Rumex salicifolius

Last updated

Rumex salicifolius
Rumex salicifolius FWS-001.jpg
In fruit
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Rumex
Species:
R. salicifolius
Binomial name
Rumex salicifolius

Rumex salicifolius is a species of flowering perennial plant in the knotweed family known by the common names willow dock [1] and willow-leaved dock. [2] It is native to much of western North America, and more specifically, in southern and central parts of California, and some parts of Arizona and Nevada. [3] It can also be found in parts of Europe as an introduced species and a roadside weed. It is an extremely variable plant which is generally divided into many varieties, some of which may actually be specimens of other species. [4]

Contents

Description

In general, it is a perennial herb producing a slender stem which is prostrate and spreading or erect, growing up to about 90 centimeters in maximum length. The leaves are up to about 13 centimeters long and can be most any shape. The inflorescence of this plant is an interrupted series of clusters of flowers. There are up to 20 flowers in each cluster, and each flower hangs from a pedicel. The flower usually has six tepals, the inner three of which are largest and usually have central tubercles. It is an important food and host plant for Lycaena rubidus larvae. [5] This plant usually is green colored with hints of pink and red. [6] It is also a Perennial plant, meaning that this plant usually lives for 2 or more years.

Distribution

Rumex salicifolius is found in different parts of California, along with being found in Arizona, Nevada, and Northern Mexico. More recently it has been found as an introduced species in parts of Europe. [7]

Habitat

Rumex salicifolius is typically found in wet places, but not flooded environments. These are areas adjacent to seasonally flooded wetlands, though. These plants can also be found on rocky slopes, and in margins. It's usually found less than 3,500 altitude. [8] The bloom period for this plant is June through September. [9] The plant usually thrives in full sunlight, and only sometimes in partial shade. [10]

Taxonomy

It is a dicot, meaning that the plant has 2 embryonic leaves and/or cotyledons. It is of the kingdom Plantae, the order Caryophyllales, and the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. The genus is Rumex L.- Dock [11] There are also fifteen different subspecies. These are- Rumex salicifolius var. angustifolius, Rumex salicifolius var. angustivalvis, Rumex salicifolius var. crassus, Rumex salicifolius var. denticulatus, Rumex salicifolius fo. ecallosus, Rumex salicifolius var. lacustris, Rumex salicifolius subsp. mexicanus, Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus, Rumex salicifolius var. montigenitus, Rumex salicifolius subsp. salicifolius, Rumex salicifolius fo. transitorius, Rumex salicifolius var. transitorius, Rumex salicifolius subsp. triangulivalvis, Rumex salicifolius var. triangulivalvis, and Rumex salicifolius var. utahensis. [12]

Uses

The Zuni people use the mexicanus variety medicinally. A strong infusion of the root is made and given to women by their husbands to help them to become pregnant. [13] The ground root, or an infusion of it, is taken also for sore throat, especially by sword swallowers. [14] This species is also used in the treatment and management of chronic pain of the aboriginal people of the Canadian Boreal Forest. It is used to treat chronic migraine/headache, chronic back pain, and chronic rheumatism/arthritis. In studies it has proven to be successful in aiding people with anti-inflammation and significant pain relief. [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Rumex</i> Genus of plants

The docks and sorrels, genus Rumex, are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. Members of this genus are very common perennial herbs with a native almost worldwide distribution, and introduced species growing in the few places where the genus is not native.

<i>Rumex crispus</i> Species of flowering plant

Rumex crispus, the curly dock, curled dock or yellow dock, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, native to Europe and Western Asia.

<i>Rumex obtusifolius</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae

Rumex obtusifolius, commonly known as bitter dock, broad-leaved dock, bluntleaf dock, dock leaf or butter dock, is a perennial plant in the family Polygonaceae. It is native to Europe, but is found on all temperate continents. It is a highly invasive species in some zones, resulting from its abundant seed dispersal, adaptability to reproduce, aggressive roots, ability to tolerate extreme climates, and hardiness.

<i>Salix lasiolepis</i> Species of willow

Salix lasiolepis is a species of willow native to western North America.

<i>Dudleya abramsii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> setchellii</i> Species of succulent

Dudleya abramsiisubsp. setchellii, known by common name as the Santa Clara Valley dudleya or Santa Clara Valley liveforever, is a member of the Dudleya genus of succulent perennials, members of the family Crassulaceae. The Santa Clara Valley dudleya, endemic to the Santa Clara Valley region in the southern San Francisco Bay Area, was listed on 3 February 1995, as an endangered species. It is considered to be a subspecies of Dudleya abramsii, but its taxonomic status is still unclear. Its closest relative is Dudleya cymosa subsp. paniculata, which is a morphologically similar sister taxon.

<i>Rumex hymenosepalus</i> Species of flowering plant in knotweed family

Rumex hymenosepalus, commonly known as canaigre, canaigre dock, ganagra, wild rhubarb, Arizona dock, and tanner's dock, is a perennial flowering plant which is native to the North American deserts in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is a common food plant of the ruddy copper larvae.

<i>Erysimum capitatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Erysimum capitatum is a species of wallflower known commonly as the sanddune wallflower, western wallflower, or prairie rocket.

<i>Salix exigua</i> Species of willow

Salix exigua is a species of willow native to most of North America except for the southeast and far north, occurring from Alaska east to New Brunswick, and south to northern Mexico. It is considered a threatened species in Massachusetts while in Connecticut, Maryland, and New Hampshire it is considered endangered.

