Pin-striped tit-babbler

Pin-striped tit-babbler
Calls of rubicapilla (southern India)
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Timaliidae
Genus:	Mixornis
Species:	M. gularis
Binomial name
Mixornis gularis (Horsfield, 1822)
Distribution of Mixornis gularis
Synonyms
Macronus gularis

The pin-striped tit-babbler (Mixornis gularis), also known as the yellow-breasted babbler, is a species of bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae that is found in South and Southeast Asia.

Taxonomy and systematics

The pin-striped tit-babbler was formally described in 1822 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected in Sumatra. He coined the binomial name Timalia gularis. ^{[2] [3]} The pin-striped tit-babbler was formerly placed in the genus Macronus but based on the results of a large molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019, ^[4] the species was moved to the genus Mixornis that had been introduced in 1842 by the English zoologist Edward Blyth. ^{[5] [6]} The genus name combines the Ancient Greek mixis meaning "mixed" or "mingling" with ornis meaning "bird". The specific epithet gularis is Modern Latin meaning "-throated". ^[7] The pin-striped tit-babbler belongs within a clade that includes the genera Dumetia and Timalia . ^[4]

The species has also been split following a study by Nigel Collar to distinguish the morphologically distinct Bornean and Javan populations, which have since been renamed the bold-striped tit-babbler (Mixornis bornensis), from the rest of the pin-striped tit-babbler species complex. ^[8]

The following 13 subspecies are recognized: ^[6]

• M. g. rubicapilla (Tickell, 1833) – Nepal, Bhutan and northeast India to Bangladesh and east-central India
• M. g. ticehursti Stresemann, 1940 – west Myanmar
• M. g. sulphureus (Rippon, 1900) – eastern Myanmar, west Thailand and southwest Yunnan (south China)
• M. g. lutescens Delacour, 1926 – southeast Yunnan (south China), north, northeast Thailand and north Indochina
• M. g. kinneari Delacour & Jabouille, 1924 – central Vietnam
• M. g. saraburiensis (Deignan, 1956) – east-central Thailand and west Cambodia
• M. g. versuricola Oberholser, 1922 – east Cambodia and south Vietnam
• M. g. condorensis Robinson, 1921 – Con Son Island (off south Vietnam)
• M. g. connectens (Kloss, 1918) – Tenasserim (southeast Myanmar), coastal Gulf of Thailand to central Malay Peninsula (includes chersonesophilus) ^[9]
• M. g. archipelagicus Oberholser, 1922 – Mergui Archipelago (off southwest Myanmar)
• M. g. inveteratus Oberholser, 1922 – coastal islands off southeast Thailand and Cambodia
• M. g. gularis (Horsfield, 1822) – south Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banyak Islands (west of north Sumatra) and Batu Islands (west of central Sumatra)
• M. g. woodi Sharpe, 1877 – Palawan group (southwest Philippines)

Description

The species has a distinctive yellowish supercilium and rufous crown. The throat is yellowish with brown streaks. Call is a loud repeated chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk somewhat reminiscent of a common tailorbird.

They forage in small flocks and creep and clamber in low vegetation. They breed in the pre-monsoon season from February to July and build a loose ball shaped nest made from grasses and leaves.

Distribution

In Bintan, Indonesia

The species is widely distributed and is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. ^[1]

In India, there are disjunct populations in southern India. This population was recorded by Salim Ali from Antharasanthe near the Kabini reservoir. There were no records of the species from this area after the initial collection. The southern population was rediscovered from the Masinagudi area in Mudumalai in 2004. ^[10]

Other populations are found in the northern Eastern Ghats.

References

1. BirdLife International. (2024). "Mixornis gularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024: e.T22735162A264167049. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22735162A264167049.en . Retrieved 14 June 2025.
2. Horsfield, Thomas (1822). Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands. London: Printed for Kingsbury, Parbury, & Allen. Part 3. Plate [43], fig. 2, text.
3. Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 321.
4. Cai, T.; Cibois, A.; Alström, P.; Moyle, R.G.; Kennedy, J.D.; Shao, S.; Zhang, R.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Gelang, M.; Qu, Y.; Lei, F.; Fjeldså, J. (2019). "Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world's babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 130: 346–356. Bibcode:2019MolPE.130..346C. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.010 . PMID   30321696.
5. Blyth, Edward (1842). "Report from the curator". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 11, Part 2 (128): 788-799 [794, note].
6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Babblers & fulvettas". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
7. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp.  257, 181. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
8. Collar, N.J. (2006). "A partial revision of the Asian babblers (Timaliidae)". Forktail. 22: 85–112.
9. Cros, E.; Rheindt, F.E. (2017). "Massive bioacoustic analysis suggests introgression across Pleistocene land bridges in Mixornis tit-babblers". Journal of Ornithology. 158 (2): 407–419. Bibcode:2017JOrni.158..407C. doi:10.1007/s10336-016-1411-x.
10. Praveen J.; Job K. Joseph; Nick Lethaby (2004). "Sighting of Yellow-breasted Babbler Macronous gularis in South India" (PDF). Newsletter for Ornithologists. 1 (3): 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-17.