Malus baccata

Last updated

Malus baccata
Malus-baccata.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Malus
Species:
M. baccata
Binomial name
Malus baccata
(L.) Borkh. 1803
Synonyms [1]
  • Malus baccata var. sibirica(Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.
  • Malus sibirica(Maxim.) Kom. & Aliss.
  • Malus sibiricaBorkh.
  • Pyrus baccataL. 1767
  • Pyrus baccata var. sibiricaMaxim.

Malus baccata is an Asian species of apple known by the common names Siberian crab apple, [2] Siberian crab, [3] Manchurian crab apple and Chinese crab apple. [4] [5] [6] It is native to many parts of Asia, but is also grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for rootstock. It is used for bonsai. It bears plentiful, fragrant, white flowers and edible red to yellow fruit of about 1 cm (38 in) diameter.

Contents

Description

Trunk MalusBaccataTrunk.jpg
Trunk

The trees grow up to 10–14 m (33–46 ft) high. They have arching or overhanging red-brown branches and red-brown buds. The petioles are 2–5 cm (34–2 in) long, with few glands. Leaves are elliptical or egg-shaped, 3 cm–8 cm × 2 cm–3.5 cm (1+14 in–3+14 in × 34 in–1+12 in). The pedicels are slender and 1.5–4 cm (581+58 in) long. They bear white, fragrant flowers of 3–3.5 cm (1+181+38 in) in diameter in groups of four to six. Petals are white and egg-shaped, about 2.0–2.5 cm (34–1 in) long. Fruits are red to yellow and spherical, only about 1 cm (38 in) in diameter; they form dense clusters and resemble cherries from a distance. Flowering occurs in spring, with fruits appearing in September and October. [7] [5] [6]

Taxonomy

The subordinate taxa include these varieties: [4] [7] [6]

Distribution and habitat

The species is native to Russia, Mongolia, China, Korea, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, [4] where it is common to mixed forests on hilly slopes at elevations up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft). [7] The tree is found in Japan, [6] and it has also been introduced to Europe and North America, where it is found in the wild mostly in the Great Lakes Region and in the Northeastern United States. [8] [9]

Uses

The species is used as ornament for its flowers and fruit. The fruits are edible and are eaten fresh or dried. It is one of the tallest and most resistant to cold and pest [10] species of its genus, thus is used for experimental breeding and grafting of other crab and domesticated apples. [11] [12] In particular, it is a common genetic source for M. pumila and M. asiatica in northern and northeastern China. [4] [7] M. b. var. mandshurica is used for bonsai. [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Malus</i> Flowering genus, rose family Rosaceae

Malus is a genus of about 30–55 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples and wild apples.

<i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Elaeagnus angustifolia, commonly called Russian olive, silver berry, oleaster, or wild olive, is a species of Elaeagnus, native to western and central Asia, Iran, from southern Russia and Kazakhstan to Turkey, parts of Pakistan and parts of India. As of 2020, it is widely established in North America as an introduced species.

<i>Yucca baccata</i> Yucca with banana-shaped fruit

Yucca baccata is a common species of yucca native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, from southeastern California north to Utah, east to western Texas and south to Sonora and Chihuahua. It is also reported in the wild in Colombia.

<i>Annona squamosa</i> Species of tree

Annona squamosa is a small, well-branched tree or shrub from the family Annonaceae that bears edible fruits called sugar apples or sweetsops. It tolerates a tropical lowland climate better than its relatives Annona reticulata and Annona cherimola helping make it the most widely cultivated of these species. Annona squamosa is a small, semi-(or late) deciduous, much-branched shrub or small tree 3 to 8 metres tall similar to soursop. It is a native of tropical climate in the Americas and West Indies, and Spanish traders aboard the Manila galleons docking in the Philippines brought it to Asia.

<i>Ulmus pumila</i> Species of tree

Ulmus pumila, the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes miscalled the 'Chinese elm'. U. pumila has been widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, Argentina, and southern Europe, becoming naturalized in many places, notably across much of the United States.

<i>Malus floribunda</i> Species of flowering crabapple tree

Malus floribunda, common name Japanese flowering crabapple, Japanese crab, purple chokeberry, or showy crabapple, originates from Japan and East Asia. It may be a hybrid of M. toringo with M. baccata, in which case it would be written as Malus × floribunda.

<i>Malus fusca</i> Species of apple tree

Malus fusca, with the common names Oregon crabapple and Pacific crabapple, is a species of crabapple native to western North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apple</span> Fruit that grows on a tree

An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were introduced to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek, and European Christian tradition.

<i>Malus florentina</i> Species of apple tree

Malus florentina is a species of apple known by the common names Florentine crabapple and hawthorn-leaf crabapple. It is native to the Balkan Peninsula and Italy, and it is grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree.

