| Rosa 'Perle d'Or' | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Genus | Rosa hybrid |
| Hybrid parentage | R. multiflora × tea rose 'Mme Falcot' |
| Cultivar group | Polyantha |
| Cultivar | Perle d'Or |
| Marketing names | 'Yellow Cécile Brünner' |
| Origin | Rambaux, 1875 |
Rosa 'Perle d'Or' is an apricot blend Polyantha rose cultivar bred by Joseph Rambaux in 1875 and introduced by Francis Dubreuil in France in 1883. 'Perle d'Or' was granted several awards, including the Lyon Gold Medal in 1883, and the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 1993.
'Perle d'Or' is a medium-tall Polyantha rose, 3 to 6 ft (0.91–1.83 m) in height, with a 3 to 4 ft (0.91–1.22 m) spread. The small 2 in (51 mm) flowers have 26 to 40 petals, forming small light rosettes with an average diameter of 4 centimetres (1.6 in) [1] Their colour is creamy amber with a hint of pink and ages to white, starting at the edges. Their fragrance is described as sweet and fruity, and varying in strength from light to strong. [2] They develop from vermillion, long, ovoid buds, that open to a deep apricot-pink colour and appear in large, long-stemmed clusters of 5 to 25 in flushes throughout the season. [3] 'Perle d'Or' has well-branched shoots with small, glossy, medium to dark green foliage, and very few scattered, large prickles. The vigorous shrub grows densely, reaching 0.9 to 1.8 metres (3.0 to 5.9 ft) height at a width of 0.6 to 1 metre (2.0 to 3.3 ft),and is winter hardy down to −20 °C (USDA zone 6 to 7). [2] While the original form is a low shrub, a climbing sport also exists (discovered before 1931). [4]
"'When the first Polyanthas were crossed with Tea roses, their offspring combined the delicate size of the former with with the subtle colors of the latter. 'Perle d'Or' is an excellent example and a rose of outstanding beauty and charm."
— Quest-Ritson, 2003 [3]
Philippe Jean-Baptiste François ("Joseph") Rambaux was born in Dracy-le-fort, France on March 18, 1820. He is the first generation of the legendary Meilland family rose breeders and growers. [5] He was a gardener at Parc de la Tête d'Or and became interested in rose breeding in 1850. He first began developing new rose cultivars at home, with crosses of roses from the gardens where he worked. [6] The rose varieties that Rambaux developed during his career were mostly Hybrid Perpetual roses, and all his new cultivars were introduced after his death on July 30, 1878. Rambaux left his rose breeding business to his wife Claudine,daughter Marie and son-in-law, Louis-Francois (Francis) Dubrueil (1842–1916). [5]
Polyantha roses were created by crossing China roses with dwarf, repeat flowering Rosa multifloras . The first hybrids developed were single flowering varieties, but the second generation produced repeat flowering roses. When Tea roses were later used in breeding Polyanthas, prettier dwarf roses were produced. 'Cécile Brünner' and Perle d'Or are excellent examples of this kind of hybridization. Both have a loose growing habit, hybrid-tea shaped flowers and are still popular roses in the 21st century. Polyanthas reached their peak of popularity in 1909 and were surpassed by Hybrid teas and Hybrid Perpetuals. [7] Rambaux created 'Perle d'Or' from a cross between a double-flowered R. multiflora seedling and the tea rose 'Madame Falcot' (Guillot, 1858). It is sometimes referred to as a China rose and sometimes considered a Polyantha. It is also known as 'Yellow Cécile Brünner'', as the pale apricot rose greatly resembles the related pale pink 'Cécile Brünner'. [4] 'Perle d'Or' was granted several awards, including the Lyon Gold Medal in 1883, [8] and the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 1993. [9]
Rosa 'Alain' is a red Floribunda rose variety, bred by Francis Meilland before 1946. Meilland International introduced the rose in France in 1948. It was named for Meilland's son, Alain, who was born in 1940. It won the Geneva Gold Medal in 1948.
Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. The first hybrid tea roses were created in France in the mid-1800s, by cross-breeding the large, floriferous Hybrid Perpetuals with the tall, elegant Tea roses. The Hybrid tea is the oldest class of Modern garden roses. Hybrid teas exhibit traits midway between both parents, being hardier than the often delicate Tea roses, and with a better ability for repeat-flowering than the more robust Hybrid Perpetuals.
Meilland International SA is a family-owned rose growing business founded circa 1850. The business operates today out of the Domaine de Saint André in Le Cannet-des-Maures, Le Luc en Provence, Var, France with branches all over the world.
Joseph Pernet-Ducher (1859–1928) was a French rose breeder who is recognized for his work in the development of the modern Hybrid tea rose. Pernet and his father, Jean Pernet, worked together in the 1880s to develop the first yellow remontant Hybrid perpetual rose. After Jean Pernet's death in 1896, Pernet-Ducher continued their work and later introduced 'Soleil d'Or' in 1900. 'Soleil d'Or' initiated a new class of tea roses known as Pernetiana roses and is considered the ancestor of the modern Hybrid tea rose.
