Sim racing wheel

Last updated

A race of Forza Motorsport 6, utilizing a Logitech G920, at the EB Games Expo 2015 EB Games Expo 2015 - Forza Motorsport 6.JPG
A race of Forza Motorsport 6 , utilizing a Logitech G920, at the EB Games Expo 2015

A sim racing wheel, also known as racing wheel, is a control device for use in racing games, racing simulators, and driving simulators. They are usually packaged with a large paddle styled as a steering wheel, along with a set of pedals for the accelerator, brake, and clutch, as well as transmission controls. An analog wheel and pedal set such as this allows the user to accurately manipulate steering angle and pedal control that is required to properly manage a simulated car, as opposed to digital control such as a keyboard. The relatively large range of motion further allows the user to more accurately apply the controls. Racing wheels have been developed for use with arcade games, game consoles, personal computers, and also for professional driving simulators for race drivers.

Contents

History

Racing wheels have long been a feature of arcade racing games, with a steering wheel typically part of the arcade cabinet. International Mutoscope Reel Company's electro‑mechanical (EM) game Drive Mobile (1941) featured a steering wheel. [1] Kasco's EM game Indy 500 (1968) featured a racing wheel and accelerator pedal. [2] [3] Atari's Gran Trak 10 (1974) was the first video game with a steering wheel. [4] [5] Sega's Out Run (1986) featured a hydraulic motion simulator cabinet with a force feedback racing wheel, a stick shift, and acceleration and brake pedals. [6] [7] [8]

In the home PC game market, racing wheels began appearing in the 1990s. One of the earliest racing wheels for the PC mass market was the Thrustmaster Formula T1, released in 1994. [9] [10] It had no force feedback, only some form of spring-based centering resistance proportional to the steering angle. [11] Two of the earliest FFB wheels for the consumer PC market were the Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel, [12] released in 1997, and the Logitech Wingman Formula Force.

Force feedback

Force feedback sim wheels have motors to simulate steering kickback. Racing wheels started off as simple plastic wheels hooked up to a rotary potentiometer, which were sprung by springs or bungees. These spring-based wheels had a reactive torque that increased proportionally only to the steering angle, without regard for the simulated vehicle dynamics. [13]

Eventually manufacturers began to use electric motors in the controllers, in place of springs, in order to achieve a level of force feedback (sometimes abbreviated FFB), first seen in Microsoft's Sidewinder wheel. At first this technology simply provided the centering force and other artificial effects such as shaking the wheel in a crash or other vibrations. However, as driving simulations have evolved, their physics engines have become more elaborate,[ citation needed ] allowing also for linking the force feedback close to the simulated vehicle dynamics of the in-game physics. [13] This allows the user to truly feel what forces go through the steering rack, instead of just artificial effects, and genuinely enhance the realism of the game.[ citation needed ] A fundamental factor for an adequate subjective steering-feel and perception of drivability from a force feedback wheel, is the transfer function from steering torque to steering angle. [14] [15]

In 2015, a preliminary comparison of gear-driven and direct-drive wheels in the 0–30 Hz frequency range, for a study on hard real-time multibody simulation and high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback, concluded that direct-drive wheels are preferable. [16]

Buttons

A Logitech G29 racing wheel Logitech G29 steering wheel.jpg
A Logitech G29 racing wheel

Sim racing wheels, like real-world racing steering wheels, can have many buttons. Some examples are cruise control or pit-lane limiter for the pit lane, button for flashing lights, windscreen wipers, radio communication with the team, adjustments to the racing setup (such as brake balance, brake migration, differential braking (entry, mid+, exit, hi-speed; to make use of torque effectively at different points in a corner [17] ), traction control (amplitude and sensitivity), anti-roll bar adjustment (front and rear), engine program (strat mode/ engine mode to get extra power or conserve fuel and engine life), engine braking (the engine's throttle or absence of throttle when there is no input from the gas pedal, i.e. whether the engine contributes to the car slowing down or is keeping its speed), etc.), seeing sideways or in the mirror, or to browse various menus (for example using a 7-way «funky switch»).

Comparison of racing wheels

Subsections by motor type: no FFB, gear- or belt-driven, and direct-drive wheels.

