The Karakoram is a mountain range in the Kashmir region spanning the border of Pakistan,China,and India,with the northwestern extremity of the range extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Most of the Karakoram mountain range falls under the jurisdiction of Gilgit-Baltistan,which is controlled by Pakistan. Its highest peak,K2,is located in Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan. It begins in the Wakhan Corridor (Afghanistan) in the west,encompasses the majority of Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan and extends into Ladakh and Aksai Chin. It is part of the larger Trans-Himalayan mountain ranges.
Saser Kangri is a mountain in India. It is the highest peak in the Saser Muztagh,the easternmost subrange of the Karakoram range. Sasir Kangri is located within Ladakh.
The Siachen Glacier is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas at about 35.421226°N 77.109540°E,just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan ends. At 76 km (47 mi) long,it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas. It falls from an altitude of 5,753 m (18,875 ft) above sea level at its head at Indira Col on the India–China border down to 3,620 m (11,875 ft) at its terminus. The entire Siachen Glacier,with all major passes,has been under the administration of India as part of the union territory of Ladakh,located in the Kashmir region since 1984. Pakistan maintains a territorial claim over the Siachen Glacier and controls the region west of Saltoro Ridge,lying west of the glacier,with Pakistani posts located 1 km below more than 100 Indian posts on the ridge.
K12 is the second highest peak in the Saltoro Mountains,a subrange of the Karakoram range in the Siachen region and is administered as a part of Ladakh territory. Its name comes from its designation given during the original survey of the Karakoram range. In 1984,an Indian army expedition under Colonel Prem Chand took hold of this peak,from the side of Siachen glacier by traversing from the west.
Oropolitics comes from the Greek oros meaning mountain and politikos meaning citizen. In modern usage it denotes the use of mountaineering for political purposes.
Batura Sar,also referred to as Batura I,is the 25th-highest mountain on Earth and the 10th-highest in Pakistan. It is the highest peak of the Batura Muztagh,which is the westernmost subrange of the Karakoram range. It forms the apex of the Batura Wall,a continuously high part of the backbone of the Batura Muztagh.
Saltoro Kangri,previously known as Peak 36,stands as the highest peak within the Saltoro Mountains subrange,which is part of the larger Karakoram range. This subrange is also referred to as the Saltoro Range and is situated within the Karakoram region. The term "Saltoro Kangri" typically encompasses both of its twin peaks,Saltoro Kangri I and Saltoro Kangri II,which are connected by a saddle. When comparing heights,the generic term "Saltoro Kangri" is used for the taller of the two peaks,Saltoro Kangri I. This peak ranks as the 31st highest mountain globally and is located in the remote reaches of the Karakoram. It lies on the Actual Ground Position Line,dividing Indian-controlled territory in the Siachen region from Pakistani-controlled territory to the west of the Saltoro Range.
Operation Meghdoot was the codename for the Indian Armed Forces operation to take full control of the Siachen Glacier in Ladakh. Executed on the morning of 13 April 1984 in the highest battlefield in the world,Meghdoot was the first military offensive of its kind. This operation preempted Pakistan's Operation Ababeel and was a success,resulting in Indian forces gaining control of the Siachen Glacier in its entirety.
The Saltoro Mountains form a subrange within the Karakoram Range and are situated in the southeastern part of the Karakoram. They lie on the southwest side of the Siachen Glacier,which is one of the two longest glaciers in the world outside the polar regions. The name "Saltoro" is also associated with the Saltoro Valley,located west of this range and descending on the Pakistani side of the Saltoro Range,which generally follows the Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL).
The Rimo Muztagh is one of the most remote subranges of the Karakoram range. The southern part of Rimo Muztagh is in the Ladakh portion of far northwestern India,also claimed by Pakistan. The northern half,including the Rimo massif,is in the Siachen area. It is far from major towns,and close to the militarily sensitive Siachen Glacier,so it has seen little exploration or climbing activity compared to,for example,the nearby Baltoro Muztagh. The highest peak is Mamostong Kangri,7,516 metres.
The Siachen Muztagh is a remote subrange of the eastern Karakoram Range. Close to 60% is in area controlled by China,40% in area controlled by India. Pakistan claims the Indian-controlled portion as part of the Siachen Conflict. India claims the Chinese-controlled portion. India administers its portion as part of the Union Territory of Ladakh. China administers its portion as part of Xinjiang province.
