RITM-200

Last updated
RITM-200
Generation Generation III+ reactor
Reactor concept Pressurized water reactor
Reactor typesRITM-200 [1]

RITM-200S [2]
RITM-200N [3]
RITM-200M [4]
RITM-400 [5]

RITM-400M [6]
Statusoperational
Main parameters of the reactor core
Fuel (fissile material) 235U (LEU)
Fuel stateSolid
Neutron energy spectrum Thermal
Primary control methodControl rods
Primary moderator Water
Primary coolantLiquid (light water)
Reactor usage
Primary useGeneration of electricity and propulsion
Power (thermal)RITM-200: 175  MWth [7]

RITM-200S: 198  MWth [8]
RITM-200N: 190  MWth [9]
RITM-200M: 198  MWth [10]
RITM-400: 315  MWth [11]

RITM-400M:

Contents

 340  MWth [12]
Power (electric)RITM-200: 55  MWe
RITM-400: 120  MWe

The RITM-200 is an integrated Generation III+ pressurized water reactor developed by OKBM Afrikantov and designed to produce 55 MWe. [13] [14] The design is an improvement of KLT-40S reactor. It uses up to 20% enriched uranium-235 and can be refueled every 10 years for a 60 year planned lifespan in floating power plant installation. [15] If installed in a stationary power plant the fuel cycle is 6 years.

The RITM-200 has a compact integrated layout placing equipment within the steam generator casing, halving system weight compared to earlier designs and improving ability to operate in rolling and pitching seas. [16]

It powers the Project 22220 icebreakers, the first of which went critical in October 2019. [17] [18] Since 2012, ten RITM‑200 reactors have been manufactured for five Russian Project 22220 multi-purpose nuclear icebreakers. Six reactors are installed on the Arktika, Sibir and Ural icebreakers, which are already in operation. Construction of the other two, Yakutia and Chukotka, is nearing completion. [19]

In November 2020 Rosatom announced plans to place a land-based RITM-200N [20] SMR in isolated Ust-Kuyga town in Yakutia. [21] The reactor will replace current coal and oil based electricity and heat generation at half the price. [22] In April 2023, a license was given for a pilot RITM-200N plant to be built near the village of Ust-Kuiga, with commissioning planned for 2028. [23]

RITM‑200M reactors will also be installed on the floating power units to supply power to the Baimsky GOK mining site in Chukotka. [19] They are planned to be put in operation in 2029. [24]

The volume of investments in the project was estimated at RUB900bn ($10bn). However, Georgy Fotin, Director General of Baimskaya Management Company, said in April, that the assessment had been revised upwards and some RUB170bn had already been invested.

The Baim project will be supplied with electricity using the new FNPPs of the PEB-106 project, designed for operation in the Far North and Far East. They will use the new RITM-200S reactors, which will supply 106 MWe to consumers. Their service life is 40 years and the interval between refuelling is five years. The units will be held in place by rigid mooring devices, which make it possible to compensate for the movement of the power units from the ebb and flow. The power generated by the power unit is transmitted to the shore using 50 high-voltage cables. Three main floating power units and one reserve unit will be installed, which will be used during the repair of the main units. [25]

Export

On May 27, 2024, Rosatom signed a contract to construct a 330 MW nuclear power plant in Uzbekistan's Jizzakh Region, featuring six 55 MWe RITM-200N small modular reactors. [19] [26] [27]

RITM-400

RITM-400 is a project of a pressurised water reactor with a planned capacity of 80 to 90 MW. The reactor is being developed by OKBM Afrikantov, a nuclear engineering company that is part of Rosatom. [28]

As of November 2023, Nornickel and Rosatom were considering the possibility of setting up low-capacity nuclear power plants to supply energy to the Norilsk Industrial District. A high-tech project of a low-capacity nuclear power plant based on the latest RITM-400 reactor unit may be considered as a priority.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear-powered icebreaker</span> Type of ship

A nuclear-powered icebreaker is an icebreaker with an onboard nuclear power plant that produces power for the vessel's propulsion system. Although more expensive to operate, nuclear-powered icebreakers provide a number of advantages over their diesel-powered counterparts, especially along the Northern Sea Route where heavy power demand associated with icebreaking, limited refueling infrastructure along the Siberian coast, and endurance required make diesel-powered icebreaker operations challenging. As of 2023, Russia is the only country that builds and operates nuclear-powered icebreakers, having built a number of such vessels to aid shipping along the Northern Sea Route and Russian arctic outposts since the Soviet era.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Sea Route</span> Shipping route running along the Russian Arctic coast

The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is a shipping route about 5,600 kilometres (3,500 mi) long. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is the shortest shipping route between the western part of Eurasia and the Asia-Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear marine propulsion</span> Propulsion system for marine vessels utilizing a nuclear powerplant

Nuclear marine propulsion is propulsion of a ship or submarine with heat provided by a nuclear reactor. The power plant heats water to produce steam for a turbine used to turn the ship's propeller through a gearbox or through an electric generator and motor. Nuclear propulsion is used primarily within naval warships such as nuclear submarines and supercarriers. A small number of experimental civil nuclear ships have been built.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosatom</span> Russian state-owned nuclear technologies company

State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, also known as Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation,, or Rosatom State Corporation, is a Russian state corporation headquartered in Moscow that specializes in nuclear energy, nuclear non-energy goods and high-tech products. It was established in 2007 and comprises more than 350 enterprises, including scientific research organizations, a nuclear weapons complex, and the world's only nuclear icebreaker fleet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear power in Russia</span>

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The KLT-40 family are nuclear fission reactors originating from OK-150 and OK-900 ship reactors. KLT-40 were developed to power the Taymyr-class icebreakers and the LASH carrier Sevmorput. They are pressurized water reactors (PWR) fueled by either 30–40% or 90% enriched uranium-235 fuel to produce 135 to 171 MW of thermal power.

