Saser Kangri is a mountain in India. It is the highest peak in the Saser Muztagh,the easternmost subrange of the Karakoram range. Sasir Kangri is located within Ladakh,the northernmost union territory in India.
The Siachen Glacier is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas at about 35.421226°N 77.109540°E,just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan ends. At 76 km (47 mi) long,it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas. It falls from an altitude of 5,753 m (18,875 ft) above sea level at its head at Indira Col on the India–China border down to 3,620 m (11,875 ft) at its terminus. The entire Siachen Glacier,with all major passes,has been under the administration of India as part of the union territory of Ladakh,located in the Kashmir region since 1984. Pakistan maintains a territorial claim over the Siachen Glacier and controls the region west of Saltoro Ridge,lying west of the glacier,with Pakistani posts located 1 km below more than 100 Indian posts on the ridge.
K12 is the second highest peak in the Saltoro Mountains,a subrange of the Karakoram range in the Siachen region of Ladakh. Its name comes from its designation given during the original survey of the Karakoram range. In 1984,an Indian army expedition under Colonel Prem Chand took hold of this peak,from the side of Siachen glacier by traversing from the west.
Oropolitics comes from the Greek oros meaning mountain and politikos meaning citizen. In modern usage it denotes the use of mountaineering for political purposes.
Operation Meghdoot was the codename for the Indian Armed Forces' operation to seize control of the Siachen Glacier in the then state of Jammu and Kashmir,precipitating the Siachen conflict. Executed in the morning of 13 April 1984 in the highest battlefield in the world,Meghdoot was the first military offensive of its kind. The operation preempted Pakistan's impending Operation Ababeel and was a success,resulting in Indian forces gaining control of the Siachen Glacier in its entirety.
The Saltoro Mountains form a subrange within the Karakoram Range and are situated in the southeastern part of the Karakoram. They lie on the southwest side of the Siachen Glacier,which is one of the two longest glaciers in the world outside the polar regions. The name "Saltoro" is also associated with the Saltoro Valley,located west of this range and descending on the Pakistani side of the Saltoro Range,which generally follows the Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL).
The Rimo Muztagh is one of the most remote subranges of the Karakoram range. The southern part of Rimo Muztagh is in the Ladakh portion of far northwestern India,also claimed by Pakistan. The northern half,including the Rimo massif,is in the Siachen area. It is far from major towns,and close to the militarily sensitive Siachen Glacier,so it has seen little exploration or climbing activity compared to,for example,the nearby Baltoro Muztagh. The highest peak is Mamostong Kangri,7,516 metres.
Mamostong Kangri or Mamostang Kangri,surveyed as K35,is the highest peak in the remote Rimo Muztagh,a subrange of the Karakoram range in Ladakh union territory of India. It is located about 30 km east-southeast of the snout of the Siachen Glacier. It is the 48th-highest independent peak in the world.
The Teram Kangri group is a mountain massif in the remote Siachen Muztagh,a subrange of the Karakoram range. The high point of the group,and of the Siachen Muztagh,is Teram Kangri I. The peak lies on the boundary between disputed China controlled Trans-Karakoram Tract and the disputed Siachen Glacier section controlled by India. The northeast side of the peak is in Chinese-controlled territory,the southwest side is controlled by India. Teram Kangri I was first climbed on August 10,1975,by a Japanese expedition led by H. Katayama,which obtained a permit from the Government of Pakistan and made the long approach via Bilafond La. They climbed the SW ridge of Teram Kangri II and then took the East ridge to the top. Teram Kangri II was climbed on August 12 and 13 by six Japanese climbers.
Ghent Kangri is a high peak near the north end of the Saltoro Mountains,a subrange of the Karakoram range. It is located west of the Siachen Glacier near the Actual Ground Position Line between India and Pakistan.
The Siachen conflict,sometimes referred to as the Siachen Glacier conflict or the Siachen War,was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed 1,000-square-mile (2,600 km2) Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir. The conflict was started in 1984 by India's successful capture of the Siachen Glacier as part of Operation Meghdoot,and continued with Operation Rajiv in 1987. India took control of the 70-kilometre-long (43 mi) Siachen Glacier and its tributary glaciers,as well as all the main passes and heights of the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier,including Sia La,Bilafond La,and Gyong La. Pakistan controls the glacial valleys immediately west of the Saltoro Ridge. A cease-fire went into effect in 2003,but both sides maintain a heavy military presence in the area. The conflict has resulted in thousands of deaths,mostly due to natural hazards. External commentators have characterized it as pointless,given the perceived uselessness of the territory,and indicative of bitter stubbornness on both sides.
