SS Haleakala

Last updated
History
Flag of the United States.svg United States
NameHaleakala
Namesake Haleakalā
Owner USSB
Operator
Port of registry Los Angeles
Ordered10 July 1918
Builder Long Beach Shipbuilding Co., Long Beach
Cost$1,750,000
Yard number134
Laid down3 February 1919
Launched13 September 1919
Sponsored byMrs. Violet Makee
Commissioned10 December 1919
Maiden voyage6 January 1920
Identification
FateDisappeared, September 1926
General characteristics
Type Design 1019 Cargo ship
Tonnage
Length410.5 ft (125.1 m)
Beam54.3 ft (16.6 m)
Depth27.2 ft (8.3 m)
Installed power2800 Ihp, 359 Nhp
Propulsion Owens, Hooven & Rentschler 3-cylinder triple expansion
Speed11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph)

Haleakala was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Long Beach Shipbuilding Company of Long Beach for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was first employed in the Pacific trade before being briefly laid up. She was reactivated in 1922 and entered the South American trade connecting the ports of Argentina and Brazil with a variety of ports in the Northeastern United States. In September 1926 while on one of her regular trips, she disappeared without a trace, possibly foundering in the hurricane with the loss of all hands.

Contents

Design and construction

After the United States entry into World War I, a large shipbuilding program was undertaken to restore and enhance shipping capabilities both of the United States and their Allies. As part of this program, EFC placed orders with nation's shipyards for a large number of vessels of standard designs. Most of these new vessels were known as the West ships as they were built by several shipyards on the West Coast of the United States and all were given names that began with the word West. Design 1019 cargo ship was among the designs adopted by USSB, and was a standard cargo freighter of approximately 8,800 deadweight tonnage designed by Theodore E. Ferris.

Haleakala was part of the order for eight vessels placed by USSB with the Long Beach Shipbuilding Co. on 10 July 1918 and was laid down at the shipbuilder's yard on 3 February 1919 and launched on 13 September 1919 (yard number 134), with Mrs. Robert A. Smith, formerly Miss Violet Makee of Ulupalakua Ranch on Maui, being the sponsor. [1] Originally the vessel were to be named West Kaw but thanks to over-subscription to the Fourth Liberty Loan by the residents of Maui, USSB deferred naming rights to them to recognize their contribution. [2] The launch was witnessed by several thousand people, mostly workers of the shipyard. The vessel was launched approximately 80% complete, and was expected to be finished in sixty days.

Similar to all vessels of this class the ship had two main decks and was built on the three-island principle of ship construction. She had her machinery situated amidships and had five main holds which allowed for the carriage of a variety of goods and merchandise. [3] The vessel also possessed all the modern machinery for quick loading and unloading of cargo from five large hatches, including ten winches and eleven booms. She was also equipped with wireless apparatus and submarine signal system and had electric lights installed along the decks. [3]

As built, the ship was 410.5 feet (125.1 m) long (between perpendiculars) and 54.3 feet (16.6 m) abeam, and had a depth of 27.2 feet (8.3 m). [4] Haleakala was originally assessed at 5,958  GRT and 4,512  NRT and had deadweight tonnage of approximately 8,538. [4] [3] The vessel had a steel hull and a single 2,800 ihp triple expansion steam engine, with cylinders of 24+1⁄2-inch (62 cm), 41+1⁄2-inch (105 cm) and 72-inch (180 cm) diameter with a 48-inch (120 cm) stroke that moved the ship at up to 11 knots (13 mph; 20 km/h). [4] [5] [6] The steam for the engine was supplied by three Scotch marine boilers fitted both for coal and oil fuel.

The sea trials were held on December 2–3 and after their successful completion the ship sailed into San Pedro to load part cargo destined for East Asia. [7] [8] While there Haleakala was examined by the Shipping Board representatives and officially accepted by them on December 10. The ship then continued on to San Francisco where she were to load the rest of her cargo.

