Pooideae

Pooideae
Quaking grass ( Briza media )
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Clade:	BOP clade
Subfamily:	Pooideae Benth.
Subdivisions
See text.

The Pooideae are the largest subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, with about 4,000 species in 15 tribes and roughly 200 genera. They include some major cereals such as wheat, barley, oat, rye and many lawn and pasture grasses. They are often referred to as cool-season grasses, because they are distributed in temperate climates. ^[1] All of them use the C₃ photosynthetic pathway.

The Pooideae are the sister group of the bamboos within the BOP clade, and are themselves subdivided into 15 tribes. ^[1]

Evolutionary history

Pooidae started diversifying in the Late Eocene, and their radiation was especially intense during the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. ^[2]

Phylogeny

Relationships of tribes in the Pooideae according to a 2017 phylogenetic classification, also showing the bamboos as sister group: ^[1]

	bamboos (Bambusoideae)
Pooideae	Brachyelytreae Nardodae Lygeeae Nardeae Duthieeae Phaenospermateae Melicodae Brylkinieae Meliceae Stipodae Stipeae Ampelodesmeae Diarrheneae "core Pooideae" Brachypodieae Triticodae Littledaleae Bromeae Triticeae Poodae Poeae chloroplast group 1 Torreyochloinae Phalaridinae Anthoxanthinae Aveninae Agrostidinae Brizinae Echinopogoninae Agrostideae Calothecinae (Aveninae type) chloroplast group 2 Coleanthinae Poodinae Miliinae Poinae Phleinae Beckmanniinae Cinninae Alopecurinae Ventenatinae Sesleriinae Holcinae Scolochloinae Airinae Aristaveninae Loliodinae Loliinae Dactylidinae Cynosurinae Parapholiinae Ammochloinae (Poinae type)

References

1. Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Teisher, Jordan K.; Clark, Lynn G.; Barberá, Patricia; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. (2017). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 55 (4): 259–290. doi: 10.1111/jse.12262 . hdl: 10261/240149 . ISSN   1674-4918.
2. Pimentel, Manuel; Escudero, Marcial; Sahuquillo, Elvira; Minaya, Miguel Ángel; Catalán, Pilar (22 September 2017). "Are diversification rates and chromosome evolution in the temperate grasses (Pooideae) associated with major environmental changes in the Oligocene-Miocene?". PeerJ . 5: e3815. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3815 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   5611942 . PMID   28951814.