Quercus turbinella

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Quercus turbinella
Quercus turbinella in central Arziona .jpg
Quercus turbinella.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Quercus
Section: Quercus sect. Quercus
Species:
Q. turbinella
Binomial name
Quercus turbinella
Quercus turbinella range map 1.png
Natural range
Synonyms [3]
List
    • Quercus dumosa subsp. turbinella (Greene) A.E.Murray (1983)
    • Quercus dumosa var. turbinella (Greene) Jeps. (1910)
    • Quercus subturbinella Trel.(1924)
Quercus turbinella Quercus turbinella in central Arziona .jpg
Quercus turbinella

Quercus turbinella is a North American species of oak known by the common names shruboak, turbinella oak, shrub live oak, and gray oak. [4] [5] [6] It is native to Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Nevada in the western United States. [4] It also occurs in northern Mexico. [7]

Contents

Arizona shrub oak acorns. Quercus turbinella. Quercus turbinella acorns. Common name Arizona shrub oak..jpg
Arizona shrub oak acorns. Quercus turbinella.

Description

Quercus turbinella is a shrub growing 2–5 metres (6+1216+12 feet) in height but sometimes becoming treelike and exceeding 6 m (20 ft). The branches are gray or brown, the twigs often coated in short woolly fibers when young and becoming scaly with age. The thick, leathery evergreen leaves are up to 3 centimetres (1+14 inches) long by 2 cm (34 in) wide and are edged with large, spine-tipped teeth. They are gray-green to yellowish in color and waxy in texture on the upper surfaces, and yellowish and hairy or woolly and glandular on the lower surfaces. The males catkins are yellowish-green and the female flowers are in short spikes in the leaf axils, appearing at the same time as the new growth of leaves. The fruit is a yellowish brown acorn up to two centimeters long with a shallow warty cup about a centimeter wide. [7] This oak reproduces sexually via its acorns if there is enough moisture present, but more often it reproduces vegetatively by sprouting from its rhizome and root crown. [6] [4]

Distribution

Quercus turbinella has been found in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, southern California, and western Texas, as well as Baja California. [8] [5] In California, it occurs in the New York mountains and a few eastern California desert ranges. The populations on the desert mountains in the western Mojave desert and the inner coastal ranges are now considered Quercus john-tuckeri . [9] [10] It grows in woodland, chaparral, forest, and other habitat. It is most common in chaparral habitat in central Arizona, [6] through the transition zone of the Mogollon Rim White Mountains, but also southeast Arizona in the Madrean Sky Island mountain ranges of sky islands. [11]

Ecology

Quercus turbinella easily hybridizes with other oak species, including Quercus gambelii , Q. havardii , Q. arizonica , and Q. grisea . [6] Many species of animals use it for food, with wild and domesticated ungulates browsing the foliage and many birds and mammals eating the acorns. [6] Animals also use the shrub as cover, and mountain lions hide their kills in the thickets. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Quercus chrysolepis</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Quercus dumosa</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Quercus vacciniifolia</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Eriophyllum pringlei</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Quercus cornelius-mulleri</i> Species of tree

Quercus cornelius-mulleri is a North American species of oak known by the common name Muller oak, or Muller's oak. It was described to science in 1981 when it was segregated from the Quercus dumosa complex and found to warrant species status of its own. It was named after ecologist Cornelius Herman Muller. It is native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in chaparral, oak woodlands, and other habitat in foothills and mountains. It can most easily be observed in Joshua Tree National Park and in the woodlands along the western margins of the Colorado Desert in San Diego County, California.

<i>Quercus john-tuckeri</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus john-tuckeri is a North American species of oak known by the common name Tucker oak, or Tucker's oak. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the chaparral and oak woodlands of mountain slopes in the western Transverse Ranges, the southernmost Central Coast Ranges, and the margins of the Mojave Desert. The species is named after John M. Tucker, professor of botany (1947–1986) at the University of California at Davis, specialist in Quercus.

<i>Quercus palmeri</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Quercus pacifica</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus pacifica is a species of oak known by the common names island scrub oak, Channel Island scrub oak, and Pacific oak.

<i>Quercus pungens</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus pungens, commonly known as the sandpaper oak or scrub oak, is a North American species evergreen or sub-evergreen shrub or small tree in the white oak group. There is one recognised variety, Quercus pungens var. vaseyana, the Vasey shin oak. Sandpaper oak hybridizes with gray oak in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas.

<i>Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus</i> Species of flowering plant

Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name rayless goldenhead. It is native to the southwestern United States, where it occurs in southern California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, and Arizona.

<i>Quercus ajoensis</i> Species of shrub

Quercus ajoensis is an uncommon North American shrub with the common name Ajo Mountain shrub oak. It has been found in Arizona mountain ranges of the Colorado desert, and Arizona uplands of the Sonoran desert. Q. ajoensis integrates with Q. turbinella and is difficult to determine specimen identification due to hybridization. It appears that this species is an elevation variant of Q. turbinella and is best treated as a subspecies or variety as it has been treated in the past. The status of Q. ajoensis as a species is probably unnecessary due to complete integration with Q. turbinella or it being a low elevation variant of Q. turbinella.

References

  1. Beckman, E. (2016). "Quercus turbinella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T194242A2305742. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T194242A2305742.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. NatureServe (2024). "Quercus turbinella". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  3. "Quercus turbinella Greene". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus turbinella". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. 1 2 "Quercus turbinella". Calflora. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tirmenstein, D. (1999). "Quercus turbinella". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
  7. 1 2 Virginia Tech: Shrub live oak Archived May 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Quercus turbinella". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  9. Calflora
  10. SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos, description, interactive distribution map
  11. Little Jr., Elbert L. (1976). "Map 147, Quercus turbinella". Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 3 (Minor Western Hardwoods). US Government Printing Office. LCCN   79-653298. OCLC   4053799.