Prestonella

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Prestonella
Prestonella nuptialis shell.png
Drawing of abapertural view of a shell of Prestonella nuptialis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia

clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora

informal group

Contents

Sigmurethra
Superfamily:
Orthalicoidea
Family:
Bothriembryontidae
Subfamily:
Prestonellinae

van Bruggen, Herbert & Breure, 2016 [1]
Genus:
Prestonella

Connolly, 1929 [2]
Diversity [3]
3 species
Synonyms

Prestonellidae van Bruggen, 1978 [4] (n.a.)

Prestonella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Bothriembryontidae. [5]

Taxonomy

Prestonellidae (as a not available name) was tentatively placed as a synonym of Aillyidae in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. [6] Prestonella is the type genus of the family Prestonellidae, [6] but Prestonellidae is not an available name, because it has no diagnosis. [6] Prestonella was considered as the only genus in the family Prestonellidae.[ citation needed ]

Herbert (2007) [3] has classified Prestonella in Bulimulidae sensu lato within Orthalicoidea. [3]

Herbert & Mitchell (2009) [7] have classified Prestonella, for which the phylogenetic relationships were previously unknown, in the superfamily Orthalicoidea. [7]

Breure et al. (2010) [8] moved Prestonella to Placostylidae, [8] that Breure & Romero (2012) [5] renamed to Bothriembryontidae. [5]

Prestonellinae was formally described as a new subfamily within Bothriembryontidae in 2016. [1] Prestonellinae contains three genera: Prestonella Connolly, 1929, Discoleus Breure, 1978 and Plectostylus Beck, 1837. [1] Prestonella is the type genus of the subfamily Prestonellinae. [1]

Distribution

This genus is endemic to South Africa [9] and Lesotho. [10] It occurs in the southern edge of the Great Escarpment in southern Africa. [3]

Prestonella has a relict distribution in the south of the southern Africa [10] and it is the only Recent African member of Bulimulidae s.l. [11] Its distribution is highly fragmented. [11]

Ecology

Prestonella lives in forest and Nama Karoo (semi-desert) biomes. [10] It is very specialized in habitat requirements and it inhabits only two types of relictual habitats: vertical-rocks above running water and moist shaded cliffs facing to the south. [11] Prestonella occurs in the elevation 838–1680 m above sea level. [10] There are two rainfall seasons in the area per year. [10] It has been found in 2011, that genetic diversity in the populations of Prestonella is lower in dryer areas. [11] Global warming would probably have serious negative impact on Prestonella species. [11]

Species

There are three [3] species in the genus Prestonella:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stylommatophora</span> Order of gastropods

Stylommatophora is an order of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs. Stylommatophorans lack an operculum, but some close their shell apertures with temporary "operculum" (epiphragm) made of calcified mucus. They have two pairs of retractile tentacles, the upper pair of which bears eyes on the tentacle tips. All stylommatophorans are hermaphrodites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulimulidae</span> Family of gastropods

Bulimulidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, air-breathing, tropical and sub-tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

<i>Placostylus</i> Genus of gastropods

Placostylus, or flax snails, are a genus of very large, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Bothriembryontidae.

<i>Bulimulus</i> Genus of gastropods

Bulimulus is a genus of small to medium-sized tropical or sub-tropical, air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bulimulinae within the family Bulimulidae.

<i>Bothriembryon</i> Genus of gastropods

Bothriembryon is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orthalicidae</span> Family of gastropods

Orthalicidae are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the subfamily Orthalicoidea of the order Stylommatophora.

Aillyidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bothriembryontidae</span> Family of gastropods

Bothriembryontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerionidae</span> Family of gastropods

Cerionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphibulimidae</span> Family of gastropods

Amphibulimidae is a taxonomic family of land snails, semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orthalicoidea</span> Superfamily of gastropods

The Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Orthalicoidei of the suborder Helicina

<i>Hyperaulax</i> Genus of gastropods

Hyperaulax is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Odontostomidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen</span> Dutch biologist (1929–2016)

Adolph Cornelis 'Dolf' van Bruggen was a Dutch malacologist, entomologist, and botanist. His interest in the tropics and tropical Africa has dominated his broad scientific interest for more than 50 years now. He was an expert especially in the land snail families Streptaxidae, Achatinidae and Maizaniidae. As of 2008, he had authored some 655 scientific publications.

<i>Amphibulima</i> Genus of gastropods

Amphibulima is a genus of air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Amphibulimidae.

Bostryx edmundi is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bulimulidae.

<i>Prestonella nuptialis</i> Species of gastropod

Prestonella nuptialis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bothriembryontidae.

<i>Prestonella bowkeri</i> Species of gastropod

Prestonella bowkeri is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Bothriembryontidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Odontostomidae</span> Family of gastropods

Odontostomidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, air-breathing, tropical and sub-tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simpulopsidae</span> Family of gastropods

Simpulopsidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bruggen A. C. van, Herbert D. G. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "Prestonellinae – validation of the name as a new subfamily of Bothriembryontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea)". Zootaxa 4084: 590–592.
  2. ↑ Connolly M. (1929). "New non-marine mollusca from South Africa" Annals of the Natal Museum 6(2): 1-660; page 292-293, plate 9, figures 25, 29.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Herbert D. G. (2007). "Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna". African Invertebrates 48(2): 1-19. abstract Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine .
  4. ↑ van Bruggen A. C. (1978). "Land molluscs". pp. 877-923. In: Werger ed. Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa [Monographiae Biologicae 31] Junk, the Hague. (2): 893.
  5. 1 2 3 Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. doi : 10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020.
  6. 1 2 3 Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia . Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN   3-925919-72-4. ISSN   0076-2997.
  7. 1 2 Herbert D. G. & Mitchell A. (2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic land snail genus Prestonella: the missing African element in the Gondwanan superfamily Orthalicoidea (Mollusca: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 96(1): 203-221. doi : 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01109.x.
  8. 1 2 Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.
  9. ↑ Breure B. (23 February 2008) "The extended family". Bram's Snail Site, accessed 7 April 2011.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Govender V. (2007). "Patterns of Distribution, Diversity and Endemism of Terrestrial Molluscs in South Africa". Thesis. School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal. 219 pp. PDF.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fearon J. L., Barker N. P. & Herbert D. G. (2011). "The genetic diversity and conservation biology of the rare terrestrial snail genus Prestonella". Proceedings of the Congresses of the Southern African Society for Systematic Biology Organised by the Southern African Society for Systematic Biology Grahamstown 19-21st January 2011, ISSN   2219-410X, page 36. PDF.
  12. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (1999). "Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 3: Partulidae, Aillyidae, Bulimulidae, Orthalicidae, Megaspiridae, Urocoptidae". Ruthenica (Suppl. 2): 272.

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