Operational history

While Haleakala was nearing her completion, she was allocated by the Shipping Board to Pacific Mail Steamship Company to operate between California and India. The ship loaded part of her cargo at Los Angeles which consisted mostly of general merchandise but also included hundreds of American-made motorcycles and fifty automobiles and continued to San Francisco. [9] After finishing loading the rest of her cargo, the freighter sailed from San Francisco on 6 January 1920 bound for Manila. [10] The vessel made a short stop for bunkers at Honolulu where the crew was given a warm welcome and taught how to properly pronounce their ship's name. [11] Haleakala reached Manila on February 5 [12] and from there proceeded to visit the ports of Saigon, Singapore, Calcutta and Colombo. Aside from her regular oriental cargo, the ship carried back home a large number of various exotic animals such as monkeys, orangutan, tigers and a 100 year old elephant destined to be sold to zoos around the country. During the trip an elephant died and had to be buried in the ocean, and monkeys got free and the crew was forced to shoot the orangutan when he tried to engage the reverse gear. [13] On her way back Haleakala also met another Shipping Board steamer, SS West Selene, who lost two of her propeller blades and was drifting helplessly. Haleakala took the stricken ship into tow and safely brought her into Honolulu where West Selene was repaired. [14] The vessel returned to San Francisco on 29 April 1920, thus successfully completing her maiden voyage. Following her arrival, four more monkeys escaped from the freighter and after swimming for about an hour made it ashore under the wharves where they joined an existing monkey tribe. [15] After conducting one more trip to India and the Philippines, Pacific Mail Steamship Co. returned Haleakala to the USSB in October 1920 due to significant overabundance of available tonnage and scarcity of cargo. [16]

At about the same time, Sudden & Christensen decided to charter a steamer for one trip from the Pacific Northwest to the United Kingdom and chose to take Haleakala as she was readily available. [17] The ship left San Francisco loaded with a large cargo of fuel oil, and upon reaching Portland embarked a cargo of lumber destined for London and West Hartlepool. [18] After completing the voyage the ship returned to New York in ballast on 19 February 1921 and was laid up as the shipping crisis was still ongoing. [19]

On 13 April 1922 EFC announced that Haleakala was allocated to the International Freighting Corporation to be used in the East Coast of the United States to east coast of South America service. [20] Upon loading, the vessel cleared out from Philadelphia on 12 May 1922 bound for Buenos Aires and various Brazilian ports via Jacksonville. [21] She reached Buenos Aires on July 6, and then continued on to Rosario and Rio de Janeiro loading various cargo such as fertilizer, manganese ore and coffee. Haleakala returned to Baltimore on September 2, concluding the first trip for her new operators. [22] [23] The freighter continued serving the same general route for the rest of her career. On her trips south she usually carried case oil and various general merchandise in addition to occasional machinery pieces. For example, in January 1925 Haleakala transported eight locomotives to Brazil as part of her load. [24] On her way north Haleakala transported mainly coffee from Brazilian ports of Santos, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. In addition, she also carried other agricultural products such as cocoa, hides, wool, quebracho and animal bones. For example, in October 1923 the freighter brought near record load of coffee to Boston in addition to general cargo. [25] Similarly she brought in another large cargo of coffee, wool and hides to Boston in July 1924. [26]

Disappearance

Haleakala cleared out from Philadelphia on 21 August 1926 laden with case oil, sugar and structural steel bound for Montevideo. [27] The steamer made a call at Newport News where she loaded coal, lumber and general merchandise to complete her cargo. [28] The ship entered Hampton Roads for bunkers and sailed out on September 3. [29] The vessel was under command of captain John H. Pratt and had a crew of thirty eight. Haleakala was supposed to arrive at her destination by early October, however, she never showed up at Montevideo, and, even though she was equipped with wireless, no messages were received from her. [30] Upon arrival at Buenos Aires on October 16 captain Fischer of Danish steamer Nevada stated that he last communicated with Haleakala at about 23:00 on September 8 while being in approximate position 26°N63°W / 26°N 63°W / 26; -63 , but was unable to communicate with her the next day. [31] It was assumed that Haleakala ran into a strong hurricane that swept through the Bahamas and Florida around that time and foundered with the loss of her entire crew.