<i>Malus ioensis</i> Species of apple tree

Malus ioensis, known as the Iowa crab or prairie crabapple, is a species of crabapple tree native to the United States. The most common variety, M. ioensis var. ioensis, is found primarily in the prairie regions of the upper Mississippi Valley. Another variety, M. ioensis var. texana, or the Texas crabapple, is found only in a small region of central Texas.

<i>Malus prunifolia</i> Species of apple tree

Malus prunifolia is a species of crabapple tree known by the common names plumleaf crab apple, plum-leaved apple, pear-leaf crabapple, Chinese apple and Chinese crabapple. It is native to China, and is grown elsewhere for use as an ornamental tree or as rootstock. It reaches from between 3 and 8 meters tall and bears white flowers and yellow or red fruit.

<i>Malus spectabilis</i> Species of apple tree

Malus spectabilis is a species of crabapple known by the common names Asiatic apple, Chinese crab, HaiTang and Chinese flowering apple.

<i>Malus transitoria</i> Species of apple tree

Malus transitoria, the cut-leaf crabapple, is a species of flowering plant in the crabapple genus Malus of the family Rosaceae, native to China.

Stigmella oxyacanthella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Europe and North America. The larvae are leaf miners feeding inside the leaves of trees and shrubs, such as hawthorn, apple and pear.

<i>Prunus sibirica</i> Species of plant

Prunus sibirica, commonly known as Siberian apricot, is a species of shrub or small tree native to northern China, Korea, Mongolia, and eastern Siberia. It is classified in the rose family, Rosaceae, and is one of several species whose fruit are called apricot, although this species is rarely cultivated for its fruit. The species was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

<i>Malus niedzwetzkyana</i> Species of apple tree

Malus niedzwetzkyana, or Niedzwetzky's apple, is a kind of apple native to certain parts of China, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan noted for its red-fleshed, red-skinned fruit and red flowers. Some botanists consider it a distinct species, while others have argued it is simply an unusual variety of the common apple, Malus pumila.

Applecrabs are various hybrids between crabapples and apples. They are bred for varying reasons, including disease resistance and use in cold climates because they are often hardier than apple trees and their fruit has the good eating qualities of apples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malus 'Evereste'</span> Apple cultivar

Malus PERPETU 'Evereste' is an ornamental cultivar of crabapple that was developed by INRA in 1974 and is registered under their trademark with the name Malus perpetu.

<i>Malus mandshurica</i> Species of apple tree

Malus mandshurica, the Manchurian crab apple, is a species of Malus found in China, far eastern Russia, North Korea, and Japan. Some authorities consider it to be a variety of the Siberian crab apple, Malus baccata. It is used as a rootstock for cultivated apples in China.

<i>Malus <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> zumi</i> Species of plant in the family Rosaceae

Malus × zumi is a naturally occurring hybrid species of crabapple in the family Rosaceae, native to Japan, and a garden escapee in the US state of Ohio. Its parents are Manchurian crab apple Malus mandshurica and Siebold's crabapple Malus sieboldii. It is used as a salt‑tolerant rootstock for apples, Malus domestica, as it can survive NaCl concentrations up to 0.6%. A number of ornamental cultivars are available, including 'Golden Hornet' and 'Professor Sprenger'.

References

  1. The Plant List, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.
  2. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Malus baccata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  3. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Malus baccata". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2011-02-22.
  5. 1 2 Andrew Jackson Downing (1859). The fruits and fruit trees of America: or, The culture, propagation, and management, in the garden and orchard, of fruit trees generally. J. Wiley & sons. pp.  228. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Ran Levy-Yamamori; Ran Levy; Gerard Taaffe (17 September 2004). Garden plants of Japan. Timber Press. pp. 153–. ISBN   978-0-88192-650-7 . Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Malus baccata in Flora of China @. Efloras.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-22.
  8. PLANTS Profile for Malus baccata (Siberian crab apple) | USDA PLANTS. Plants.usda.gov (2005-04-04). Retrieved on 2011-02-22.
  9. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  10. D. K. Kishore; Dr. Satish K. Sharma (2006). Temperate horticulture: current scenario. New India Publishing. pp. 102–. ISBN   978-81-89422-36-3 . Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  11. John C. Roecklein; PingSun Leung (1 January 1987). A Profile of economic plants. Transaction Publishers. pp. 238–. ISBN   978-0-88738-167-6 . Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  12. Western Fruit Gardening. University of California Press. 1953. pp. 100, 136–137. GGKEY:45WEAJKYP7F. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  13. William M. Ciesla; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2002). Non-wood forest products from temperate broad-leaved trees. Food & Agriculture Org. pp.  24–. ISBN   978-92-5-104855-9 . Retrieved 22 February 2011.