Russian floating nuclear power station Type of ship

Floating nuclear power stations are vessels designed by Rosatom, the Russian state-owned nuclear energy corporation. They are self-contained, low-capacity, floating nuclear power plants. Rosatom plans to mass-produce the stations at shipbuilding facilities and then tow them to ports near locations that require electricity.

The VBER-300 is a proposed Russian pressurized water reactor of 325-MWe generating capacity designed for remote locations. The exterior containment structure is 16 meters high and the working section, built with transportable modules, weighs 1300 tonnes. The external steam plant can have a 917 MW thermal-steam only capacity, or 325 MW steam-turbine-electrical capacity, or a mixture of capacities relating to the four primary steam loops.

<i>Akademik Lomonosov</i> Russian floating nuclear power plant

Akademik Lomonosov is a non-self-propelled power barge that operates as the first Russian floating nuclear power station. The ship was named after academician Mikhail Lomonosov. It is docked in the Pevek harbour, providing heat to the town and supplying electricity to the regional Chaun-Bilibino power system. It is the world’s northernmost nuclear power plant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Small modular reactor</span> Small nuclear reactors that could be manufactured in a factory and transported on site

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">BN-800 reactor</span> Russian fast breeder nuclear reactor, operating since 2016

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">BN-1200 reactor</span> Fast breeder nuclear reactor under development in Russia

The BN-1200 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor project, under development by OKBM Afrikantov in Zarechny, Russia. The BN-1200 is based on the earlier BN-600 and especially BN-800, with which it shares a number of features. The reactor's name comes from its electrical output, nominally 1220 MWe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OKBM Afrikantov</span>

OKBM Afrikantov is a nuclear engineering company located in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It is a subsidiary of Rosatom.

<i>Arktika</i> (2016 icebreaker) Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker

Arktika is a Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg. It is the lead ship of Project 22220 icebreakers and superseded the preceding class of nuclear-powered icebreakers as the largest and most powerful icebreaker ever constructed.

Sibir is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker. Built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg, the vessel was laid down in 2015, launched in 2017, and delivered in December 2021.

<i>Ural</i> (icebreaker) Russian nuclear icebreaker

Ural is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker. Built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg, the vessel was laid down in 2016, launched in 2019 and delivered in 2022.

Yakutiya is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker currently under construction at Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg.

<i>Chukotka</i> (icebreaker) Russian nuclear icebreaker

Chukotka is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker currently under construction at Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg.

References

  1. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  2. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  3. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  4. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  5. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  6. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  7. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  8. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  9. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  10. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  11. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  12. ↑ Yurina (October 2021). "Innovative RITM Reactors for Marine and Land-Based Applications" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  13. ↑ Tracey (2024-06-26). "The RITM-200N reactor as a terrestrial unit". Nuclear Engineering International. Archived from the original on 2024-10-20. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  14. ↑ niraj (2023-12-29). "Production of all RITM-200 small modular reactors completed". Nuclear Asia. Archived from the original on 2024-10-20. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  15. ↑ "Small nuclear reactors for power and icebreaking". www.world-nuclear-news.org.
  16. ↑ "Ural icebreaker passes construction milestone". World Nuclear News. 1 August 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  17. ↑ "SMR in the Making". rosatomnewsletter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  18. ↑ "Development of nuclear fuel 'complete' for RITM-200S floating power project". World Nuclear News. Archived from the original on 2024-10-20. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  19. 1 2 3 "First SMRs for Export". rosatomnewsletter.com. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  20. ↑ "Rosatom begins development of nuclear fuel for upgraded FNPPs - Nuclear Engineering International". www.neimagazine.com. 30 December 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  21. ↑ "Rosatom plans first land-based SMR for Russian Far East : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  22. ↑ "Rosatom to begin work on land-based SMR - Nuclear Engineering International". www.neimagazine.com. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
  23. ↑ "The RITM-200N reactor as a terrestrial unit". Nuclear Engineering International. 26 June 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  24. ↑ "Atoms Grow in Appeal". rosatomnewsletter.com. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  25. ↑ Tracey (2024-06-24). "Commissioning of first floating nuclear plant for Baimsky project set for 2028". Nuclear Engineering International. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  26. ↑ "Uzbekistan SMR plant construction preparations under way". World Nuclear News. 2024-06-28. Archived from the original on 2024-10-20. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  27. ↑ "Uzatom and Rosatom launch work on SMR nuclear project in Uzbekistan | Enerdata". www.enerdata.net. 2024-09-17. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  28. ↑ "Nornickel and Rosatom to look into nuclear power potential in Norilsk - News and releases". Nornickel. Retrieved 2024-08-07.


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