The Rimo massif lies in the northern part of the remote Rimo Muztagh,a subrange of the Karakoram range. It is located about 20 km northeast of the snout of the Siachen Glacier and its main summit,Rimo I is the world's 71st highest mountain with an elevation of 7,385 metres (24,229 ft). The massif heads the large Central Rimo Glacier and South Rimo Glacier,as well as the smaller North Terong Glacier.
Mamostong Kangri or Mamostang Kangri,surveyed as K35,is the highest peak in the remote Rimo Muztagh,a subrange of the Karakoram range in Ladakh union territory of India. It is located about 30 km east-southeast of the snout of the Siachen Glacier. It is the 48th-highest independent peak in the world.
Ghent Kangri is a high peak near the north end of the Saltoro Mountains,a subrange of the Karakoram range. It is located west of the Siachen Glacier near the Actual Ground Position Line between India and Pakistan.
Baltoro Kangri is a mountain of the Karakoram mountain range in Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan. Baltoro Kangri is the 82nd highest mountain in the world with an elevation of 7,312 metres (23,990 ft). It lies to the south of the Gasherbrums and east of Chogolisa Peak. The huge Baltoro Glacier rises from the foot of Baltoro Kangri. On the northern side of Baltoro Kangri lies the Abruzzi Glacier.
The Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) divides current positions of Indian and Pakistani military posts and troops along the entire 110 kilometres (68 mi) long frontline in the disputed region of Siachen Glacier. AGPL generally runs along the Saltoro Mountains range,beginning from the northernmost point of the (LOC) at Point NJ 9842 and ending in the north on the Indira Ridge at the India-China-Pakistan LAC tripoint near Sia Kangri about 4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of Indira Col West,with peaks in excess of 7,000 m (23,000 ft) and temperatures ranging to around −55 °C (−67 °F). India gained control of 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) of disputed territory in 1984 because of its military operations in Siachen. A cease-fire was announced in 2003.
Indira Col West is a mountain pass at 5,988 metres (19,646 ft)) altitude on the Indira Ridge of Siachen Muztagh in Karakoram Range. It is on the border between Indian-controlled Siachen Glacier and the Chinese-controlled Trans-Karakoram Tract,close to the tripoint of India,Pakistan,and China. The India-Pakistan Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) in the Siachen area ends near the pass. It is possible to ascend the pass from both the north and south sides controlled by China and India respectively.
Sia Kangri is a mountain in the Baltoro Muztagh in the Karakoram. Its summit lies on the border of Pakistan and China. About a kilometer southeast of the Sia Kangri summit is the tri point where territories controlled by India,Pakistan and China meet. Territories on all sides are disputed. The land immediately to the southwest of the peak is claimed by both Pakistan and India and controlled by Pakistan. The land to the northeast is part of the Trans-Karakoram Tract,controlled by China under a 1963 border agreement with Pakistan but is claimed by India. The land to the southeast is claimed by Pakistan and India,but controlled by India,as a part of Ladakh. It is the 63rd highest mountain in the world,and the 25th highest in Pakistan. The peak is on the watershed between the Indus River basin and the Tarim Basin. Indira Col which is 3 km to the east is India's northernmost point.
Colonel Narendra Kumar,PVSM,KC,AVSM,FRGS was an Indian soldier and mountaineer. He is known for his expeditions across various mountain ranges such as the Himalayas and Karakorams,and respective subranges such as the Pir Panjals and Saltoro Mountains. His reconnaissance efforts on the Siachen glacier were key to the Indian Army's reclamation of the forward posts of the glacier in Operation Meghdoot in 1984. He was the deputy leader of the first successful Indian Mount Everest expedition in 1965.
Apsarasas Kangri is a mountain in the Siachen subrange of the Karakoram mountain range. With an elevation of 7,245 m (23,770 ft) it is the 96th highest mountain in the world. Apsarasas Kangri is located within the broader Kashmir region disputed between India,Pakistan and China. It is situated on the border between the areas controlled by China as part of the Xinjiang autonomous region,and the Siachen Glacier controlled by India as part of Ladakh.
