Pyrolirion

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Fire lilies
Flame lilies
1724 Pyrolirion arvense.jpg
golden flame lily
( Pyrolirion arvense ) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Eustephieae
Genus: Pyrolirion
Herb.
Synonyms [2]

Leucothauma Ravenna

Pyrolirion, commonly known as fire lilies or flame lilies, is a small genus of herbaceous, bulb-forming South American plants in the Amaryllis family, native to Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. [3] [4]

Contents

Description

Pyrolirion have thin linear leaves that may be pointed at the tips. The flowers, which can vary in coloration, are borne erect on solitary hollow scapes. The perigone is funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube that flares out abruptly to star-like radially arranged (actinomorphic) petals. Small scale-like "paraperigone" may be present at the base. [5]

The stamens arise from or below the throat. The style has three branches at the tip with spoon-shaped (spatulate) stigmas. The seeds are laterally compressed, colored black with white seams (raphe). [5]

Systematics

The genus Pyrolirion was first established by the British botanist William Herbert in 1837. [6] The name Pyrolirion is from Greek πῦρ (pyr, "fire") and λείριον (leirion, "lily"). It is named after the flame-like colors of the flowers of Pyrolirion arvense (the golden flame lily). [7] [8]

Pyrolirion is classified under the tribe Eustephieae of the subfamily Amaryllidoideae, family Amaryllidaceae. It was previously sometimes considered by some authors as a subgenus of Zephyranthes (rain lilies), but DNA sequencing has shown that it is a distinct genus more closely related to the genera Chlidanthus , Eustephia , and Hieronymiella in the tribe Eustephieae than to members of the tribe Hippeastreae. [9] [10]

Species

The species-level classification of Pyrolirion is unclear and in need of further study. The following are accepted at present (April 2015) [2] [11] [12]

  1. Pyrolirion albicans Herb. - Perú (Arequipa)
  2. Pyrolirion arvense (F.Dietr.) - Perú (Cusco, Lima)
  3. Pyrolirion boliviense (Baker) Sealy - Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)
  4. Pyrolirion cutleri (Cárdenas) Ravenna - Bolivia (Cochabamba)
  5. Pyrolirion flavum Herb. - Perú (Cusco, Lima)
  6. Pyrolirion huantae Ravenna - Perú
  7. Pyrolirion tarahuasicum Ravenna - Perú
  8. Pyrolirion tubiflorum (L'Hér.) M.Roem. - Perú, Chile

Related Research Articles

<i>Hippeastrum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Hippeastrum is a genus of about 90 species and over 600 hybrids and cultivars of perennial herbaceous bulbous plants. They generally have large fleshy bulbs and tall broad leaves, generally evergreen, and large red or purple flowers.

<i>Eucharis</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Eucharis is a genus of about 15–20 species of neotropical plants in the Amaryllis family, native to Central America and South America, from Guatemala south to Bolivia. Some species have become naturalized in Mexico, the West Indies, and scattered tropical islands. The English name Amazon lily is sometimes used for all species in the genus, but is particularly used for Eucharis amazonica and Eucharis × grandiflora, which are often confused.

<i>Zephyranthes</i> Genus of flowering plants

Zephyranthes is a genus of temperate and tropical plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, native to the Western Hemisphere and widely cultivated as ornamentals. Following the expansion of the genus in 2019, which now includes the genera Habranthus and Sprekelia, there are about 200 recognized species, as well as numerous hybrids and cultivars. Common names for species in this genus include fairy lily, rainflower, zephyr lily, magic lily, Atamasco lily, and rain lily.

<i>Zephyranthes carinata</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes carinata, commonly known as the rosepink zephyr lily or pink rain lily, is a perennial flowering plant native to Mexico, Colombia and Central America. It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in the West Indies, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, the southeastern United States from Texas to Florida, Zimbabwe, South Africa, China, Korea, the Ryukyu Islands, Assam, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Solomon Islands, Queensland, Society Islands, Kiribati, and Caroline Islands.

<i>Sprekelia</i> Genus of plants

Sprekelia is a genus of Mesoamerican plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Sprekelia plants are sometimes called Aztec lilies or Jacobean lilies although they are not true lilies. This genus has been submerged in Zephyranthes, but as of January 2023 is accepted by Plants of the World Online with a single species, Sprekelia formosissima, endemic to Mexico.