Wheel rims

Manufacturer + ProductYearDiameter (mm)Weight (no QR)Weight (with QR)MaterialButtonsOther features
Fanatec CSL Elite Steering Wheel McLaren GT3 V2 3001090 g (QR1 Lite)

1280 g (QR1)

1412 g (Metal QR2) [18]

Simagic GT Neo3001036 g [19] 1493 g (NRG-style QR) [18] Carbon Fiber Composite
Moza KS3001227 g [20] [18]
MOZA CS Steering Wheel3302420 g [21]
MOZA FSR Formula Wheel2801539 g [21] Screen
Moza GS20223001612 [21]
VNM GT Steering Wheel V13001600 g [22] Aluminum
GSI X-292901130 g (2 Paddles)

1250 g (4 paddles)

Aluminum
GSI Formula Pro Elite V23001510 g
Bavarian SimTec Alpha2951280 hub, 2 shifters [23]

1350 hub, 4 shifters and dual clutch

aluminium frame
ASCHER-RACING McLAREN ARTURA ULTIMATE3001520 g [24] Screen
Ascher Racing McLaren Artura Pro3001520 g [25]
ASCHER-RACING F28-SC V22851000 g
Ascher -Racing F64 V32851787 g [26]
GRID by Sim Lab Porsche 911 RSR20223002050 g [27] Screen
SimLab Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS Formula One Team Sim Racing Steering20242801129 g (no hub)

1240 g (with hub)

Screen
Rexing Mayaris 220242901150 gScreen
VRS DirectForce Lite Formula Wheel2851100 g (no hub, 2 no clutches) [28]
VRS® DirectForce® Pro Formula Steering Wheel2851279 g [29] 1530 g [28]
Cube Controls CSX32821200 g (with hub, 6 paddles) [30]
Cube Controls F-PRO20222821103 g (with hub and clutch paddles) [31] Screen
Cube Controls F-CORE2023290915 g (no hub, no clutch paddles)

[32]

1074 g (with hub and clutch paddles)

[33] [32]

carbon-fiber front plate, aluminium main body
Cube Controls F-CORE EVO2025290895 g1558 g (clutch paddles, Simucube QR) [34] carbon-fiber front plate, aluminium main body

No FFB

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFBClutchShifterBrake SensorPedal Type
AtomicLamborghini Gallardo Evo Racing Wheel270NoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
BRDSim Pro Wheel, Speed7 Pedals(<=2013)290NoOptionalPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster Formula T11994No
Thrustmaster Formula T21995 [35] No
Thrustmaster Ferrari Wireless Gt F430 Scuderia Edition Cockpit270NoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster Ferrari GT 3-in-1180NoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Racing Wheel 1999240NoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
ECCITrackstar 6000 Series Wheel/Pedals270No [a] [36] OptionalPaddles"Pressure Modulated"Standing
ECCITrackstar 7000 Force Feedback900—————
Thomas SuperWheelTSW Wheels, Pedals720NoOptionalPaddles, SequentialLoad Cell optionalStanding
A1A1 GT Wheel500No [b] —Paddles——

Gear- and/or belt-driven

Earlier products

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFB mechanismWheel detaches from the baseWheel cover materialClutchShifterBrake SensorPedal Type
Fanatec Le Mans SE ?YesNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Fanatec Speedster 2 ?YesNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Fanatec Speedster 3(<=2005) [37] 210 [37] YesNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Guillemot Race Force-Feedback [38] (<=2000)Yes
InterAct FX Racing Wheel Review(<=1999)Yes
InterAct V4 Force Feedback [39] Yes
Thrustmaster Ferrari 458 Italia270YesNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster Ferrari F430270YesNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster RGT FFB Clutch [c] 270YesYesPaddles, SequentialPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster FGT 2-in-1 Force Feedback180YesNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Saitek R4 Force Wheel [40] [41] (<=1999) [42] Yes
Saitek R4402004180YesNoNoPaddlesPotentiometerHanging
Saitek R660GT2007180YesNoNoPaddles, SequentialPotentiometerHanging
Microsoft Xbox 360 Wireless Racing Wheel 2006270YesNoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
DefenderExtreme Turbo (PRO)180YesNoSequential—Standing