Francis Meilland was a French rose breeder and co-founder of Meilland International, a family-owned rose growing company in southern France. The Meilland family has been breeding and selling roses since 1850. Francis Meilland is best known for developing the legendary Hybrid tea rose, 'Peace', in the 1930s. Since the rose's introduction in the U.S. in 1945, over 40 million 'Peace' roses have been sold worldwide.
Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates. An enormous number of garden cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand. While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, often in dedicated rose gardens, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.
Rosa 'Louis de Funès' is an orange hybrid tea rose, bred by Marie-Louise Meilland before 1987. Meilland International introduced the rose in France in 1987. It was named after the famous French comedian Louis de Funès(1914 - 1983).
Rosa 'Cécile Brünner', also known as 'Mlle Cécile Brünner', 'Sweetheart Rose', 'Malteser Rose', or 'Mignon', is a light pink polyantha rose bred in France by Marie Ducher and introduced by her son-in-law, Joseph Pernet-Ducher in 1881. Its parents were a double-flowered R. multiflora and a hybrid tea rose, either 'Souvenir d'un Ami' or a seedling of 'Mme de Tartas'. It is not clear if the rose was named after the sister (1853–1927) or daughter of Ulrich Brunner fils.
Rosa 'Glowing Peace',, is an orange and yellow Grandiflora rose cultivar, developed by Michèle Meilland Richardier before 1998. The cultivar was introduced into France as 'Phillipe Noiret', and into the United States by Star Roses and Plants as 'Glowing Peace'. The rose was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 2001.
Rosa 'Soleil d'Or' is a Foetida hybrid rose cultivar, bred by Joseph Pernet-Ducher and introduced on November 1, 1900. It is the ancestor of all modern Hybrid tea roses and the first yellow-orange rose. Pernet-Ducher later crossed 'Soleil d'Or' with Tea roses to create a new class known as Pernetiana roses.
Rosa 'Madame Caroline Testout' is a bright pink hybrid tea rose, bred by French rosarian, Joseph Pernet-Ducher. The pink, fragrant rose has been a very popular rose worldwide since its introduction in 1890. It is recognized by the city of Portland as being an important contributor to its worldwide reputation as the "City of Roses"
Joseph Rambaux (1820–1878) was a gardener and rose breeder from Lyon, France. He is considered the patriarch of the legenday Meilland family, award-winning rose breeders for six generations. The rose variety he is best remembered for is the Polyantha, 'Perle d'Or', introduced in France in 1883. 'Perle d'Or' was granted several awards, including the Lyon Gold Medal in 1883, and the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 1993.
Francis Dubreuil (1842–1916) was a French rose breeder and nursery owner from Lyon, France. He was the second generation of the Meilland family to breed and grow roses. He introduced over 64 rose varieties during his career and was the founding member of the French Society of rose growers.
Marie-Louise ("Louisette") Paolino Meilland (1920–1987) was a French rose breeder and co-owner of Meilland International in France. She was married to renowned rose breeder, Francis Meilland, who bred the world famous 'Peace' rose in the 1930s. After her husband died in 1958, she took over the family business and continued to breed roses. During her long career, Louisette Meilland bred over 120 rose varieties, and received multiple awards for her work.
Antoine '("Papa") Meilland (1884–1971) was a French rose grower and co-founder of Meilland International, a large rose growing company in southern France. As a young man, he worked as a nursery assistant for rose breeder, Francis Dubreuil. Antoine married, Dubreuil's daughter, Claudia in 1909 and their son Francis, was born in 1912. Antoine was drafted into the French army when France entered the War in 1914, and Claudia managed the nursery in his absence. Dubreuil died in 1916. When Antoine returned to Lyon, after the war, he and Claudia took over the management of the family business.
The Meilland Family is a multi-generational family of French rose breeders. The family's first rosarian was gardener, Joseph Rambaux, who first started breeding roses in 1850 in Lyon. He is best known for developing the Polyantha 'Perle d'Or'. His wife, Claudine and son-in-law, Francois Dubreuil, took over the nursery after Rambaux died in 1878. Dubreuil became a successful rose breeder and grower. In 1900, Dubreuil hired sixteen year old, Antoine Meilland, as a gardening assistant, where he met Dubreuil's daughter, Claudia. Antoine and Claudia married in 1909 and their son, Francis was born in 1912. The couple took over Dubreuil's nursery after his death in 1916.
Rosa 'Abbaye de Cluny' is an apricot blend hybrid tea rose, bred by Alain Meilland before 1993. Meilland International introduced the rose in France in 1995. It is one of Meilland's Romantica rose series. Rosa 'Abbaye de Cluny' won the Belfast Gold Medal in 1995.
Rosa 'Michele Meilland' is a light pink Floribunda rose cultivar, bred by Francis Meilland in 1945. Meilland International introduced the rose in France in 1948. It was named for Meilland's daughter, Michele, who was born in 1943. It was named the most beautiful rose in France in 1945.
Rosa 'Black Baccara' is a dark burgundy Hybrid tea rose cultivar, bred by French rose hybridizer, Jacques Mouchotte, before 2000. Meilland International introduced the rose in France in 2000. The rose was also introduced in America by Star Roses and Plants/Conard-Pyle in 2002.
