Senna artemisioides

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Silver cassia
Senna artemisioides subsp. alicia Fagg.jpg
Subspecies alicia in the West MacDonnell National Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Senna
Species:
S. artemisioides
Binomial name
Senna artemisioides
Synonyms [1]

Senna artemisioides, commonly known as silver cassia, [2] [3] [4] is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia, where it is found in all mainland states and territories. It is a small, woody shrub with silver-green leaves and yellow flowers.

Contents

Description

Senna artemisioides is a small shrub 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) high with grey-green or silvery mostly pinnate leaves, leaflets in pairs of one to eight, variable, 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) long, equal or increasing in size from the leaf base and sessile. The flowers are borne in clusters in leaf axils on a peduncle about 15 mm (0.59 in) long, 1.5 cm (0.59 in) in diameter, petals yellow, 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long, pedicel about 10 mm (0.39 in) long and the sepals 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and greenish. Flowering occurs from April to November and the fruit is a linear-shaped pod 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long, 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) wide, smooth, flattened and straight. [2] [5]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first described in 1825 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, who gave it the name Cassia artemisioides in his Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , [6] from an unpublished description by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré of specimens collected by Charles Fraser. [7] In 1989 Barbara Rae Randell raised the genus Senna in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens , and transferred C. artemisioides to the new genus as S. artemisioides. [8] [9] The Latin specific epithet (artemisioides) means "resembling Artemisia ", a different group of plants often known as wormwood. [10]

Senna artemisioides is known as wormwood senna in the U.K., [11] and as silver senna in the U.S., where it is an introduced species. [12] [13]

As of May 2023, the names of six subspecies of S. artemisioides are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Four hybrid subspecies are also recognised by the Australian Plant Census:

A further two subspecies are named, but as of May 2023, not formally described:

Distribution

Silver cassia is endemic to Australia, occurring in all mainland states and territories, and has been introduced to California, the Canary Islands, Cyprus, India, Iraq, Spain and Zimbabwe. [13]

Ecology

S. artemisioides is a recognized larval food plant for several species of butterfly and moth, including the small grass yellow, icilius blue, twig looper, blotched satin moth and bag-shelter moth. [60] [61] [62] Seed dispersal is aided by ants which eat the arils. [63]

Use in horticulture

Senna artemisioides adapts to a wide range of climatic conditions, but is susceptible to frost, especially when young. It prefers dry, well-drained sites with full sun. As an ornamental plant, it is propagated readily from seed, which should first be briefly immersed in boiling water. [64]

This species has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [11] [65]

Images of subspecies

Related Research Articles

Petiolaris is a Latin name often found in taxonomy to refer to a petiole or leaf stalk.:

<i>Senna multiglandulosa</i> Species of legume

Senna multiglandulosa, commonly known as glandular senna, downy senna, or buttercup bush is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Mexico, Guatemala, and western parts of South America. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves, usually with six to eight pairs of linear to lance-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of ten to twenty, with seven fertile stamens in each flower. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and in some areas of the world has become naturalized.

<i>Senna occidentalis</i> Species of plant

Senna occidentalis, commonly known as coffee senna, styptic weed, or septicweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to the southern United States of America, Mexico and South America. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves, with three to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two to four, with six fertile stamens in each flower. It is an aggressive, pantropical weed.

<i>Senna septemtrionalis</i> Species of legume

Senna septemtrionalis, commonly known as arsenic bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Central America, the southern United States and Mexico, but is naturalised in many other countries. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves, with four or five pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of five to eight, usually with seven fertile stamens and four staminodes in each flower.

<i>Senna notabilis</i> Species of plant

Senna notabilis, commonly known as cockroach bush, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect, softly-hairy, annual or perennial shrub with pinnate leaves with six to twelve pairs of lance-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of twenty to thirty, with seven fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna aciphylla</i> Species of legume

Senna aciphylla, commonly known as sprawling senna or Australian senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a sprawling shrub with pinnate leaves with eight to twelve pairs of linear to narrowly elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers in pairs or groups of three.

<i>Senna barclayana</i> Species of legume

Senna barclayana, commonly known as smooth senna or pepper-leaf senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a herbaceous perennial or subshrub with pinnate leaves with six to ten pairs of lance-shaped or narrowly elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers in groups of six to ten.

<i>Senna barronfieldii</i> Species of legume

Senna barronfieldii, commonly known as southern cassia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect shrub with more or less glabrous, pinnate leaves with eight to thirteen pairs of lance-shaped or elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers in groups of three to five.

<i>Senna cardiosperma</i> Species of legume

Senna cardiosperma is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the western half of Australia. It is an erect shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves, the number and shape of the leaflets depending on subspecies, yellow flowers with ten fertile stamens in each flower, and flat pods.

<i>Senna charlesiana</i> Species of legume

Senna charlesiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with cylindrical leaves, sometimes with one or two pairs of cylindrical leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in pairs or groups of three or four, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna circinnata</i> Species of legume

Senna circinnata, commonly known as coiled cassia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves with one to three pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and small groups of yellow flowers in upper leaf axils.

<i>Senna clavigera</i> Species of legume

Senna clavigera, commonly known as pepper leaf senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a perennial herb with pinnate leaves with four to seven pairs of lance-shaped to elliptic leaflets, and groups of four to twenty yellow flowers in upper leaf axils.

<i>Senna coronilloides</i> Species of legume

Senna coronilloides, commonly known as brigalow senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect, sprawling shrub with pinnate leaves with nine to twelve pairs of elliptic leaflets, and groups of three to five yellow flowers in upper leaf axils.

Senna curvistyla is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is an undershrub with pinnate leaves with two or three pairs of narrowly elliptic to elliptic leaflets, the flowers yellow and arranged in groups of two or three, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

Senna flexuosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect or spreading shrub with pinnate leaves with ten to thirteen pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of three to five, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

Senna glaucifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to arid Central Australia. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves with two to four pairs of elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of four to seven, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna glutinosa</i> Species of legume

Senna glutinosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to central and northern arid areas of Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves with up to seven pairs of leaflets, their shape depending on subspecies, and yellow flowers arranged in groups with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

Senna heptanthera is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Arnhem Land in the north of the Northern Territory. It is a creeping, herbaceous perennial with pinnate leaves with one or two pairs of broadly egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of eight to ten, with seven fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna magnifolia</i> Species of legume

Senna magnifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect, spreading or straggling, mostly glabrous shrub with pinnate leaves with four to six pairs of broadly oblong to round leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of twenty to sixty, with seven fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna pleurocarpa</i> Species of legume

Senna pleurocarpa, commonly known as fire bush or chocolate bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a spreading shrub with pinnate leaves with five to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and groups of five to twelve yellow flowers arranged in dense groups of twenty to sixty on the ends of branches and in upper leaf axils.

References

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