Related Research Articles

SS <i>Eurana</i> American steam cargo ship, active 1916-1942

Eurana was a steam cargo ship built on speculation in 1915 by Union Iron Works of San Francisco. While under construction, the ship was acquired by Frank Duncan McPherson Strachan to operate in the Atlantic trade for his family's Strachan Shipping Company. The vessel made several trips between the Southeast of the United States and Europe before being sold to the Nafra Steamship Company in 1917. The freighter then entered the Mediterranean trade where she remained until September 1918 when she was requisitioned by the Emergency Fleet Corporation and transferred to the United States Navy to transport military supplies prior to the end of World War I, and as a troop transport after the war's end. In October 1919, the ship was returned to Nafra, which was then being reorganized to become the Green Star Steamship Company. In 1923, Eurana and twelve other ships passed to the Planet Steamship Company, newly formed to receive them from Green Star's bankruptcy. The ship remained principally engaged in the West Coast to East Coast trade for the next seven years. In 1930, together with several other vessels, Eurana was purchased by the Calmar Steamship Corporation, and renamed Alamar. The ship continued carrying various cargo between the East and West Coasts of the United States through 1941. On 27 May 1942, while en route from Hvalfjord to Murmansk carrying lend-lease war materiel to the Soviet Union during World War II as part of Arctic convoy PQ-16, she was fatally damaged by German aircraft bombs and was consequently scuttled by a British submarine to prevent her from becoming a menace to navigation.

SS <i>West Compo</i> Steam cargo ship built 1918 by Northwest Steel Company

West Compo was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Northwest Steel Company of Portland for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was commissioned into the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) of the United States Navy in January 1919 and after only one overseas trip was decommissioned four months later and returned to the USSB. Afterwards the vessel was largely employed on the Atlantic Coast of the United States to France route until mid-1921 when she was laid up and eventually broken up for scrap in 1936.

Cotati was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Moore Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Oakland for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was briefly used for the first two years of her career to transport frozen meat between North and South America and Europe. The ship was subsequently laid up at the end of 1921 and remained part of the Reserve Fleet through the end of 1940. In January 1941 she was sold together with two other vessels to the New Zealand Shipping Co. and subsequently in 1942 was transferred to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Avocet. The ship was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-125 on 30 September 1942 on one of her regular wartime trips.

Ozette was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Seattle North Pacific Shipbuilding Company of Seattle for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was largely employed on the East Coast to Europe routes during her career before she was laid up in and eventually broken up for scrap in 1936.

West Cawthon was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Southwestern Shipbuilding Co. of San Pedro for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. Initially, the vessel was placed in the Pacific trade, but was soon acquired by the Green Star Steamship Co. and was put on the Gulf to the Mediterranean route. In 1923 Green Star Steamship Co. went bankrupt and vessel was bought back by USSB. The freighter then spent next two years serving the Mediterranean ports of Italy and Spain before being laid up late in 1924. In 1926 the vessel was bought by the American-South African Line and for the next fourteen years continuously sailed between the East Coast of the United States and South Africa. In 1940 she was sold to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Bison. The ship was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-124 on 1 November 1940 on one of her regular convoy trips.

SS <i>Corvus</i> (1919)

Corvus was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Columbia River Shipbuilding Company of Portland for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The freighter was operated on international and domestic routes through 1944. Early in 1945 she was transferred to Soviet Union as part of lend-lease program and renamed Uzbekistan. After several months of operation, the freighter was rammed by another vessel on 31 May 1945 and was beached to avoid sinking. She was subsequently raised and towed to Portland where she was scrapped in 1946.

SS <i>President Harrison</i> Steam passenger-cargo ship built in 1919–1920

Wolverine State was a steam passenger-cargo ship built in 1919–1920 by New York Shipbuilding Company of Camden for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The ship was initially employed on the United States to India route until its cancellation in Spring 1922. After remodeling the vessel was briefly used by the Los Angeles Steamship Company on a run between Los Angeles and Honolulu as an emergency replacement for one of their burned out steamers. In April 1922 the steamer was renamed President Harrison. In 1923 she conducted several trips between California and the east coast of South America, before being sold together with several other ships of her class to the Dollar Steamship Company. The vessel was captured in 1941 by the Japanese after she was deliberately run aground to avoid the capture. After repairs, the ship was renamed Kachidoki Maru (勝鬨丸), put under control of NYK Line and entered the Japan to Taiwan route, but soon after was requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Army. Under IJA control the ship sailed between Japan, Singapore and the Philippines carrying troops and military supplies. She was torpedoed and sunk on 12 September 1944 on one of her regular trips, while carrying 950 Allied prisoners of war of which 431 were killed.

SS <i>West Kasson</i>

West Kasson was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Long Beach Shipbuilding Company of Long Beach for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel initially operated on the round-the-world route from the West Coast of the United States via East Asia and Spain before being shifted to serve the Gulf to Europe and South America trade in 1922. In 1926 she was sold to the W. R. Grace and Company and renamed Cuzco. In her new role the ship operated chiefly between the ports of the Pacific Northwest and various Chilean and Peruvian ports. In 1940 the ship was again sold and transferred into Panamanian registry and renamed Carmona. The vessel continued sailing between South America and the United States and was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-160 on one of her regular trips in July 1942.

