Saint Martin impact structure | |
---|---|
Impact crater/structure | |
Confidence | Confirmed |
Diameter | 40 km (25 mi) |
Age | 227.8 ± 1.1 Ma Carnian |
Exposed | No |
Drilled | Yes |
Location | |
Coordinates | 51°47′N98°32′W / 51.783°N 98.533°W |
Country | Canada |
Province | Manitoba |
Municipality | Grahamdale |
Saint Martin is an impact structure in Manitoba, Canada. [1] It is located in the northern part of the Rural Municipality of Grahamdale, northwest of Lake St. Martin.
The impact structure is 40 km (25 mi) in diameter and its age was determined to be 227.8 ± 1.1 million years [2] (Carnian stage of the Triassic) using the argon-argon dating technique. The crater is well preserved but poorly exposed at the surface as the whole region is covered by glacial drift.
It had previously been suggested by Geophysicist David Rowley of the University of Chicago, working with John Spray of the University of New Brunswick and Simon Kelley of the Open University, that the Saint Martin structure may have been part of a hypothetical multiple impact event which also formed the Manicouagan impact structure in northern Quebec, Rochechouart impact structure in France, Obolon' crater in Ukraine, and Red Wing crater in North Dakota. [3] All of the impact structures had previously been known and studied, but their paleoalignment had never before been demonstrated. Rowley has said that the chance that these structures could be aligned like this due to chance are nearly zero. [4]
Manicouagan Reservoir is an annular lake in central Quebec, Canada, covering an area of 1,942 km2 (750 sq mi). The lake island in its centre is known as René-Levasseur Island, and its highest point is Mount Babel. The structure was created 214 (±1) million years ago, in the Late Triassic, by the impact of a meteorite 5 km (3 mi) in diameter. The lake and island are clearly seen from space and are sometimes called the "eye of Quebec". The lake has a volume of 137.9 km3 (33.1 cu mi).
Carswell is an impact structure within the Athabasca Basin of the Canadian Shield in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is 39 kilometres (24 mi) in diameter and the age is estimated to be 115 ± 10 million years. The impact structure is exposed at the surface.
Deep Bay is a bay near the south-western tip of Reindeer Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. The bay is strikingly circular and very deep in an otherwise irregular and shallow lake. It is the deepest body of water in Saskatchewan.
Gow is an impact crater in Saskatchewan, Canada.
Karikkoselkä is a lake formed in an impact crater in Petäjävesi, Finland. Karikkoselkä is located approximately 30 km east from the centre of Keurusselkä, a much older and larger impact crater. Most lakes in the region are elongated in northwest–southeast direction due to glaciation, but Karikkoselkä is strikingly round.
Keurusselkä is a lake in Central Finland between the towns of Keuruu to the north and Mänttä to the south. It covers an area of 117.3 km2 (45.3 sq mi). Its average depth is 6.4 m (21 ft) with a maximum depth of 40 m (130 ft). The surface lies at 105.4 m (346 ft) above sea level. The lake is 27 km (17 mi) long and is a part of the Kokemäenjoki water system. Keurusselkä gained international publicity in 2004 when a pair of amateur geologists discovered an ancient impact structure on the western shore of the lake.
Lappajärvi is a lake in Finland, in the municipalities of Lappajärvi, Alajärvi and Vimpeli. It is formed in a 23 km (14 mi) wide, partly eroded meteorite impact crater. The lake is part of Ähtävänjoki basin together with Lake Evijärvi that is located downstream (north) of it.
Mistastin crater is a meteorite crater in Labrador, Canada which contains the roughly circular Mistastin Lake. The lake is approximately 16 km (9.9 mi) in diameter, while the estimated diameter of the original crater is 28 km (17 mi). The age of the crater is calculated to be 36.6 ± 2 million years (Eocene).
Obolon' crater is a 20 km (12 mi) diameter buried meteorite impact crater situated about 200 km (120 mi) southeast of Kyiv in Ukraine . The site has been drilled, which revealed the presence of shocked minerals and impact melt rock; the high chlorine content of the latter suggesting that the area was covered by shallow sea at the time of impact. One estimate puts the age at 169 ± 7 million years.
Puchezh-Katunki is a meteor crater located in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast of the Volga Federal District, Russia. It is 80 km (50 mi) in diameter. Argon–argon dating has constrained the age of formation to be 195.9 ± 1.0 million years old, placing it within the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic. The crater is not exposed to the surface, but appears as variation in the vegetation. The Earth Impact Database lists a rim-to-rim diameter of 40 kilometres (25 mi).
Red Wing or Red Wing Creek structure is a meteor crater located in McKenzie County, North Dakota, about 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Watford City, North Dakota, United States.
Rochechouart impact structure or Rochechouart astrobleme is an impact structure in France. Erosion has over the millions of years mostly destroyed its impact crater, the initial surface expression of the asteroid impact leaving highly deformed bedrock and fragments of the crater's floor as evidence of it.
Strangways is a large impact structure, the eroded remnant of a former impact crater, located in the Northern Territory of Australia about 65 kilometres (40 mi) east-south-east of the town of Mataranka. It was named after the nearby Strangways River. The location is remote and difficult to access. Its age has been determined as approximately 646 Ma.
Suvasvesi is a lake in Eastern Finland near the town of Kuopio. Suvasvesi consists of two circular open lakes, Kuukkarinselkä in north and Haapaselkä in south. The lakes are separated by a group of islands. The lake has 688 islands in total. The area of the lake is 234 square kilometres (90 sq mi) making it the 18th largest lake in Finland. Kuukkarinselkä is the third deepest lake in Finland measuring 89.0 metres (292.0 ft) in the deepest point.
Viewfield is an impact crater in Saskatchewan, Canada.
The Lac Wiyâshâkimî, also called the Clearwater Lakes in English and Allait Qasigialingat by the Inuit, are a pair of annular lakes and possible impact craters on the Canadian Shield in Quebec, Canada, near Hudson Bay.
The Siljan Ring is a prehistoric impact structure in Dalarna, central Sweden. It is one of the 15 largest known impact structures on Earth and the largest in Europe, with a diameter of about 52 kilometres (32 mi). The impact that created the Siljan Ring occurred when a meteorite collided with the Earth's surface during the Devonian period. The exact timing of the impact has been estimated at 376.8 ± 1.7 Ma or at 377 ± 2 Ma. This impact has been proposed as a cause of the first Devonian extinction, the Kellwasser Event or Late Frasnian extinction, due to it being believed by some researchers to coincide around the time of the Kellwasser event at 376.1 Ma ± 1.6 Ma, although the timing of this extinction event has since been pushed forward to 371.93–371.78 Ma. The effects of the impact can clearly be seen in the bedrock in the area. The Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian sedimentary rocks deformed by the impact are rich in fossils.