Bilafond La (meaning "Pass of the Butterflies" in Balti language,also known as the Saltoro Pass,is a mountain pass situated on Saltoro Ridge,sitting immediately west of the vast Siachen Glacier,some 40 km directly north of map point NJ 980420 which defined the end of the 1972 Line of Control between Pakistan and India as part of the Simla Agreement. Bilafond La is on the ancient Silk Route linking the Indian Subcontinent and China.
Sia La is a mountain pass situated on Saltoro Ridge,in Ladakh,India,some 60 km (37 mi) north-northwest of map point NJ9842 which defined the end of the 1972 Line of Control between India and Pakistan as part of the Simla Agreement. Sia La sits near the Chinese border and immediately northwest of the upper part of the vast Siachen Glacier,connecting that glacier to the Pakistani-controlled Kondus Glacier and valley to the west.
Siachen Base Camp,12,000 feet above sea level at Partapur,is a base camp of 102 Infantry Brigade of XIV Corps of Indian Army which protects 110 km long Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) with at least 108 forward military outposts and artillery observation posts in the disputed region of Siachen Glacier in Ladakh Union Territory of India. It is approximately 6 hours drive north from the town of Leh via one of the highest vehicle-accessible passes in the world,Khardung La at 17,582 feet. Bana Top (20,500 ft) is the highest post in the region,which requires 80 km and 20 day trek for troops. Pahalwan Post and posts near Indira Col are other high posts. Kumar Post or Kumar Base,named after the Colonel Narendra "Bull" Kumar,serves as the battalion head quarter located 60 km from the Siachen base towards Indira Col. The Siachen Brigade consists of five to eight battalions of Ladakh Scouts supported by artillery,air defence,engineer and other logistic units. Pakistan has not been able to scale the crest of the Saltoro Range occupied by India. The temperature goes down to minus 86 °C during winters with icy 300 kmph blizzards. The average temperature is between minus 25 °C during day and minus 55 °C during the night.
The Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) divides current positions of Indian and Pakistani military posts and troops along the entire 110 kilometres (68 mi) long frontline in the disputed region of Siachen Glacier. AGPL generally runs along the Saltoro Mountains range,beginning from the northernmost point of the (LOC) at Point NJ 9842 and ending in the north on the Indira Ridge at the India-China-Pakistan LAC tripoint near Sia Kangri about 4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of Indira Col West,with peaks in excess of 7,000 m (23,000 ft) and temperatures ranging to around −55 °C (−67 °F). India gained control of 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) of disputed territory in 1984 because of its military operations in Siachen. A cease-fire was announced in 2003.
NJ9842,also called NJ 980420,is the northernmost demarcated point of the India-Pakistan cease fire line in Kashmir known as the Line of Control (LoC). The India–Pakistan AGPL,begins from the NJ9842 on LoC and ends near the Indira Ridge at the trijunction of areas controlled by China,India,and Pakistan.
Chumik Glacier is located in the Siachen region. Located on the west of Saltoro ridge,it is a 4-mile-long offshoot of the Bilafond Glacier.
Colonel Narendra Kumar,PVSM,KC,AVSM,FRGS was an Indian soldier and mountaineer. He is known for his expeditions across various mountain ranges such as the Himalayas and Karakorams,and respective subranges such as the Pir Panjals and Saltoro Mountains. His reconnaissance efforts on the Siachen glacier were key to the Indian Army's reclamation of the forward posts of the glacier in Operation Meghdoot in 1984. He was the deputy leader of the first successful Indian Mount Everest expedition in 1965.
Apsarasas Kangri is a mountain in the Siachen subrange of the Karakoram mountain range. With an elevation of 7,245 m (23,770 ft) it is the 96th highest mountain in the world. Apsarasas Kangri is located within the broader Kashmir region disputed between India,Pakistan and China. It is situated on the border between the areas controlled by China as part of the Xinjiang autonomous region,and the Siachen Glacier controlled by India as part of Ladakh.
Saltoro valley is the highest valley in Pakistan and is located within the region of Baltistan. This valley is under the administration of Pakistan and is situated near the Saltoro Mountain Range which includes the prominent Saltoro Kangri peak and the Saltoro River. Saltoro Valley is in proximity to the Siachen Glacier,which is the world's highest battleground and a disputed territory between India and Pakistan.