SS <i>West Cajoot</i>

West Cajoot was a Design 1013 cargo ship built in 1919 by the Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co of Los Angeles. She was one of many ships built by the company for the United States Shipping Board.

West Niger was a steam cargo ship built in 1919–1920 by Southwestern Shipbuilding Company of San Pedro for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The freighter spent her entire career in the Pacific connecting the West Coast of the United States with the Chinese and Japanese ports in the Far East. Early in 1928, the ship, together with ten other vessels, was sold by the Shipping Board to the States Steamship Co. and subsequently renamed Nevada. In September 1932, the vessel, while on her regular trip to Japan, ran aground in foggy weather on Amatignak Island and subsequently broke into three parts and sank with the loss of thirty four out of thirty seven men.

SS <i>Wheatland Montana</i>

Wheatland Montana was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Skinner & Eddy of Seattle for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The freighter spent the majority of her career in the Pacific connecting the West Coast of the United States with the Chinese and Japanese ports in the Far East. Early in 1928 the ship together with six other vessels was sold by the Shipping Board to the Tacoma Oriental Steamship Co. and subsequently renamed Seattle. After her owner declared bankruptcy early in 1937, the freighter was sold to Matson Navigation Company and renamed Lihue. She was then mainly employed to transport sugar and canned fruit from the Hawaiian Islands to the ports on the East Coast of the United States. In February 1942 she was chartered to transport general cargo and war supplies to the Middle East but was torpedoed by U-161 in the Caribbean Sea on February 23, and eventually sank three days later while in tow without loss of life.

Cansumset was a steam cargo ship built in 1918-1919 by Pacific Coast Shipbuilding Company of Bay Point for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was largely employed on the Pacific Coast of the United States to Europe route until 1921 when it was laid up and eventually broken up for scrap in 1930. Due to frequent breakdowns during her short career the freighter was known as the "Hoodoo" ship of the USSB.

Cockaponset was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Pacific Coast Shipbuilding Company of Bay Point for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was largely employed on the Gulf Coast of the United States to Europe route until 1930 when she was laid up. In late 1940 the ship together with 15 other vessels was acquired by the British government to alleviate significant shortage of tonnage due to an ongoing German U-boat campaign. In May 1941 the freighter was torpedoed and sunk on her first war trip to the United Kingdom.

SS <i>Cokesit</i>

Cokesit was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Guy M. Standifer Construction Company of Vancouver for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was largely employed on the East Coast of the United States to Australia route until 1928 when she was laid up. In late 1937 the ship together with several other vessels was bid on and subsequently acquired next year by the Greek tramp operator John D. Chandris to carry cargo from Australia to Greece and United Kingdom. The freighter was also renamed Adelfoi Chandris. Following the surrender of France, the ship was interned in Dakar and passed into Vichy government hands in 1940 and renamed Saint Marin. Under the terms of Nevers Agreement she eventually was transferred to Italy and renamed Catania. In early August 1943 the vessel together with several other ships was bombed and damaged in Naples harbor by the Allied aircraft.

Olockson was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Guy M. Standifer Construction Company of Vancouver for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. In March 1920, only on her second voyage, the vessel caught fire and had to be abandoned by the crew. The ship was subsequently towed to Baltimore where she was broken up in 1924.

Antinous was a Design 1015 ship steam cargo ship built in 1919–1920 by Guy M. Standifer Construction Company of Vancouver for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was chiefly employed on the Gulf to Europe routes throughout her career. In September 1942, while on a passage to British Guiana to load her cargo, she was torpedoed and sunk by German submarines operating at the time in the Caribbean.

Yaklok was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Seattle North Pacific Shipbuilding Company of Seattle for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel made several trips to Europe during the first two years of her career before being laid up in mid-1921 and eventually being broken up for scrap in 1930.

Lakeside Bridge was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was chiefly employed on the East Coast and Gulf to Europe routes throughout her short career. In December 1920 the vessel went ashore in strong gale and was wrecked without loss of life.

