Reo (deity)

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Reo is a name appearing on Latin dedications to a Lusitanian-Gallaecian deity, usually with an epithet relating to a place, such as Reo Paramaeco discovered in Lugo in Galicia. The name Reo is in the Latin dative case, for a Latinized name *Reus.

Contents

Epigraphy

Reve is considered to be a very diffused Palaeo-Hispanic deity in the Western part of the Iberian Peninsula, [1] which would indicate it was "the most popular" of the pantheon. [2] The name appears in at least 20 attestations, with variations: [3]

Interpretations

Analysing the attestations, a nominative form *Reu-s or *Revs is proposed. [23] [24]

The name Rebe is indicated as the betacist form of Reve, interpreted by Villar and Prósper as a feminine form of the theonym. [25]

Epithets

The epithet Bormanico probably derives from a river name *Bormano-, a word cognate to the name of continental Celtic deity Borvo . [26]

Apart from Reo Larauco ('Reus of Larouco') the epithets share an -aik- element interpreted as an adjectival marker [27] familiar from Lusitanian inscriptions in the dedications to Reo Paramaeco ('Reus of Paramo') Amoaego Arcunii, Anabaraeco, and Alabaraico Sulensi. [28]

The first element Reo/Reus is very similar to the name Reue appearing on the Lusitanian Cabeço das Fráguas inscription, part of which reads INDI TAVROM IFADEM REVE T..., usually interpreted as "and (or thereafter) a fertile(?) bull for Reue" with the epithet lost. Reue therefore also seems to be a dative in the Lusitanian form of the name. Reue appears again on the Ribeira da Venda inscription, including an epithet, as REVE AHARACVI - this time the deity is receiving a sacrifice of ten sheep. [29]

Etymology

Reflex of the Proto-Indo-European Sky-God

Polish scholar K. T. Witczak derives the name from earlier *diewo , suggesting that the Lusitanian language changed the Proto-Indo European d to r, making Reo a sky deity similar to (and having a name cognate with) the Greek Zeus and Roman Jupiter, [30] something which may be supported by dedications to him near mountains which also allude to Roman Jupiter. [31]

