Rhytidosporum procumbens | |
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Rhytidosporum procumbens in Bunyip State Park, Victoria | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Apiales |
Family: | Pittosporaceae |
Genus: | Rhytidosporum |
Species: | R. procumbens |
Binomial name | |
Rhytidosporum procumbens | |
Synonyms | |
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Rhytidosporum procumbens, commonly referred to as White Marianth, [2] is a member of the family Pittosporaceae. The dwarf, perennial shrub [3] [4] is characterised by single or small groups of 2-3 white flowers measuring 15mm in diameter present in upper leaf axils during August-December. [3] [5] The 5-20mm leaves are narrow in shape with pointed or 3-toothed tips and margins curved under. [4] [6]
R. procumbens is an Australian native and endemic that is locally common within its preferred growing conditions but has an otherwise limited distribution. Thus, it is generally restricted to New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania.
In 1836, the species was first formally described by William Jackson Hooker, an English botanist. The species was later transferred from its original genus, Pittosporum, into Rhytidosporum , which was first described in 1862 by Ferdinand von Mueller, a Victorian Government Botanist. [7] [8]
R. procumbens presents as a dwarf, erect to prostrate, shrub which grows to approximately 40cm in height. Finely pubescent young stems become hairless and branched during phase change. Sessile leaves have pointed tips and may be alternate or clustered in insertion, typically measuring 5-20mm in length and 1-3.5mm in width. Leaf margins may be entire or 3-toothed, presenting flat or slightly down-curved, and often thickened toward the abaxial leaf surface. The leaf surface may appear hairless to minutely tomentose. Flowers consist of 5-6 free petals, each 3-8mm in length, and are typically white; however, corolla tips and sepals may appear pale pink or purple in colour. Petals may also appear mauve, pink, or red on outer surface. Flowers single or in small clusters of 2 or 3 held on floral stalks measuring 2-15mm long. Following the falling of petals, the flower stalks elongate and curve downwards.
R. procumbens is a member of the family Pittosporaceae, commonly known as the cheesewood family. [9] This is principally an Australian family of flowering plants; however, some species extend their distribution into south-east Asia and parts of Africa. [10] [11] There are some 200 species in 9 genera which are represented in most tropical and subtropical regions with some species extending into alpine areas. [11] [12]
Since its initial formal description in 1836 (Hooker), R. procumbens has been embraced by numerous genera, including Pittosporum, Bursaria, Marianthus, and Billardiera , [13] before Rhytidosporum was reinstated as a separate genus. [13]
The genus Rhytidosporum is both native and endemic to Australia with the distribution of R. procumbens largely restricted to south-eastern Australia. [14] [15] While the species most commonly occurs in New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania, occasional occurrence in both Queensland and South Australia has been previously noted. [16]
R. procumbens is typical of forest, woodland, heath, and scrubland environments, growing primarily in the subtropical biome. [14] Growing conditions are characterised by well-drained sandy or stony soils in woodlands and lowland forests with access to full-sun or semi-shade. [17]
Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. The type genus is Pittosporum Banks ex Gaertn.
Hymenosporum is a monotypic genus in the family Pittosporaceae. The sole included species is Hymenosporum flavum, commonly known as native frangipani, which is a rainforest tree native to New Guinea, Queensland and New South Wales. Despite its common name, it is not closely related to the frangipani, but is related to the widespread genus Pittosporum.
Geranium potentilloides, belongs to the family Geraniaceae, and is a small prostrate perennial herb that can grow up to 60cm high. The species is commonly referred to as Soft Cranesbill or Cinquefoil geranium.
Rhytidosporum is a genus of flowering plants within the family Pittosporaceae. The type species is Rhytidosporum procumbens (Hook.) F.Muell.
Auranticarpa is a genus of trees in the family Pittosporaceae. All six species occur in monsoonal forest and rainforest margins in Northern Australia. The species, all formerly included in the genus Pittosporum, are as follows:
Aphanopetalum resinosum, known as the gum vine, is a small plant growing in rainforest or eucalyptus forest in eastern Australia, from north-east Victoria, through New South Wales and north to Queensland.
Pittosporum multiflorum, known as the orange thorn, is a shrub growing in eastern Australia. The dense foliage provides a habitat for small birds and animals. It grows on shales or volcanic soils, from Eden, New South Wales north to Queensland, usually in or near rainforest areas.
Ampera xiphloclada, commonly known as ‘broom spurge’, is a grass-like erect shrub in the Euphorbiaceae family.
Acacia gunnii, commonly known as ploughshare wattle or dog's tooth wattle, is a woody shrub which is endemic to south-eastern Australia found in dry heaths and woodlands. It ranges from Queensland, then New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, South Australia, down to Tasmania. Acacia gunnii grows to up to 1 metre high and has prickly phyllodes which are 4 to 15 mm long. The cream to pale yellow globular flowerheads appear singly in the axils of the phyllodes in June to October, followed by curved or coiled seed pods which are 40 mm long and 4 to 5 mm wide. Acacia gunnii grows up to 1 meter tall and has prickly phyllodes which are 4 to 15mm in length with cream to pale-yellow globular flower heads appearing in phyllode axils in June through to October, followed by curved or coiled seed pods which are 40mm long and 4 to 5 mm wide. The species was first formally described by English botanist George Bentham in the London Journal of Botany in 1842. It occurs in South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, and Queensland.
Pittosporum bicolor, commonly known as cheesewood or banyalla, is a flowering shrub or small tree of the family Pittosporaceae, and is native to south eastern Australia.
Monotoca scoparia, commonly known as prickly broom heath, is a widespread native species across south-eastern Australia. Monotoca scoparia was formerly in the family Epacridaceae but now belongs to the family Ericaceae. Monotoca is an endemic Australian genus with 17 described species occurring in all states.
Baumea arthrophylla(now known as Machaerina arthrophylla) is a flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae that is native to many states and territories of Australia.
Calotis cymbacantha, the showy burr daisy, is a species of Calotis native to the arid areas of Australia. It is a perennial herb that grows between 10 and 40 cm tall. It has hairy erect stems which are woody at the base and produces yellow flowers.
Hypericum japonicum, known as matted St. John's-wort, is an annual herbaceous flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae, in Hypericum sect. Trigynobrathys.
Acacia glandulicarpa, commonly known as the hairy-pod wattle, is a perennial shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodinea that is native to parts of south eastern Australia.
Gonocarpus teucrioides, or forest raspwort is a common flowering herb or subshrub in the Haloragaceae, or watermilfoil family. It is native to Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania and is widespread and abundant in the understorey of wet forests. The name raspwort refers to the rough, scabrous surface of many of the Gonocarpus species.
Rhytidosporum inconspicuum is an inconspicuous, rhizomatous shrub in the pittosporum family, Pittosporaceae. The species is found in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Westringia rigida is a shrub in the Lamiaceae family that is endemic to Australia. and
Cratystylis conocephala, the blue bush daisy, blue bush, grey bush, and round leaved greybush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to southeast Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. It is a densely branched, spreading shrub. The species is listed as endangered in New South Wales and critically endangered in Victoria.
Pittosporum ferrugineum, commonly known as the rusty pittosporum or rusty-leaved pittosporum, is an evergreen plant in the family Pittosporaceae native to Malesia, Papuasia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.