Phyllonorycter blancardella

Last updated

Phyllonorycter blancardella
Phyllonorycter blancardella, Newborough Forest, North Wales, Sept 2016 (29274540800).jpg
Phyllonorycter blancardella, Newborough Forest, North Wales
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Gracillariidae
Genus: Phyllonorycter
Species:
P. blancardella
Binomial name
Phyllonorycter blancardella
(Fabricius, 1781)
Synonyms
  • Tinea blancardellaFabricius, 1781
  • Lithocolletis concomitellaBankes, 1899

Phyllonorycter blancardella, the spotted tentiform leafminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe, east to Ukraine and central Anatolia. It is also known throughout North America including Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Wisconsin and California. [1]

Contents

The wingspan is 6–9 mm. The forewing ground colour is variable but not grey. It is sometimes orange or tawny and often with a dusty sprinkling of blackish scales. White streaks sometimes join together to form larger markings (fascia and spots). [2] P. blancardella is very similar to Phyllonorycter hostis and other Rosaceae-feeding Phyllonorycter species and only determined by examination of genitalia preparations.See Lewis British Lepidoptera for an overview of the difficulties surrounding correct identification. [3]

Adults emerge in May and again in August in two generations in western Europe.

The larvae feed on Malus angustifolia , Malus x astracanica, Malus baccata , Malus coronaria , Malus domestica , Malus floribunda , Malus fusca , Malus ringo , Malus x robusta and Malus sylvestris . They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Control

The spotted tentiform leafminer is a serious pest of various apple species ( Malus ), along with the apple blotch leafminer moth ( Phyllonorycter crataegella ) and others. Infestation may result in reduced crop yield. Both species, like many other pests, show an increasing resistance to organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. [4]

Two species of very small wasps, the eulophid Sympiesis marylandensis and the braconid Pholetesor ornigis are parasites of both P. blancardella and P. crataegella. [5] Biological control includes reducing the use of broad spectrum insecticides, helping these and other parasitoids to flourish and reduce leaf miner damage. Mulching fallen leaves may also allow fragments to be pulled underground by earthworms. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Horse-chestnut leaf miner</span> Species of moth

The horse-chestnut leaf miner is a leaf-mining moth of the family Gracillariidae. The horse-chestnut leaf miner was first observed in North Macedonia in 1984, and was described as a new species in 1986. Its larvae are leaf miners on the common horse-chestnut. The horse-chestnut leafminer was first collected and inadvertently pressed in herbarium sheets by the botanist Theodor von Heldreich in central Greece in 1879.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaf miner</span> Larva of an insect that lives in and eats the leaf tissue of plants

A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera), sawflies, and flies (Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gracillariidae</span> Family of moths

Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.

<i>Phyllonorycter maestingella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter maestingella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Europe, Russia and British Columbia, Canada.

<i>Phyllocnistis citrella</i> Species of moth

Phyllocnistis citrella, the citrus leafminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is also known as CLM in agriculture. It was described by Henry Tibbats Stainton from India in 1856. It was first found in Florida, United States, in 1993, but is now found all over the world, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Corsica, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, Israel, Madeira, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, the Philippines, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka and other parts of the United States.

Stigmella oxyacanthella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Europe and North America. The larvae are leaf miners feeding inside the leaves of trees and shrubs, such as hawthorn, apple and pear.

<i>Phyllonorycter apparella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter apparella, the aspen leaf blotch miner moth, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in most of Europe. It is also present in Turkey and North America.

<i>Phyllonorycter albanotella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter albanotella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario and Québec in Canada and Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Texas, Maine, Vermont and Connecticut in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter ostryaefoliella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter ostryaefoliella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter crataegella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter crataegella, the apple blotch leafminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter populiella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter populiella, commonly known as the poplar leafminer moth, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter basistrigella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter basistrigella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Connecticut, Illinois, Oregon, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, New York, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Colorado, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, California and Missouri in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter tritaenianella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter tritaenianella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, New York, Connecticut and Massachusetts in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter tiliacella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter tiliacella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States.

<i>Leucanthiza dircella</i> Species of moth

Leucanthiza dircella is a species of moth in the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada, and the United States.

Phyllonorycter malella, the apple tentiform leafminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (Altai), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

Phyllonorycter elmaella, the western tentiform leafminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from British Columbia in Canada and California, Oregon, Washington and Utah in the United States.

Parornix geminatella, the unspotted tentiform leafminer moth, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec, Canada, and Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, New York, Vermont, Texas, Colorado, Missouri, Kentucky and Connecticut in the United States.

Caloptilia alnivorella, the alder leafminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. The species was first described by Vactor Tousey Chambers in 1875. It is known from the Russian Far East, Canada and the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithocolletinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Lithocolletinae is a subfamily of insects in the moth family Gracillariidae. It is distributed worldwide, with most species in temperate regions.

References

  1. ↑ "Spotted Tentiform Leafminer", Integrated Pest Management for Apples (publication 310), Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
  2. ↑ Heath, J. & Emmet, A. M. (Hrsg.) (1985): The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland . Volume 2: Cossidae – Heliodinidae. Harley Books, Colchester, Essex.
  3. ↑ Lewis, C. British Lepidoptera
  4. ↑ Mozūraitis, Raimondas; et al. (Feb 2009). "Chemical Communication in the Leaf Mining Moths of the Genus Phyllonorycter". Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  5. ↑ Bishop, Stephanie D.; et al. (2001). "Hymenopterous parasites associated with Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Nova Scotia and Quebec" (PDF). Phytoprotection. 82 (2): 65–71. doi:10.7202/706217ar.
  6. ↑ "Natural Enemies of Spotted Tentiform Leafminer on Apple, Part 1". Midwest Biological Control News. III (7). University of Wisconsin-Madison. July 1996. (see also Part 2)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.