SS <i>Agawam</i> Steam cargo ship built in 1917–1918

Agawam was a steam cargo ship built in 1917–1918 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was chiefly employed on the East Coast and Mexican Gulf to United Kingdom routes throughout her brief career, and was eventually laid up and scrapped in 1926.

Milwaukee Bridge was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was first briefly employed on the East Coast to United Kingdom route in the first two years of her career before being laid up at the end of 1921. In 1927 she was acquired by Matson Navigation Company to operate between California and Hawaii and renamed Malama. On New Year's day 1942 while en route to New Zealand under U.S. Army operation with cargo of military supplies she was discovered by Japanese merchant raiders and was scuttled by her crew to prevent capture.

References

  1. ↑ "Volcanic Name Assigned To Big Ship At Launching". Long Beach Press. 13 September 1919. p. 20. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  2. ↑ "Valley Island Wins Honor Of Naming Vessel". The Honolulu Advertiser . 5 March 1919. p. 7. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  3. 1 2 3 Register of Ships Owned by United States Shipping Board. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. 1 August 1920. p. 41.
  4. 1 2 3 Merchant Vessels of the United States. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. 1920–1921. p. 107.
  5. ↑ Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motorships. London: Lloyd's Register. 1921–1922.
  6. ↑ "New Haleakala To Have Speed Eleven Knots". Long Beach Press. 29 September 1919. p. 14. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  7. ↑ "News Items Of Interest". Long Beach Telegram. 26 November 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  8. ↑ "Shipping News". San Pedro Daily News. 4 December 1919. p. 5.
  9. ↑ "New Boat To Carry L.A. Cargo To India". Los Angeles Evening Express. 1 December 1919. p. 13. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  10. ↑ "Sailed From This Port". The San Francisco Examiner . 7 January 1920. p. 14.
  11. ↑ "Haleakala's Crew Is Happy; Men Know How To Pronounce Name". Honolulu Star-Bulletin . 16 January 1920. p. 10. Retrieved 20 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  12. ↑ "Marine Exchange Shipping News". The San Francisco Examiner . 12 February 1920. p. 27.
  13. ↑ "Animals Take Over Ship From Calcutta". The Sacramento Bee . 30 April 1920. p. 6. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  14. ↑ "West Selene Used Her Anchor Chain As Part Of Her Lengthy Tow Line". Honolulu Star-Bulletin . 20 April 1920. p. 6. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  15. ↑ "Monkey Tribe Grows". The San Francisco Examiner . 3 May 1920. p. 17. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  16. ↑ "Marine Exchange Shipping News". The San Francisco Examiner . 22 October 1920. p. 21. Retrieved 24 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  17. ↑ "S.S. Wawalona Fixed For U.K.; Will Load Flour". The Oregon Daily Journal . 21 October 1920. p. 16. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  18. ↑ "Big Cargoes To Leave Portland By Water Route". The Oregon Daily Journal . 13 November 1920. p. 15. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  19. ↑ "Marine Reports: Arrived Yesterday". The New York Tribune . 20 February 1921. p. 16.
  20. ↑ "Ship Allocations". The New York Tribune . 14 April 1922. p. 18. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  21. ↑ "Shipping News". New York Herald . 13 May 1922. p. 19.
  22. ↑ "Port of Baltimore: Memoranda". The Baltimore Sun . 9 July 1922. p. 21.
  23. ↑ "Local Port News And Ship Activity". The Baltimore Sun . 3 September 1922. p. 23. Retrieved 28 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  24. ↑ "News Of Ships And Shipping Men". The Philadelphia Inquirer . 18 January 1925. p. 78. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  25. ↑ "Port Of Boston". The Boston Globe . 25 October 1923. p. 5. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  26. ↑ "Port Of Boston". The Boston Globe . 26 July 1924. p. 8. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  27. ↑ "News Of The Ships And Shipping Men". The Philadelphia Inquirer . 22 August 1926. p. 20.
  28. ↑ "News Of The Ships And Shipping Men". The Philadelphia Inquirer . 20 August 1926. p. 11. Retrieved 28 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  29. ↑ "The Tribune Shipping News: At Other Ports". The Tampa Tribune . 4 September 1926. p. 25.
  30. ↑ "Fear Ships From Hampton Roads Caught In Storm And Many Lives Are Lost". Daily Press . 22 October 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
  31. ↑ "Shipping News: Marine Disasters". Daily Press . 20 October 1926. p. 13. Retrieved 25 July 2021– via Newspapers.com. Lock-green.svg
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.