Sidalcea

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Sidalcea
Sidalcea malachroides 4.jpg
Sidalcea malachroides
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Sidalcea
A. Gray ex Benth.
Species

See text

Sidalcea is a genus (approx. 25 species [1] [2] ) of the botanical family Malvaceae. It contains several species of flowering plants known generally as checkerblooms or checkermallows, or prairie mallows in the United Kingdom. They can be annuals or perennials, some rhizomatous. They are native to West and Central North America.

Contents

In mid- to late summer the clumps of toothed basal leaves produce erect flowering stems, with 5-petalled mallow-type flowers in terminal racemes, in shades of pink, white and purple. [3]

Sidalcea is generally diploid (2n = 20), but polyploidy (4n, 6n) also occurs. [1]

Annuality appears to have evolved multiple times (4+) within this genus, although an ancestral annual state with annual paraphyly is also possible. Further, evolution rates within annual Sidalcea lineages appear to be faster than those of perennial lineages, at least when examining nuclear ribosomal DNA (internal and external transcribed spacer regions). [1] [2]

Selected species:

(A = annual, P = perennial [1] )

Garden cultivars are hybrids between S. candida and S. malviflora. The perennial cultivars "Elsie Heugh", [5] 'Oberon' [6] and "William Smith" [7] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Canna</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the family Cannaceae

Canna or canna lily is the only genus of flowering plants in the family Cannaceae, consisting of 10 species. All of the genus's species are native to the American tropics and naturalized in Europe, India and Africa in the 1860s. Although they grow native to the tropics, most cultivars have been developed in temperate climates and are easy to grow in most countries of the world, as long as they receive at least 6–8 hours average sunlight during the summer, and are moved to a warm location for the winter. See the Canna cultivar gallery for photographs of Canna cultivars.

<i>Callirhoe</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Callirhoe is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. Its nine species are commonly known as poppy mallows and all are native to the prairies and grasslands of North America. Of the nine species, some are annuals while others are perennial plants.

<i>Sidalcea oregana <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> calva</i>

Sidalcea oregana var. calva, the Wenatchee Mountains checker-mallow, is a very rare flowering plant variety that occurs only in five locations in the Wenatchee Mountains of Chelan County, Washington, United States. The plant has been placed on the Endangered species list. It is the rarest known plant in Washington state.

<i>Ilex aquifolium</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae

Ilex aquifolium, the holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, or occasionally Christmas holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia. It is regarded as the type species of the genus Ilex, which by association is also called "holly". It is an evergreen tree or shrub found, for example, in shady areas of forests of oak and in beech hedges. In the British Isles it is one of very few native hardwood evergreen trees. It has a great capacity to adapt to different conditions and is a pioneer species that repopulates the margins of forests or clearcuts.

<i>Malva moschata</i> Species of flowering plant

Malva moschata, the musk mallow or musk-mallow, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to Europe and southwestern Asia, from Spain north to the British Isles and Poland, and east to southern Russia and Turkey. Growing to 60 cm (24 in) tall, it is a herbaceous perennial with hairy stems and foliage, and pink saucer-shaped flowers in summer.

<i>Geranium sanguineum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae

Geranium sanguineum, common names bloody crane's-bill or bloody geranium, is a species of hardy flowering herbaceous perennial plant in the cranesbill family Geraniaceae. It is also the county flower of Northumberland.

<i>Dicentra formosa</i> Species of flowering plants in the poppy family Papaveraceae

Dicentra formosa is a flowering plant with fern-like leaves and an inflorescence of drooping pink, purple, yellow or cream flowers native to the Pacific Coast of North America.

<i>Sparrmannia africana</i> Species of flowering plant

Sparrmannia africana, the African hemp or African linden, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae, native to open woodland in South Africa and Madagascar. It is one of up to seven species in the genus Sparrmannia. The genus name is after Anders Sparrman.

<i>Malva thuringiaca</i> Species of flowering plant

Malva thuringiaca, the garden tree-mallow, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae, native to eastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from southern Germany south to Italy, and east to southern Russia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey.

<i>Sidalcea calycosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea calycosa is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names annual checkerbloom, checker mallow, and vernal pool checkerbloom.

<i>Sidalcea covillei</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea covillei is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names Owens Valley sidalcea, and Owens Valley checkerbloom. It is endemic to the Owens Valley of Inyo County, California, where it grows on alkali flats and in alkaline meadows and springs. While it is limited to this single valley, it is known from 42 sites there, and several populations are relatively large, but are greatly diminished by historical standards.

<i>Sidalcea diploscypha</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea diploscypha is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name fringed checkerbloom. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the woodlands and valleys of the central part of the state.

<i>Sidalcea glaucescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea glaucescens is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name waxy checkerbloom.

<i>Sidalcea hirsuta</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea hirsuta is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name hairy checkerbloom.

<i>Sidalcea malviflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea malviflora is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, known by the common names dwarf checkerbloom, Greek mallow, prairie mallow and dwarf checkermallow.

<i>Sidalcea neomexicana</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea neomexicana is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names salt spring checkerbloom, Rocky Mountain checker-mallow, and New Mexico checker.

<i>Sidalcea oregana</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea oregana is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name Oregon checkerbloom.

<i>Sidalcea reptans</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea reptans is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name Sierra checkerbloom and Sierra checker mallow.

<i>Sidalcea stipularis</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea stipularis is a rare species of flowering plant in the mallow family, known by the common name Scadden Flat checkerbloom.

<i>Sidalcea nelsoniana</i> Species of flowering plant

Sidalcea nelsoniana is a rare species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names Nelson's checkerbloom and Nelson's checkermallow. It is native to the Willamette Valley and Coast Range of Oregon and the southwestern corner of Washington in the United States. It is threatened by the destruction and degradation of its habitat, and it is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Andreasen, Katarina; Baldwin, Bruce G. (2003-03-01). "Reexamination of relationships, habital evolution, and phylogeography of checker mallows (Sidalcea; Malvaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic data". American Journal of Botany. 90 (3): 436–444. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.3.436. ISSN   0002-9122. PMID   21659137.
  2. 1 2 Andreasen, K.; Baldwin, B. G. (2001-06-01). "Unequal evolutionary rates between annual and perennial lineages of checker mallows (Sidalcea, Malvaceae): evidence from 18S-26S rDNA internal and external transcribed spacers". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (6): 936–944. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003894 . ISSN   0737-4038. PMID   11371581.
  3. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN   978-1405332965.
  4. ↑ "Sidalcea hirtipes C.L. Hitchc. hairy-stemmed checker-mallow" (PDF). Hitchcock 1957 referenced. Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved March 3, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector Sidalcea 'Elsie Heugh' AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  6. ↑ "Sidalcea 'Oberon'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  7. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector Sidalcea 'William Smith' AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  8. ↑ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 97. Retrieved 11 November 2018.


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