Sihanaka dialect

Last updated
Sihanaka
Native to
Ethnicity Sihanaka
Native speakers
695,000 [1]
Austronesian
Language codes
ISO 639-1 mg
ISO 639-3 plt
Glottolog siha1244
Linguasphere 31-LDA-ab


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Sihanaka is a dialect of Malagasy spoken by Sihanaka people in the region of Lake Alaotra. [2] [3]

Contents

Classification

Sihanaka is an austronesian language part of Central-Eastern Malagasic [4] and part of the Plateau branch of Malagasy language alongside with Merina, Antefasy,Antemoro, Tanala and Betsileo.

Characteristics

The Sihanaka dialect is considered an older form of Merina, retaining broader and more provincial features. While largely intelligible with Merina, it preserves vocabulary now obsolete in Imerina, such as mivony ("to hide") and manjary ("beautiful" or "proper"). [5]

Demonstrative prefixes like tak- and ak- are still used in Sihanaka, as in other dialects of the Northern Malagasy group (e.g., Tsimihety, Northern Betsimisaraka), as well as in Southern Betsimisaraka. In contrast, Merina has lost these prefixes.

Sihanaka also shares the word agnambo for "up / above" with Tsimihety, Northern Betsimisaraka, and Southern Betsimisaraka, while Merina uses ambony. [6]

Demonstrative Forms Common to Sihanaka, Northern Malagasy dialects, and Southern Betsimisaraka
GlossCentral-Eastern MalagasicNorthern Malagasic
Without prefixWith prefixWith prefix
MerinaSihanakaSouthern BetsimisarakaNorthern BetsimisarakaTsimihety
In (present moment)atoakatoakatoakatoakato
In (past moment)tatotakatotakatotakatotakato
In (general location)aoakaoakaoakaoakao
On (surface)eoakeoakeoakeoakeo
Hereetoaketoaketoaketoaketo
There (general location)anyakagnyakagnyakagnyakagny
There (past location)tanytakagnytakagnytakagnytakagny
There (recently passed spot)teotakeotakeotakeotakeo
Then (after that moment)avy eoavy akeoavy akeoavy akeoavy akeo
Spatial Lexicon
Up / aboveambonyagnamboagnamboagnamboagnambo

Territorial Range

In the Alaotra-Mangoro Region of Madagascar, the Sihanaka dialect is chiefly spoken within three districts — Ambatondrazaka District, Amparafaravola District, and Andilamena District — which together form the historical heartland of the Sihanaka people. It is also the most commonly spoken dialect in the city of Ambatondrazaka. [7] [8]

Vocabulary

Sihanaka Vocabulary with Gloss and Standard Malagasy
#GlossStandard MalagasySihanaka
Numbers & Pronouns
1OneIrayRaika
2Him / HisAzyAnanzy
3They / ThemIreo / ZareoZareo
People & Identity
4Woman / GirlVehivavyViavy
5His nameAnaranyAgnarany
6We call her HasinahHasinah no iantsoana azyHasinah agnantsonvangnan'azy
Nature & Food
7MangoMangaVoamanga
8Sweet potatoVoamangaTsimanga
9PapayaPapayMampazo
10PineappleMananasyManasy
11GoyavaGoavyGavo
Objects & Qualities
12ThingZavatraRàha
13Quality / PersonalityToetraToatra
14HugeNgezabeGedabe
Space & Place
15HereEtoAketo
16ThereEoAkeo
17InAoAkao
18In / InsideAnatyAgnaty
19AboveAmbonyAgnambo
20In the houseAo an-tranoAn-dragno
Time & Frequency
21AlwaysFoanaFoagna
22ThenAvy eoAvy takeo
23Till whenHatramin'ovianaKatram'oviana
Questions
24WhatInonaIno
25HowAhoanaAnakôry
Actions
26To hearMahenoMaregny
27Don’t fearAza matahotraAza matahatra

References

  1. "PeopleGroups.org - Sihanaka of Madagascar". peoplegroups.org.
  2. "The Sihanaka of Madagascar: God Speaks in Our Language - Wycliffe Bible Translators USA Homepage". www.wycliffe.org.
  3. Molet, Louis (1957). Petit guide de toponymie malgache (PDF) (in French). Tananarive: Scientific Research Institute of Madagascar, Department of Human Sciences. pp. map (unnumbered) + p. 8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) The map is placed before the numbered pages.
  4. Cust, Robert Needham (1878). A Sketch of the Modern Languages of the East Indies (Reprint 2013 ed.). Routledge. p. 71. ISBN   9780415245012.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  5. "The Antananarivo Annual and Madagascar Magazine". The Antananarivo Annual and Madagascar Magazine. 1 (1‑3). Press of the London Missionary Society (Antananarivo): 58. 1875.
  6. Jacques Dez, Cheminements linguistiques malgaches au-delà des grammaires usuelles, 1990, p. 111.
  7. "Bilan & évaluation des projets de conservation des sols de la région de Lac Alaotra" (PDF). Open‑Library (CIRAD). Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  8. Ferrand, Gabriel (1909). Essai de phonétique comparée du malais et des dialectes malgaches: thèse pour le doctorat d'université, présentée à la Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Paris (in French). Paris: Paul Geuthner. p. XL.