| Santa Marta antpitta | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaria |
| Species: | G. bangsi |
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaria bangsi Allen, 1900 | |
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The Santa Marta antpitta (Grallaria bangsi) is a Vulnerable species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia. [1] [2]
The Santa Marta antpitta is monotypic. [2] Its closest relative appears to be the Cundinamarca antpitta (G. kaestneri). Its specific epithet honors Outram Bangs. [3]
Grallaria antpittas are a "wonderful group of plump and round antbirds whose feathers are often fluffed up...they have stout bills [and] very short tails". [4] The Santa Marta antpitta is 17 to 18 cm (6.7 to 7.1 in) long; one male weighed 62 g (2.2 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly dark olive-brown crown, nape, and upperparts. Their flight feathers and tail are brownish olive. They have buffy whitish lores and a narrow buffy ring around their eye on an otherwise white-streaked olive-brown face. Their throat is deep ochraceous buff. Their underparts are whitish with wide dusky olive-brown streaks. Both sexes have a dark brown iris, a bluish gray bill, and dark gray to bluish gray or leaden blue legs and feet. [3] [5]
The Santa Marta antpitta is found only in the isolated Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia's Magdalena Department. It inhabits the floor and understory in the interior and edges of humid cloudforest and mature secondary forest. It is frequently seen in clearings and along roadsides. In elevation it ranges from 1,200 to 2,500 m (3,900 to 8,200 ft) and perhaps somewhat higher. Most encounters are above 1,600 m (5,200 ft). [3] [5]
The Santa Marta antpitta is believed to be resident throughout its range. [3]
The Santa Marta antpitta is one of several antpittas that regularly come to feeding stations set up to allow viewing them. There they are fed earthworms and similar invertebrates, which are thought to also be a large part of their natural diet. In the wild they also feed on arthropods, seeds, and small vertebrates like frogs. They are almost entirely terrestrial, hopping on the ground to seek prey and only occasionally moving up to a low perch. [3]
The Santa Marta antpitta's apparent breeding season spans at least from September to January. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology. [3]
The Santa Marta antpitta's song is "2½ whistled notes, upslurred and interrogative at end". [5] Its call is "a single, squeaky, rising queet". [3]
The IUCN has assessed the Santa Marta antpitta as Vulnerable. It has a small range and its estimated population of 19,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is increasingly being destroyed and fragmented by illegal agricultural expansion, logging and burning. Only about 15% of the sierra's vegetation is unaltered, and the species' range has probably lost about 40% of original forests." [1] It is considered common within its limited range but "severe degradation of remaining forest habitat [despite] formal protection in the Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, may lead to an upgrade in its threat status in the near future." [3]
The Tachira antpitta is a Critically Endangered bird species in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The band-tailed guan is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The streak-capped spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The moustached antpitta is a Vulnerable species of bird placed in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The ochre-striped antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The elusive antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Brazil and Peru.
The great antpitta is a Near Threatened species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The scaled antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
The plain-backed antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Cundinamarca antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The chestnut-crowned antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The undulated antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The variegated antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, the Guianas, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela.
Watkins's antpitta is a Near Threatened species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The Andean tit-spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Santa Marta wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The olive-backed woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Santa Marta antbird is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia.
The hermit wood wren or Santa Marta wood wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia.
The Sierra Nevada antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was recently elevated from subspecies to species based on differences in plumage and vocalizations and genetic evidence.