<i>Veronica serpyllifolia</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae

Veronica serpyllifolia, the thyme-leaved speedwell or thymeleaf speedwell, is a perennial flowering plant in the plantain family. It is native to Europe, but can be found elsewhere on most continents as an introduced species.

<i>Chaetopappa ericoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Chaetopappa ericoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names rose heath and heath-leaved chaetopappa. It is native to the southwestern and western Great Plains regions of the United States, plus northern Mexico. It is found in California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, and Nuevo León.

<i>Cirsium ochrocentrum</i> Species of thistle

Cirsium ochrocentrum is a species of thistle known by the common name yellowspine thistle. It is native to the Great Plains of the Central United States and to the desert regions of the western United States and northern Mexico. Its range extends from eastern Oregon east to the Black Hills of South Dakota, south as far as the Mexican State of Durango.

<i>Rumex pulcher</i> Species of flowering plant

Rumex pulcher is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common name fiddle dock. It is native to Eurasia and North Africa and it can be found elsewhere, including parts of North America, as an introduced species and a roadside weed. Europe. It is quite variable in appearance, and some authorities divide it into several subspecies that are more or less distinguishable. In general, it is a perennial herb producing a slender, erect stem from a thick taproot, approaching 70 centimeters in maximum height. The top of the plant may bend, especially as the fruit develops. The leaves are up to 10 or 15 centimeters long and variable in shape, though often oblong with a narrow middle in the rough shape of a fiddle. The inflorescence is made up of many branches, each an interrupted series of clusters of flowers with up to 20 in each cluster, each flower hanging from a pedicel. The flower has usually six tepals, the inner three of which are edged with teeth and have tubercles at their centers.

<i>Rumex venosus</i> Species of flowering plant

Rumex venosus is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common names veiny dock, winged dock, sand dock, and wild-begonia. While not of any particular agricultural use, its cousins rhubarb and buckwheat are. It is native to central and western North America, from southern parts of the Canadian prairies, through to Mexico.

<i>Stellaria longipes</i> Species of flowering plant

Stellaria longipes is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names longstalk starwort and Goldie's starwort. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northernmost latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. It is a perennial herb that grows in a wide variety of habitat types, including tundra and taiga and many areas farther south with subalpine and alpine climates. It is extremely variable in morphology, its form depending on both genetic makeup and environmental conditions. It has a widely varying number of chromosomes. In general, it is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming mats or clumps, or growing erect. The stems may be short and simple or with sprawling and highly branched. The linear to lance-shaped leaves are usually 1 to 4 centimeters long and are oppositely arranged in pairs. The inflorescence bears one or more flowers, each on a short pedicel. The flower has five pointed green sepals each a few millimeters long. There are five white petals each divided into two lobes, sometimes shallowly, but often so deeply there appear to be two petals. The plant is gynodioecious, with some flowers having functional male and female reproductive parts and others being only female.

<i>Symphyotrichum lanceolatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to much of North America

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America. Common names include panicled aster, lance-leaved aster, and white panicled aster. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 1.5 meters tall or more, sometimes approaching 2 meters. The lance-shaped leaves are generally hairless but may feel slightly rough to the touch on the top because of tiny bristles. The flowers grow in clusters and branch in panicles. They have 16–50 white ray florets that are up to 14 millimeters long and sometimes tinged pink or purple. The flower centers consist of disk florets that begin as yellow and become purple as they mature.

This is a list of plants and how they are used in Zuni culture.

<i>Solidago rigida</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago rigida, known by the common names stiff goldenrod and stiff-leaved goldenrod, is a North American plant species in the family Asteraceae. It has a widespread distribution in Canada and the United States, where it is found primarily east of the Rocky Mountains. It is typically found in open, dry areas associated with calcareous or sandy soil. Habitats include prairies, savannas, and glades.

<i>Rumex occidentalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Rumex occidentalis is a flowering plant species belonging to the family Polygonaceae. Commonly known as western dock, Rumex occidentalis can be found in parts of Western North America.

Rumex lapponicus, known commonly as Lapland mountain sorrel is a perennial flowering herb species in the family Polygonaceae. It is commonly found in meadows and rock outcrops, as well as montane, arenicolous, and alluvial habitats.

References

  1. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rumex salicifolius". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  2. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. "Rumex salicifolius - FNA". beta.floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
  4. Flora of North America
  5. Warren, Andrew; Harrera, Alfonso. "Butterflies of Oregon Their Taxonomy, Distribution, and Biology" (PDF). Lepidoptera of North America.
  6. "Willow Dock, Rumex Salicifolius". Calscape.
  7. "Rumex salicifolius - FNA". beta.floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
  8. Severns, Paul M. (2011). "Habitat restoration facilitates an ecological trap for a locally rare, wetland‐restricted butterfly". Insect Conservation and Diversity. 4 (3): 184–191. doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00120.x. S2CID   84007008.
  9. "Plant Characteristics and Associations". Cal Flora.
  10. "Willow dock, Rumex salicifolius". Calscape.
  11. "Rumex salicifolius Weinm". Rumex salicifolius.
  12. "Tropicos | Name - Rumex salicifolius var. triangulivalvis (Danser) J.C. Hickman". tropicos.org. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  13. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 85)
  14. Stevenson, p.59
  15. Uprety, Yadav; Lacasse, Anaïs; Asselin, Hugo (2016). "Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants from the Canadian Boreal Forest for the Management of Chronic Pain Syndromes". Pain Practice. 16 (4): 459–466. doi:10.1111/papr.12284. ISSN   1533-2500. PMID   25776550. S2CID   31135525.