows in the Colorado Desert and the coastal and inland mountains of the Transverse-Peninsular Ranges, often in chaparral and areas recently burned.

<i>Astragalus coccineus</i> Species of plant

Astragalus coccineus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name scarlet locoweed or scarlet milkvetch. It is native to the deserts, scrub, and chaparral of the Southwestern United States in Arizona, California, and Nevada, and in northwestern Mexico.

<i>Astragalus nuttallianus</i> Species of legume

Astragalus nuttallianus is a species of milkvetch known by the common names smallflower milkvetch and turkeypeas. It is native to the southwestern and south central United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in many types of habitat, often in dry areas.

<i>Palafoxia arida</i> Species of flowering plant

Palafoxia arida is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, known by the common names desert palafox and Spanish needle.

<i>Phacelia grandiflora</i> Species of plant

Phacelia grandiflora is a species of phacelia known by the common name largeflower phacelia. It is native to the coastal hills and southern Transverse Ranges of southern California and Baja California, where it grows in coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and other local habitat, including areas recently burned by wildfire.

<i>Phacelia hastata</i> Species of plant

Phacelia hastata is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. Its common names include silverleaf scorpionweed, silverleaf phacelia, and white-leaf phacelia. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Alberta south to California and east to Nebraska. It can be found in many types of habitat, including scrub, woodland, and forest, up to an elevation of 13,000 feet. It prefers sandy to rocky soil.

<i>Phacelia insularis</i> Species of plant

Phacelia insularis, the coast phacelia is a rare species of phacelia. It is endemic to California, where it has a disjunct distribution.

<i>Phacelia linearis</i> Species of plant

Phacelia linearis, the linear-leaved phacelia or threadleaf phacelia, is a species of phacelia.

Phacelia longipes is a species of phacelia known by the common name longstalk phacelia. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the Transverse Ranges and adjacent western Mojave Desert. Its habitat includes chaparral, woodland, and forest, in rocky soils.

<i>Phacelia nashiana</i> Species of plant

Phacelia nashiana is a species of phacelia known by the common name Charlotte's phacelia. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the ecotone where the lower Sierra Nevada and Tehachapi Mountains transition into the Mojave Desert. It grows in scrub and woodland and on granite mountain slopes.

<i>Phacelia neglecta</i> Species of plant

Phacelia neglecta is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. Its common names include alkali phacelia and neglected scorpionweed. It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States in Nevada, Arizona, and southeastern California, where it grows in varied desert habitat, including areas with alkali soils. It is likely that its distribution extends into Baja California.

<i>Phacelia pedicellata</i> Species of plant

Phacelia pedicellata is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. Its common names include specter phacelia and pedicellate phacelia. It is native to the southwestern United States and Baja California, where it can be found in several types of habitat, including creosote bush scrub and Joshua tree woodland.

<i>Phacelia quickii</i> Species of plant

Phacelia quickii is a species of phacelia known by the common name Quick's phacelia.

<i>Phacelia ramosissima</i> Species of plant

Phacelia ramosissima is a species of phacelia known by the common name branching phacelia. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California and the Southwestern United States, where it can be found in many types of habitat.

<i>Phacelia viscida</i> Species of plant

Phacelia viscida is a species of phacelia known by the common names sticky phacelia and tacky phacelia.

<i>Salvia munzii</i> Species of flowering plant

Salvia munzii is a semi-evergreen perennial species of sage known by the common name Munz's sage or San Miguel Mountain sage. It is native to northern Baja California, Mexico, and it can be found in a few locations just north of the border in San Diego County, California, where it is particularly rare. It is characterized by small leaves and clear blue flowers. It is a member of the coastal sage scrub and chaparral plant communities.

<i>Echinocactus horizonthalonius</i> Species of cactus

Echinocactus horizonthalonius is a species of cactus known by several common names, including devilshead, turk's head cactus, blue barrel cactus, eagle's claw, horse maimer, horse crippler, and visnaga meloncillo. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it occurs in Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert habitats, particularly on limestone substrates. One of its varieties is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

References

  1. "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Phacelia campanularia A.Gray". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  3. 1 2 USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Phacelia campanularia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 Phacelia campanularia. Calflora.
  5. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  6. 1 2 "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  7. 1 2 Phacelia campanularia. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas at Austin.
  8. "Phacelia campanularia". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  9. 1 2 Phacelia campanularia. The Jepson Manual.
  10. Mori, M., et al. (2006). Structure of anthocyanin from the blue petals of Phacelia campanularia and its blue flower color development. Phytochemistry 67(6), 622-29.
  11. "Toxic Plants (by common name)". Safe and Poisonous Garden Plants. University of California. Retrieved 10 November 2020.