Quercus semecarpifolia

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Quercus semecarpifolia
Quercus semecarpifolia kz04.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Cerris
Section: Quercus sect. Ilex
Species:
Q. semecarpifolia
Binomial name
Quercus semecarpifolia
Sm.
Synonyms [2]
  • Quercus cassuraBuch.-Ham. ex D.Don
  • Quercus obtusifoliaD.Don

Quercus semecarpifolia is an Asian species of oak. It is native to the Himalayas and nearby mountains in Tibet, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, [3] where it is referred to as kharsu. [4] It is classified in subgenus Cerris, section Ilex. [5] [6]

Contents

Quercus semecarpifolia is an evergreen tree up to 30 metres (98 feet) tall. The leaves are up to 12 centimetres (4+34 inches) long, with a few teeth along the sides but rounded at the tip. [3] [7] It has been grown in middle Europe, Western Germany, winter-hardiness zone 7, withstanding -14 °C, without any damages. It gives a good, showy bush to small tree with lush green leaves. The epithet semecarpifolia refers to a resemblance between the leaves of this species and those of Semecarpus anacardium. [7]

In its native range, it serves as a keystone species, exhibiting up to 80% dominance at elevations between 2700 and 3300 meters. [4] In areas where less degradation has occurred, Q. semecarpifolia reduces light at the forest floor, encouraging the growth of shade tolerant herbaceous species. [4] Local people make use of kharsu more frequently than other native oaks for food, animal fodder, fuel, and timber. [8] Its leaves are also known to support Antheraea proylei silk worms, goats, [9] and prevent slug infestations. [4]

Fossil record

Fossils of Quercus semecarpifolia have been described from the fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district in Turkey, which is of early Pliocene age. [10]

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<i>Quercus phillyreoides</i> Species of plant

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<i>Quercus leucotrichophora</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus leucotrichophora is a tree belonging to Family Fagaceae; commonly known as Banjh oak, Banj oak (Uttarakhand) and Ban oak (Himachal). In Nepal, it is known as Banjhi, Rainj, Khasarant, Tikhe bhanjh in standard Nepali and Sulsing in Tamang language. It is classified in subgenus Cerris, section Ilex. Some authors named it as Quercus incana Roxburgh, which is now treated as a synonym.

Quercus albicaulis is a rare Chinese species of oak. It is a tree found only on the island of Hainan in southern China.

Quercus delavayi is an Asian species of trees in the beech family. It has been found only in southern China, in the Provinces of Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guangxi. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus hypargyrea is an Asian species of tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to south-central and southeast China, in particular the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, and Sichuan. It has incorrectly been known as Quercus multinervis, which is properly the name of a fossil species. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus oxyodon is a tree species in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to the Himalayas and to the mountains of southern China and the Sa Pa region of northern Vietnam. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus setulosa is the accepted name of an oak species in genus Quercus of the family Fagaceae. It is now placed in section Ilex of subgenus Cerris.

<i>Quercus annulata</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Quercus griffithii</i> Species of plant in the genus Quercus

Quercus griffithii, called paisang, is a species of oak native to the eastern Himalayas, Tibet, south-central and southeast China, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. It is in the subgenus Quercus, section Quercus. Some authorities feel that it could be a synonym of Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata. It is a deciduous tree reaching 25 metres with an oblong crown, typically found from 700 to 2,800 m above sea level. It is a locally important fuelwood and fodder species.

Quercus pannosa is a species of oak native to south-central China. An evergreen tree or shrub, it is found at very high elevations, flourishing at up to 4,270 metres above sea level. It is classified in subgenus Cerris, section Ilex.

<i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Quercus</i> Subgenus of plants

Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification. It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.

<i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Cerris</i>

Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification. It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.

References

  1. Qin, H. (2020). "Quercus semecarpifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  2. "Quercus semecarpifolia Sm.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. 1 2 Huang, Chengjiu; Zhang, Yongtian; Bartholomew, Bruce. "Quercus semecarpifolia". Flora of China. Vol. 4 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Rawat, Balwant; Rawat, Janhvi M.; Purohit, Sumit; Singh, Gajendra; Sharma, Pradeep Kumar; Chandra, Anup; Shabaaz Begum, J. P.; Venugopal, Divya; Jaremko, Mariusz; Qureshi, Kamal A. (2022). "A comprehensive review of Quercus semecarpifolia Sm.: An ecologically and commercially important Himalayan tree". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.961345 . hdl: 10754/681751 . ISSN   2296-701X.
  5. Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1 . Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  6. Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns", in Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L, Tree Physiology, vol. 7, Cham.: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2, ISBN   978-3-319-69099-5
  7. 1 2 Smith, James Edward in Rees. 1814 The cyclopædia; or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature. volume 29, pages not numbered, Quercus number 20
  8. Singh, Amit; Samant, S. S.; Naithani, Suneet (2021-09-01). "Population ecology and habitat suitability modelling of Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. in the sub-alpine ecosystem of Great Himalayan National Park, north-western Himalaya, India". South African Journal of Botany. 141: 158–170. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2021.04.022 . ISSN   0254-6299.
  9. Raju, J.; Sahoo, B.; Chandrakar, A.; Sankar, M.; Garg, A. K.; Sharma, A. K.; Pandey, A. B. (2015-04-01). "Effect of feeding oak leaves (Quercus semecarpifolia vs Quercus leucotricophora) on nutrient utilization, growth performance and gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in temperate sub Himalayas". Small Ruminant Research. 125: 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.12.013 . ISSN   0921-4488.
  10. Kasaplıgil, Baki (1977). "Ankara, Kızılcahamam yakınındaki Güvem köyü civarında bulunan son tersiyer kozalaklı-yeşil yapraklı ormanı" [A Late-Tertiary Conifer-Hardwood Forest From the Vicinity of Güvem Village, Near Kızılcahamam, Ankara](PDF). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (in Turkish and English). Ankara: General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. 88: 94-102.