Plantago princeps

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Plantago princeps
Plantago princeps laxifolia starr.jpg
Plantago princeps var. laxifolia
Status TNC G1.svg
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Plantago
Species:
P. princeps
Binomial name
Plantago princeps

Plantago princeps is a rare species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name ale. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from the islands of Hawaii, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and Maui. [1] Like other Hawaiian Plantago , it is known as kuahiwi laukahi, or laukahi kuahiwi. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

This is a large perennial herb or a shrub. The hairy leaves are up to 30 centimeters long by 5 wide and are borne on winged petioles. The inflorescence is a spike of flowers on an erect scape. The tiny flowers are a few millimeters wide. [1] Although the taxonomy is not certain, most authors divide the species into four varieties: var. anomala, var. laxifolia, var. longibracteata, and var. princeps. [2]

This plant grows in moist and wet forested habitat types, sometimes on steep cliffs and near waterfalls. [1] The var. anomala is native to Kauai, where there have been fewer than 100 plants counted. The var. laxifolia is known from Molokai, where its numbers have recently dwindled and none were found in a recent search. This variety is also found on Maui, where there are seven small populations, or perhaps fewer. It once grew on the island of Hawaii, but it has not been noted there in over a century. The var. longibracteata is native to Kauai and there have been several thousand plants counted recently. It once grew on Oahu but it has apparently been extirpated from that island. The var. princeps is native to Oahu where there are fewer than 100 individuals scattered in several different locations. [2]

This plant is threatened by feral ungulates such as pigs and goats, introduced species of plants invading its habitat, [1] and downy mildew disease [3] caused by Peronospora kuewa . [4]

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  17. Phyllostegia manniiSherff - Molokai, Maui
  18. Phyllostegia micranthaH.St.John - Oahu
  19. Phyllostegia mollisBenth. - Hawaiian Islands
  20. Phyllostegia parvifloraBenth. - Hawaiian Islands
  21. Phyllostegia pilosaH.St.John - Hawaiian Islands
  22. Phyllostegia racemosaBenth. - Hawaiian Islands
  23. Phyllostegia renovansW.L.Wagner - Kauai
  24. †Phyllostegia rockiiSherff - Maui but extinct
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  26. †Phyllostegia tahitensisNadeaud - Tahiti but extinct
  27. Phyllostegia tongaensisH.St.John - Tonga
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  31. Phyllostegia waimeaeWawra - Kauai
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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Plantago princeps. The Nature Conservancy.
  2. 1 2 Plantago princeps Five-year Review. Ecos.fws.gov, August 2010
  3. ↑ "CHAPTER 4: RARE PLANT MANAGEMENT" (PDF). Pcsuhawaii.org. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  4. ↑ Davis, William J.; Ko, Mann; Ocenar, Jordie R.; Romberg, Megan K.; Thines, Marco; Crouch, Jo Anne (2021). "Peronospora kuewa, sp. Nov., a new downy mildew species infecting the endangered Hawaiian plant Plantago princeps var. Princeps". Mycologia. 113 (3): 643–652. doi:10.1080/00275514.2021.1872869. PMID   33734033. S2CID   232301844.
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