Plantago novae-zelandiae

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Plantago novae-zelandiae
SP108809 Plantago novae-zelandiae LBMoore Te Papa 1863272 587609.jpg
Fruiting plant of P. novae-zelandiae from Mt Hikurangi, East Cape, New Zealand observed in 2020
Status NZTCS NT.svg
Not Threatened (NZ TCS)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Plantago
Species:
P. novae-zelandiae
Binomial name
Plantago novae-zelandiae

Plantago novae-zelandiae is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Lucy Moore described P. novae-zelandiae in 1961. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, up to 4 ellipsoid seeds per capsule, glabrous bracts and sepals, and punctate leaves. It is listed as Not Threatened.

Contents

Taxonomy

Plantago novae-zelandiae is in the plant family Plantaginaceae. [2] Lucy Moore described P. novae-zelandiae in the Flora of New Zealand in 1961. [3] [1]

Holotype specimen of P. novae-zelandiae at the Te Papa herbarium SP002310 Plantago novae-zelandiae LBMoore Te Papa 694210 511174.jpg
Holotype specimen of P. novae-zelandiae at the Te Papa herbarium

The holotype was collected by Donald Petrie in 1897 on Hikurangi, North Island, New Zealand and is housed at the herbarium of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (WELT). [3] [4]

Plantago novae-zelandiae is morphologically most similar to P. lanigera and P. unibracteata. [5] [3]

Compared to P. unibracteata and P. triandra, P. novae-zelandiae and P. lanigera (and other mainland New Zealand species) have leaves that are widest at or above the middle, and usually longer scapes, more flowers per spike, and fewer seeds per capsule. [3]

Plantago novae-zelandiae can be distinguished from P. lanigera by ovule and seed characters, especially fewer ovules (4 vs. 8–13), fewer seeds (1–4 vs. 4–13) that are larger (1.3–2.1 mm long vs. 0.6–1.5) as well as rounded and ellipsoid (vs. angular or rounded and of various shapes). [3]

Description

Rosettes of P. novae-zelandiae observed in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand in 2020 SP108839 Plantago novae-zelandiae LBMoore Te Papa 1863592 608094.jpg
Rosettes of P. novae-zelandiae observed in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand in 2020

Plantago novae-zelandiae plants are small rosettes with a primary root up to 15 mm thick, with up to 40 usually narrowly angular-ovate or angular-ovate leaves, and with visible, short (<10 mm long), rust-coloured leaf axillary hairs in the basal rosette. The leaves have 1–3 veins, are 23–88 mm long (including petiole) and up to 19 mm wide, usually punctate, with isolated hairs or sparsely hairy on the upper surface, usually glabrous or with isolated hairs on the lower surface. The leaf usually has an acute apex, and its edges are smooth or wavy or with up to 6 minute teeth. The petiole is sometimes distinguishable from the leaf lamina, and up to 30 mm long. Each rosette plant has up to 14 erect inflorescences which can be up to 115 mm long. The scapes are smooth and with isolated hairs to densely hairy. The spikes are usually globose or ovoid with 2–20 densely crowded flowers. Each flower has 1 small bract that is broadly ovate to very broadly ovate and usually glabrous. The calyx is 2.3–3.2 mm long, 1.6–2.7 mm wide, glabrous. The corolla tube is 1.8–3.0 mm long, corolla lobes 1.3–2.2 mm long, stamen filaments 3.2–5.8 mm long, anthers 1.3–1.4 mm long, and style 3.0–6.0 mm long and densely hairy. The ovary is 0.9–1.9 mm long, with 4 ovules. The fruit is a dry, dehiscent capsule with circumsessile dehiscence, usually broadly ellipsoid or globose, widest at or below middle, 1.6–3.6 mm long and 1.3–2.9 mm wide. Each capsule has 1–4 uniform rust or brown seeds 1.3–2.1 mm long, ellipsoid. [3]

Plantago novae-zelandiae flowers from November to January and fruits from December to April. [3]

The chromosome number of Plantago novae-zelandiae is 2n=24 (CHR 200533 only). [6]

Distribution and habitat

Plantago novae-zelandiae rosettes SP108839 Plantago novae-zelandiae LBMoore Te Papa 1863592 589974.jpg
Plantago novae-zelandiae rosettes

Plantago novae-zelandiae is a plantain that is endemic to the North and South Islands of New Zealand.