Water deity

In another line of scholarship, other authorities such as Blázquez and Villar suggest he may have been a deity linked to rivers and that the name derives from a root meaning 'a flow' or 'current'. [32] [33] [34] [35]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Redentor, Armando (2013). "Testemunhos De Reve No Ocidente Brácaro". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua n.º 13 (julio). p. 219.
  2. ↑ Witczak 1999, p. 70.
  3. ↑ Vallejo, José María (2021). "Divinidades y dedicatorias religiosas en Hispania occidental: lo que la lingüística (y otras ciencias) pueden decir sobre funciones teonímicas". In Estarán Tolosa, María José; Dupraz, Emmanuel; Aberson, Michel (eds.). Des mots pour les dieux: Dédicaces cultuelles dans les langues indigènes de la Méditerranée occidentale (in Spanish). Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien: Peter Lang. p. 287.
  4. ↑ Redentor, Armando (2013). "Testemunhos De Reve No Ocidente Brácaro". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua n.º 13 (julio). p. 220.
  5. ↑ Blázquez, José Mª. Arte Y Religión En El Mediterráneo Antiguo. Ediciones Cátedra, 2008. p. 131.
  6. ↑ López, Edelmiro Bascuas (2006). "La diosa Reve y los trasancos". Estudios mindonienses: Anuario de estudios histórico-teológicos de la diócesis de Mondoñedo-Ferrol (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 22. p. 807. ISSN   0213-4357.
  7. ↑ Redentor, Armando (2013). "Testemunhos De Reve No Ocidente Brácaro". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua n.º 13 (julio). p. 221.
  8. ↑ Blázquez, José Mª. Arte Y Religión En El Mediterráneo Antiguo. Ediciones Cátedra, 2008. p. 131.
  9. ↑ Redentor, Armando (2013). "Testemunhos De Reve No Ocidente Brácaro". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua n.º 13 (julio). p. 221.
  10. ↑ Redentor, Armando (2013). "Testemunhos De Reve No Ocidente Brácaro". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua n.º 13 (julio). p. 226.
  11. ↑ López, Edelmiro Bascuas (2006). "La diosa Reve y los trasancos". Estudios mindonienses: Anuario de estudios histórico-teológicos de la diócesis de Mondoñedo-Ferrol (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 22. p. 802. ISSN   0213-4357.
  12. ↑ Redentor, Armando (2013). "Testemunhos De Reve No Ocidente Brácaro". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua n.º 13 (julio). p. 226.
  13. ↑ Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (2000). "Los dioses soberanos y los ríos en la religión indígena de la Hispania indoeuropea". Gerión (in Spanish). 18: 194. ISSN   0213-0181.
  14. ↑ López, Edelmiro Bascuas (2006). "La diosa Reve y los trasancos". Estudios mindonienses: Anuario de estudios histórico-teológicos de la diócesis de Mondoñedo-Ferrol (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 22. p. 811. ISSN   0213-4357.
  15. ↑ López, Edelmiro Bascuas (2006). "La diosa Reve y los trasancos". Estudios mindonienses: Anuario de estudios histórico-teológicos de la diócesis de Mondoñedo-Ferrol (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 22. p. 814. ISSN   0213-4357.
  16. ↑ Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (2000). "Los dioses soberanos y los ríos en la religión indígena de la Hispania indoeuropea". Gerión (in Spanish). 18: 192. ISSN   0213-0181.
  17. ↑ Blázquez, José Mª. Arte Y Religión En El Mediterráneo Antiguo. Ediciones Cátedra, 2008. p. 131.
  18. ↑ Blázquez, José Mª. Arte Y Religión En El Mediterráneo Antiguo. Ediciones Cátedra, 2008. p. 131.
  19. ↑ Blázquez, José Mª. Arte Y Religión En El Mediterráneo Antiguo. Ediciones Cátedra, 2008. p. 131.
  20. ↑ Blázquez, José Mª. Arte Y Religión En El Mediterráneo Antiguo. Ediciones Cátedra, 2008. p. 131.
  21. ↑ Blázquez, José Mª. Arte Y Religión En El Mediterráneo Antiguo. Ediciones Cátedra, 2008. p. 131.
  22. ↑ Prósper, Blanca María; Liébana, Francisco Villar. "Nuevo epígrafe votivo dedicado a la divinidad Reve en La Coruña". In: Palaeohispánica: Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua Nº. 3, 2003, pp. 271-272. ISSN   1578-5386.
  23. ↑ Redentor, Armando (2013). "Testemunhos De Reve No Ocidente Brácaro". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua n.º 13 (julio). p. 221.
  24. ↑ Witczak 1999, p. 71.
  25. ↑ Prósper, Blanca María; Liébana, Francisco Villar. "Nuevo epígrafe votivo dedicado a la divinidad Reve en La Coruña". In: Palaeohispánica: Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua Nº. 3, 2003, pp. 272-275. ISSN   1578-5386.
  26. ↑ Prósper, Blanca María (2010). "REVE ANABARAECO, Divinidad Acuática De Las Burgas (Orense)". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua, n.º 9 (noviembre): 212. https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i9.224.
  27. ↑ La declinación céltica de los temas en ā y los datos hispanos, Joaquín Gorrochategui, Indogermanica et Caucasica
  28. ↑ Últimas aportaciones a las religiones prerromanas de Hispania [The Most Recent Contributions to Pre-Roman religions of Hispania: Theonyms] (In Spanish)]
  29. ↑ Uma inscrição votiva em língua lusitana. Carneiro, Encarnação, Oliveira & Teixeira (2008) Archived 2009-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ Witczak 1999.
  31. ↑ Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (2000). "Los dioses soberanos y los ríos en la religión indígena de la Hispania indoeuropea". Gerión (in Spanish). 18: 193. ISSN   0213-0181.
  32. ↑ Prósper, Blanca María; Liébana, Francisco Villar. "Nuevo epígrafe votivo dedicado a la divinidad Reve en La Coruña". In: Palaeohispánica: Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua Nº. 3, 2003, pp. 272, 274. ISSN   1578-5386.
  33. ↑ Olivares Pedreño, Juan (2005). "Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula". e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. 6 (1). ISSN   1540-4889.
  34. ↑ López, Edelmiro Bascuas (2006). "La diosa Reve y los trasancos". Estudios mindonienses: Anuario de estudios histórico-teológicos de la diócesis de Mondoñedo-Ferrol (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 22. pp. 828–829. ISSN   0213-4357.
  35. ↑ Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (2000). "Los dioses soberanos y los ríos en la religión indígena de la Hispania indoeuropea". Gerión (in Spanish). 18: 197–199. ISSN   0213-0181.

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