<i>Zephyranthes robusta</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes robusta, synonym Habranthus robustus, commonly known as the Brazilian copperlily, pink fairy lily or the pink rain lily, is a species of herbaceous flowering bulb. It is native to Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, but is now naturalized in Florida, Colombia, South Africa, and Mauritius.

Habranthus (copperlily) was a formerly recognized genus of tender herbaceous flowering bulbs in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the family Amaryllidaceae. It is now included within a more broadly circumscribed genus Zephyranthes. The genus was first identified by pioneering bulb enthusiast William Herbert in 1824.

<i>Rhodophiala</i> Former genus of flowering plants

Rhodophiala was a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family. It consisted of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially, in Chile. Most of the species are known colloquially as añañuca. It has now been submerged in Zephyranthes.

<i>Rhodolirium</i> Genus of flowers

Rhodolirium is a small South American genus in the tribe Hippeastreae of the family Amaryllidaceae. Although originally described by Philippi in 1858 it has long remained buried in other taxa, principally Hippeastrum and more recently Rhodophiala. Only in recent years has it been rehabilitated.

Mastigostyla is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1928. The entire group is endemic to South America. The genus name is derived from the Greek words mastigos, meaning "whip", and stylos, meaning "style".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zephyranthinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Zephyranthinae was a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belonged to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). They are generally small plants with solitary flowers. Spathes are fused forming a tube surrounding the pedicel of the flower. Most of its members were commonly known as rain lilies. It included four genera:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastreae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally. The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic chromosome numbers are x= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.

<i>Stenomesson</i> Genus of plants

Stenomesson is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. All the species are native to western South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastrinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Hippeastrinae is a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belongs to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).

<i>Phycella</i> Genus of flowering plants

Phycella is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gilliesieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Gilliesieae is a tribe of herbaceous geophyte plants belonging to the subfamily Allioideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Described in 1826, it contains fifteen genera and about eighty species. It has been variously treated as a subfamily or tribe. It is native to the Southern United States, Central and South America, predominantly Chile. Of the three tribes of genera that make up the subfamily Allioideae, Gilliesieae is the largest and most variable. The tribe was divided into two tribes in 2014, Gilliesiae s.s. and Leucocoryneae, based on differences in floral symmetry and septal nectaries.

<i>Hippeastrum mirum</i> Species of bulb

Hippeastrum mirum is a species of herbaceous perennial bulbous flowering plants in the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It was formerly treated as Tocantinia mira, the only species in the monotypic genus Tocantinia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Famatina (plant)</span> Genus of flowering plants

Famatina was a small genus of South American bulbous plants identified by the Chilean botanist Ravenna in 1972. Five species have been described. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggested the genus was polyphyletic, and species have been moved to other genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eustephieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eustephieae is a tribe, where it forms part of the Andean clade, one of two American clades.

References

  1. 1835 illustration from Edwards's Botanical Register; Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens; with their History and Mode of Treatment. London 20: t. 1724. As Pyrolirion aureum
  2. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Herbert, William 1821. Appendix to Botanical Register, page 37
  4. Tropicos, Pyrolirion Herb.
  5. 1 2 A.W. Meerow & D.A. Snijman (1998). "Amaryllidaceae". In Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Vol. III. Springer. p. 103. ISBN   978-3-540-64060-8.
  6. William Herbert (1863). Amaryllidaceae: preceded by an attempt to arrange the monocotyledonous orders, and followed by a treatise on cross-bred vegetables, and supplement. James Ridgway & Sons. pp. 183–185.
  7. David H. McNicoll (1863). Dictionary of natural history terms with their derivations: including the various orders, genera, and species. Lovell Reeve & Co. p.  435. Pyrolirion.
  8. David Gledhill (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press. p. 322. ISBN   978-0-521-86645-3.
  9. "Hippeastreae" (in French). Amaryllidaceae.org, Société Française des Iris et plantes Bulbeuses (SFIB). Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  10. "Pyrolirion". Pacific Bulb Society. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  11. "Pyrolirion" (in French). Amaryllidaceae.org, Société Française des Iris et plantes Bulbeuses (SFIB). Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  12. "Pyrolirion". The Plant List: A working list of all plant species. Retrieved November 29, 2011.