Rheum australe | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Polygonaceae |
Genus: | Rheum |
Species: | R. australe |
Binomial name | |
Rheum australe | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Rheum australe, synonym Rheum emodi, is a flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae. [1] It is commonly known as Himalayan rhubarb, [2] [3] Indian rhubarb [2] and Red-veined pie plant. [2] It is a medicinal herb used in the Indian Unani system of medicine, and formerly in the European system of medicine where it was traded as Indian rhubarb. [4] The plant is found in the sub-alpine and alpine Himalayas at an altitude of 4000 m. [5]
The plant has a 1.5-2m high stem. [2] [3] Its stem is stout, red, and streaked green and brown. [2] [3] The large leaves are heart-shaped [3] or roundish with a heart-shaped base, [2] and greenish-red in colour. [3] The basal leaves can be up to 60 cm wide. [2]
It has dark reddish-purple [2] or yellow flowers in late spring to summer, [3] in densely-branched clusters, in a inflorescence up to 30 cm long. The inflorescence enlarges greatly when in fruit. [2]
According to the 2003 key in the Flora of China , this species is distinguished from other entire-leaved rhubarbs in China with leaves having a wavy or crisped margin; R. wittrockii, R. rhabarbarum, R. webbianum and R. hotaoense, by having less than 1 cm-sized fruit, purple-red flowers, and the surface of the rachis of panicle being densely pubescent. It is the only rhubarb in this group to have purple-red flowers as opposed to various shades of white. [6]
A 1947 study found plants of R. emodi a chromosome count of 2n=22, but the same study found plants labelled as R. australe to be 2n=44. It is possible that this karyotypic diversity indicates the existence of one or more cryptic species, because the polyploid forms would essentially be reproductively isolated. [7]
Native to India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, and Sikkim. [2] [5]
It grows on grassy or rocky slopes, crevices and moraines, forest margins, near streams and between boulders in specific zones. [5] Impatiens glandulifera in the Valley of Flowers, Uttarakhand, India. [2]
It is said to be quite hardy and readily propagated. [3]
Hydroxyanthracene derivatives are mainly emodin, chrysophanol and their glycosides. [8] Other hydroxyanthracene derivatives are rhein, aloe emodin and physcion and their glycosides. [9]