Gear-driven

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFB mechanismWheel detaches from the baseWheel cover materialClutchShifterBrake SensorPedal Type
Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel 1997240Gears [43] NoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Act LabsForce RS (Force Racing System)(<=2000) [44] 270Gears [43] NoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Logitech Formula Force 180YesNoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Logitech Formula Force EX2005180GearsNoPlastic + RubberNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Logitech DriveFX2006180GearsNoPlastic + RubberNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Logitech Driving Force EX2006180GearsNoPlastic + RubberNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Logitech Wingman Formula Force Wheel [43] (1998) [45] 180Steel belts and motors [43] No
Logitech GT Force2001 [46] 180Yes
Logitech MOMO Force (Red MOMO)2004 [47] 270YesNoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Logitech MOMO Racing Force2005 [47] 240YesNoNoPaddles, SequentialPotentiometerStanding
Logitech Driving Force Pro900YesNoNoPaddles, SequentialPotentiometerStanding
Logitech Driving Force GT 2007 [46] 900YesNoNoPaddles, SequentialPotentiometerStanding
Logitech G25 2006 [48] 900Gear-driven (with straight-cut gears) [49] NoYesPaddles, H-shift, SequentialPotentiometerStanding
Fanatec Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel2009 [50] Gear-driven [50] Potentiometer
Logitech G27 2010900(helical) gear-driven [49] NoLeather [51] YesPaddles, H-shiftPotentiometerStanding
Mad Catz Pro Racing Force Feedback Wheel2014900(helical) gear-driven [52] YesSuede leather [52] NoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Logitech G920 2015 [53] 900YesNoYesPaddles, H-shiftPotentiometerStanding
Logitech G29 2015 [53] 900Gear-driven [54] NoYesPaddles, H-shiftPotentiometerStanding
Logitech G923 TRUEFORCE Sim Racing Wheel2020 [53] 900Dual-motor geared force feedback

Hybrid gear and belt-driven

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFB mechanismWheel detaches from the baseWheel cover materialClutchShifterBrake SensorPedal TypePedal Unit
Thrustmaster T150 RS20151080HybridNoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster TMX2015900HybridNoNoPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster T150 Pro20171080Hybrid [55] [56] NoYesPaddlesPotentiometerStandingT3PA
Thrustmaster TMX Pro2017900HybridNoYesPaddlesPotentiometerStandingT3PA
Thrustmaster T2482021900Hybrid [57] NoPlastic, Fake LeatherYesPaddlesContactless, MagneticStandingT3PM [58]
Thrustmaster T1282022 [59] 900Hybrid [60] NoPlasticNoPaddlesContactless, MagneticStandingT2PM

Belt-driven

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFB mechanismWheel detaches from the baseWheel cover materialClutchShifterBrake SensorPedal Type
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 Turbo S Wheel(<=2009) [61] 900Belt-driven—Paddles——
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 GT2 Wheel(<2011) [62] 900belt-driven Mabuchi 550 motor [62] Alcantara —Paddles——
Fanatec [d] Forza Motorsport CSR Elite Wheel(<=2011)900Yes—Paddles——
Fanatec [d] Forza Motorsport CSR Wheel(<=2011) [62] 900belt-driven Mabuchi 550 motor [62] —Paddles——
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel2011 [63] 900belt-driven [63] YesPaddles, H-Shift—Standing
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 GT3 RS Wheel(<=2011) [63] 900Belt-driven [63] —Paddles——
Fanatec CSL Elite Wheel2017 [64] 1080-degree [64] Yes, single non-ribbed belt-drive, [64] up to 6 Nm torque [65] —Paddles——
Fanatec [d] ClubSport Wheel (CSW) v.1(<=2013)900Single belt drive (Single gear toothed belt drive), brushless servo motor [66] Yes—Paddles——
Fanatec [d] ClubSport Wheel (CSW) V2.5900dual belt-drive, up to 8 Nm torque [65] Yes—Paddles——
Thrustmaster T300 RS [67] 2014 [68] [69] 1080Dual-belt-driven, [54] [70] brushless motor, hall sensor with 65k positions resolution [71] Yes [72] Rubber [51] YesPaddlesPotentiometerStanding
Thrustmaster T500 RS2011 [73] 1080Brushed motors [70] Yes [72] YesPaddlesPotentiometerStanding/Hanging
Thrustmaster TS-PC Racer2017 [74] 1080dual-belt-drive, [75] brushless motor (about 6 Nm torque), hall sensor with 65k positions resolution [76] YesPseudo-alcantara [76] [77] ——

Direct-drive bases or wheel + base combos

Other types / uncategorized

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFBClutchShifterBrake SensorPedal Type
Frex Simwheel [e] V1 [78] 2008 [79] 1080Yes————
VPPWheel, Hyperreal Pedals(<= 2006)270YesOptionalPaddlesPotentiometerStanding

Pedals

Other features by which pedals can be compared are whether they can be inverted (hanging pedals), build material (plastic, aluminum), adjustability (position, pressure, travel), measured pressure, travel length, sensor resolution. [80]