In the North Island it is found in Volcanic Plateau, Gisborne regions and Southern North Island regions, whereas on the South Island it is found in Sounds Nelson, Western Nelson, Westland, Canterbury, Otago, and Fiordland regions. [3]

It grows in subalpine to alpine herbfields, grasslands and scrub, in bogs, tarns, flushes, on rocks or outcrops, in damp to very wet areas, from 900 to 1700 m m above sea level. [3]

Phylogeny

Herbarium specimen of P. novae-zealndiae collected by Donald Petrie in 1907 in the Tararua Range, North Island, New Zealand from the Auckland Museum herbarium Plantago novae-zelandiae L.B.Moore (AM AK8662).jpg
Herbarium specimen of P. novae-zealndiae collected by Donald Petrie in 1907 in the Tararua Range, North Island, New Zealand from the Auckland Museum herbarium

In phylogenetic analyses of Australasian species of Plantago using standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA, chloroplast DNA, and mitochondrial DNA regions) [7] [8] and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), [9] Plantago novae-zelandiae was strongly supported as being closely related to the mainland New Zealand species P. obconica and P. lanigera as well as the subantarctic species P. aucklandica. [7] [9]

Similarly, the sole individual of P. novae-zelandiae was closely related to individuals of P. lanigera and P. aucklandica in another phylogenetic study focusing on Plantago species throughout the world using whole chloroplast genomes. [10] Finally, the species was not included in another phylogenetic studies focusing on oceanic island Plantago species using standard DNA sequencing markers. [11]

Conservation status

Plantago novae-zelandiae is listed as Not Threatened in the most recent assessment (2017–2018) of the New Zealand Threatened Classification for plants. [12]

Related Research Articles

<i>Plantago aucklandica</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago aucklandica is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the subantarctic Auckland Islands, New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described P. aucklandica in his Flora Antarctica in 1844. Plants of this plantain are large with large leaves, up to seven veins, wide petioles, colliculate seeds, and long spikes with dozens of flowers and one-seeded fruits. This species in considered to be At Risk - Naturally Uncommon, as it is an island endemic with a restricted range.

<i>Plantago triantha</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago triantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is native to Tasmania, Australia and the subantarctic Auckland Islands of New Zealand. Robert Brown described the species in 1810. Plants of this species of plantain are annual or perennial with a rosette habit, fleshy toothed leaves, and short inflorescences.

<i>Myosotis bryonoma</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis bryonoma is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Michael Thorsen described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a creeping habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

Myosotis glabrescens is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the species in 1961. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are tightly compacted, perennial mats with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis pulvinaris</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis pulvinaris is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate, compact, cushion habit, short bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis uniflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis uniflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate, compact, cushion or mat habit, short bracteate inflorescences, and cream to yellow corollas.

<i>Myosotis lyallii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis lyallii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate or partially-bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis lyallii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> elderi</i> Subspecies of flowering plant endemic to New Zealand

Myosotis lyalliisubsp. elderi is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Lucy Moore described Myosotis elderi in 1961, and Heidi Meudt and Jessie Prebble treated it as a subspecies of M. lyallii in 2018. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas with partially exserted anthers.

Myosotis lyalliisubsp. lyallii is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described M. lyallii in 1853. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate or partially-bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas, usually with exserted anthers.

<i>Myosotis pansa <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> praeceps</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Myosotis pansa subsp. praeceps is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the variety M. petiolata var. pansa in 1961, and it was transferred to a subspecies of M. pansa by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with partially bracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis petiolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis petiolata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the Hawkes Bay region of the North Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Plantago obconica</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago obconica is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. William Sykes described the species in 1988. It is the smallest Plantago species in New Zealand. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, with very narrow, linear, keeled leaves, and fruiting capsules with a 1-cm long funnel-like base.

<i>Plantago triandra</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago triandra is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Sven Berggren described the species in 1877. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, with angular-ovate leaves, tiny calyces, numerous seeds, and often sessile flowers and fruiting capsules. The species is considered to be not threatened.

<i>Plantago unibracteata</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago unibracteata is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Knud Rahn gave the species its current name in 1996, based on Joseph Dalton Hooker's original description in 1854. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, with narrowly angular-ovate leaves with few teeth, and numerous angular or rounded seeds.

