Alaunus

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Alaunus or Alaunius (Gaulish: Alaunos) is a Gaulish god of healing and prophecy. His name is known from inscriptions found in Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in Southern France [1] and in Mannheim in western Germany. In the latter inscription, Alaunus is used as an epithet of Mercury. [2] The feminine form Alauna (from an earlier *Alamnā) is at the origin of many place-names and hydronyms across Europe, [3] including the Roman-era names of Valognes in Normandy, Maryport and Watercrook in Cumbria, River Alyn in North Wales, Alcester in Warwickshire, Ardoch in Perthshire, and Learchild and the River Aln in Northumberland.[ citation needed ]

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Name

The Gaulish theonym Alaunos stems from a Proto-Celtic form reconstructed as *Alamnos. The etymology remains uncertain. It has been traditionally derived from the root *al- ('feed, raise, nurture'), and compared with the Latin alumnus ('nursling') and with names of rivers such as Almus in Moesia, Yealm (*Almii) in England, or Alme in Westphalia. *Alamnos could thus be translated as 'the Nourishing One'. [3] [4]

A Gallic tribe named Alauni (Αλαυνοί) is also attested in Noricum, and linguist Xavier Delamarre has argued that the root alǝ-, meaning 'to wander', "would suit river names as much as ethnic ones". In this view, *Alamnos may be compared with the Celtic stem *alamo- ('herd'; cf. Old Irish alam, Welsh alaf), and the ethnonym Alauni rendered as the 'errants' or the 'nomads', contrasting with the name of the Anauni ('the Staying Ones'). [3]

See also

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References

  1. Where it appears in Greek in the dative case: Αλανειουι, Alaneioui.
  2. L'Arbre Celtique. "Alaunus" and "Alaunius".
  3. 1 2 3 Delamarre 2003, p. 37.
  4. Matasović 2009, p. 30: "The Gaul. toponym Alaunos and hydronym Alauna are usually derived from the same root, but like most etymologies of toponomastic elements, this is also uncertain."
Bibliography

Further reading