Potentiometer-based and magnetic brake

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFBClutchShifterBrake SensorSensor ResolutionPedal Type
Fanatec [d] Standard Porche Pedals——Yes—Potentiometer8 bit [81] Standing
Fanatec [d] CSR Pedals2011 [82] ——Yes—Potentiometer8 bit [81] Standing/Hanging
A1A1 GT Pedals——Yes—PotentiometerStanding
Act LabsRS Pedals——Yes—PotentiometerStanding
RedlinePedals——Optional—PotentiometerHanging
Thrustmaster T3PA2014 [83] ——Yes—PotentiometerHanging
Thrustmaster T3PA-Pro2015 [84] ——Yes—PotentiometerHanging
Thrustmaster T3PM2021 [85] ——Yes—Contactless, Magnetic10 bit [58] Standing

Loadcell brake

ManufacturerProductYearMax Rotation (Deg)FFBClutchBrake SensorSensor resolutionPedal Type
Fanatec Porsche Clubsport Pedals2008 [86] —Yes [86] YesLoad CellStanding/Hanging
Fanatec [d] ClubSport Pedals2009 [50] ——YesLoad Cell10 bit [81] Standing
Thomas Super WheelTSW Load Cell Pedals2010 [87] ——YesLoad CellStanding
Fanatec [d] CSR Elite Pedals2011 [81] —No [86] YesLoad Cell10 bit [86] Standing/Hanging
Fanatec Clubsport Pedal V22013 [88] ——YesLoad CellStanding
Derek Speare Designs (DSD)Wilwood Load Cell Pedals2014 [89] ——YesLoad CellStanding
Fanatec Clubsport Pedal V32015 [90] —Yes [90] YesLoad Cell12 bit [90] Standing
Fanatec CSL Elite Pedals2016 [91] —NoOptionalOptional Load Cell upgradeStanding
Frex Sim2Pedal——NoHydraulic w/ Load Cell (HydroBrake)Optional
Frex Sim3Pedal——YesHydraulic w/ Load Cell (HydroBrake)Optional
A1A1 Pro Pedals——YesLoad CellOptional
CST (Cannon Simulation Technologies)Pedals——Optional"Pressure Sensing"Hanging
REVZALOTP36 Pedals——YesLoad CellStanding
Thrustmaster T-LCM [80] 2020 [92] —NoYesLoad Cell16 bitStanding
SimworxPro GT V3 [80] ——YesLoad CellStanding
MOZA Racing SR-P Pedals2022 [93] —YesYesLoad Cell16 bitStanding

Shifters

ManufacturerProductMax Rotation (Deg)FFBClutchShifterBrake SensorPedal Type
Fanatec [d] Porsche Shifter———H-shift, Sequential——
Fanatec [d] CSR Shifter———H-shift, Sequential——
Frex HShift+———H-shift——
Frex Shift+———Sequential——
A1GearBox———H-Shift——
Act LabsRS Shifter———H-shift——
LogitechG Driving Force ShifterH-Shift
ThrustmasterTh8a———H-Shift (7+1)——
ThrustmasterTh8s———H-Shift (7+1)——
MOZA RacingHGP Shifter———H-Shift (7+1)——
MOZA RacingSGP Shifter———Sequential——
SIMAGICDS-8X Dual Mode Shifter———H-Shift 6+2+R, Sequential——