<i>Plantago lanigera</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago lanigera is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described P. lanigera in 1864. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, few small angular to rounded seeds per capsule, glabrous bracts and sepals, and punctate leaves. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Plantago spathulata</i> Species of flowering plants

Plantago spathulata is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described P. spathulata in 1853. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, up to 4 ellipsoid seeds per capsule, bracts with hairs along the edges, and midribs of bracts and sepals hairy. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Plantago picta</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago picta is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. William Colenso described P. picta in 1890. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, up to 5 ellipsoid seeds per capsule, and bracts with hairs along the edges but otherwise glabrous. Its conservation status is At Risk – Naturally Uncommon.

<i>Plantago raoulii</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago raoulii is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Decaisne described P. raoulii in 1852. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, usually 5 seeds in a specific arrangement in each capsule, and bracts with mostly glabrous edges. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Plantago udicola</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago udicola is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Heidi Meudt and Philip Garnock-Jones described P. udicola in 2012. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, seeds uniform, ellipsoid and 1–4 per capsule, edges of bracts sparsely hairy, edges of sepals with isolated hairs at the apex only, and a chromosome number of 2n = 96 (dodecaploid). It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia caespitosa</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia caespitosa, or creeping mountain foxglove, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. caespitosa in 1853. Plants of this species of New Zealand foxglove are perennial herbs that are mostly glabrous (hairless), with trilobed or irregularly notched leaves that are tightly packed along a creeping stem. It is listed as Not Threatened.

References

  1. 1 2 "Flora of New Zealand". www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  2. ↑ "Plantago novae-zelandiae". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Meudt, Heidi (June 2012). "A taxonomic revision of native New Zealand Plantago (Plantaginaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 50 (2): 101–178. Bibcode:2012NZJB...50..101M. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2012.671179.
  4. ↑ "Holotype of Plantago novae-zelandiae (WELT SP002310)". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  5. ↑ Spence, John R.; Sykes, W. R. (1 October 1989). "Are Plantago novae-zelandiae L Moore and P. lanigera Hook. f. (Plantaginaceae) different?". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 27 (4): 499–502. Bibcode:1989NZJB...27..499S. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1989.10414134.
  6. ↑ Groves, B. E.; Hair, J. B. (1971). "Contributions to a Chromosome Atlas of the New Zealand Flora—15 Miscellaneous Families". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 9 (4): 569–575. Bibcode:1971NZJB....9..569G. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430222.
  7. 1 2 Tay, Mei Lin; Meudt, Heidi; Garnock-Jones, Philip John; Ritchie, Peter (1 January 2010). "DNA sequences from three genomes reveal multiple long-distance dispersals and non-monophyly of sections in Australasian Plantago (Plantaginaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 23 (1): 47. doi: 10.1071/SB09040 .
  8. ↑ Tay, Mei Lin; Meudt, Heidi; Garnock-Jones, Philip John; Ritchie, Peter (2010). "Testing species limits of New Zealand Plantago (Plantaginaceae) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 48 (3–4): 205–224. Bibcode:2010NZJB...48..205T. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2010.518318.
  9. 1 2 Meudt, Heidi (1 February 2011). "Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Data Reveal a History of Auto- and Allopolyploidy in New Zealand Endemic Species of Plantago (Plantaginaceae): New Perspectives on a Taxonomically Challenging Group". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 172 (2): 220–237. doi:10.1086/657657.
  10. ↑ Hassemer, Gustavo; Bruun-Lund, Sam; Shipunov, Aleksey Borisovich; Briggs, Barbara G.; Meudt, Heidi; Rønsted, Nina (18 May 2019). "The application of high-throughput sequencing for taxonomy: The case of Plantago subg. Plantago (Plantaginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 138: 156–173. doi: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2019.05.013 . PMID   31112781.
  11. ↑ Ahlstrand, Natalie Iwanycki; Verstraete, Brecht; Hassemer, Gustavo; Dunbar-Co, S.; Hoggard, R.; Meudt, Heidi; Rønsted, Nina (15 March 2019). "Ancestral range reconstruction of remote oceanic island species of Plantago (Plantaginaceae) reveals differing scales and modes of dispersal". Journal of Biogeography. 46 (4): 706–722. Bibcode:2019JBiog..46..706I. doi:10.1111/JBI.13525. PMC   6559316 . PMID   31217659.
  12. ↑ Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 1–86. OCLC   1041649797.
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