Notes

  1. ↑ Utilizes fluid dampening.
  2. ↑ Future FFB addon possible.
  3. ↑ Includes two separate analog paddle axis.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Components may be packaged together in some cases and sold as a bundle.
  5. ↑ Includes hub mechanism only; wheel and adapters not included.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982. CRC Press. pp. 119–20. ISBN   978-0-429-75261-2.
  2. ↑ "Indy 500 - Kasco Distributing Co. (Arcade) - EU". Museum of the Game . Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  3. ↑ "Indy 500 - Kasco Distributing Co. (Arcade) - Australia". Museum of the Game . Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  4. ↑ Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020). Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games. Steel Gear Press. p. 39.
  5. ↑ "The History of Racing Games". IGN . 4 September 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  6. ↑ "Sega's Wonderful Simulation Games Over The Years". Arcade Heroes. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  7. ↑ Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020). Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games. Steel Gear Press. p. 331.
  8. ↑ Hill, Giles (18 December 2013). "Sega's Out Run: Even better than the wheel thing". The Register . Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  9. ↑ Andrew See (1994) THRUSTMASTER FORMULA T1 DRIVING SIMULATOR CONTROLS by Thrustmaster , Game Bytes Magazine
  10. ↑ DARIN GANGI Throwback Thursday: Thrustmaster T1 , AUGUST 22, 2014
  11. ↑ Thrustmaster Formula T1/T2 Profile
  12. ↑ Julien Jay SideWinder Force Feedback Wheel review
  13. 1 2 Dell’Amico, M., Marzani, S., Minin, L., Montanari, R., Tesauri, F., Mariani, & Tango, F. (2007) Design of an adaptive feedback based steering wheel , p.181, in Marvin J. Dainoff (Ed., 2007) International Conference on Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers (pp. 180–188). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  14. ↑ Chen, W., Chugh, T., Klomp, M., Ran, S., & Lidberg, M. (2017) Design and control of the steering torque feedback in a vehicle driving simulator, in Maksym Spiryagin, Timothy Gordon, Colin Cole, Tim McSweeney (Eds., 2021) The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, ch.7 (pp. 213–219). CRC Press, p.215
  15. ↑ Harrer, M., Pfeffer, P., & Braess, H. H. (2017). Steering-feel, interaction between driver and car. In Steering Handbook (pp. 149–168). Springer, Cham.
  16. ↑ Pastorino, R., Desloovere, M., Vanneste, F., Degezelle, P., Desmet, W., & Optidrive, N. V. (2015) Development, implementation and validation of a hard real-time multibody simulation for high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback , in Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain (Vol. 10).
  17. ↑ What all the controls do on a modern day F1 steering wheel
  18. 1 2 3 RON (6 August 2024). Simagic GT NEO vs. Moza KS vs. Fanatec McLaren Wheel - Wer holt die GT Krone zum bezahlbaren Preis? . Retrieved 19 April 2025– via YouTube.
  19. ↑ Dan Suzuki (2 February 2024). This is 289$ ... HOW?! | Simagic GT Neo Test and detailed Review . Retrieved 22 April 2025– via YouTube.
  20. ↑ Dan Suzuki (23 October 2023). The ONE PROBLEM the Moza R12 has | Moza R12 Direct Drive and KS Steering Wheel Review . Retrieved 22 April 2025– via YouTube.
  21. 1 2 3 Laurence Dusoswa (22 December 2022). MOZA Buyer's guide | Buying a MOZA DD base and steering wheel . Retrieved 20 April 2025– via YouTube.
  22. ↑ Boosted Media (25 November 2024). BEST FORCE FEEDBACK I'VE FELT, BUT... | VNM Sim Racing Ecosystem Review . Retrieved 19 April 2025– via YouTube.
  23. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_h2PuFbv0k
  24. ↑ "ASCHER-RACING McLAREN ARTURA ULTIMATE". ascher-racing.com. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  25. ↑ Dan Suzuki (18 February 2024). The Ascher Artura Pro is FINALLY here, but I would wait a little bit longer! | Review & Test . Retrieved 22 April 2025– via YouTube.
  26. ↑ RON (3 April 2023). Ascher -Racing F64 V3 Lenkrad im A-Z Test . Retrieved 21 April 2025– via YouTube.
  27. ↑ "- YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  28. 1 2 RON (19 December 2024). VRS uDFP 6-9-12-15-20 Nm Wheel Base + Formula Wheels - Top Preis/Leistung Performance für Puristen . Retrieved 21 April 2025– via YouTube.
  29. ↑ Dan Suzuki (23 March 2023). VRS DFP Formula Wheel: A paradigm shift? | REVIEW AND TEST . Retrieved 22 April 2025– via YouTube.
  30. ↑ RON (5 October 2022). Cube Controls CSX3 im A-Z Test [deutsch | english CC] . Retrieved 21 April 2025– via YouTube.
  31. ↑ RON (14 January 2022). Cube Controls F-Pro Wheel im A-Z Test [deutsch | english CC] . Retrieved 21 April 2025– via YouTube.
  32. 1 2 Boosted Media (28 April 2023). REVIEW - Cube Controls F-CORE "Entry-Level" Sim Racing Wheel . Retrieved 21 April 2025– via YouTube.
  33. ↑ RON (2 May 2023). CubeControls F-Core Wheel im A-Z Test . Retrieved 21 April 2025– via YouTube.
  34. ↑ RON (8 April 2025). Cube Controls F Core Evo Wheel - High End zum bezahlbaren Preis im A-Z Review . Retrieved 19 April 2025– via YouTube.
  35. ↑ The Red Chip Review, Issues 2–6, Crown Point Publishing, 1997, p.40
  36. ↑ ECCI TrackStar 6000, Jan 21, 2009
  37. 1 2 Fanatec Speedster 3 (Xbox) Review, Gabriel Vega, neoseeker.com, Sunday, June 12th, 2005
  38. ↑ Fabio "Bill" Cristi Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel – Review
  39. ↑ "InterAct Racing Wheel V4 Force Feedback – wheel and pedals set – wired Overview – CNET". www.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2016.
  40. ↑ Saitek R4 Force – wheel and pedals set – wireless Specs, at cnet.com
  41. ↑ Saitek R4 Review, August 1st, 1999
  42. ↑ William Gall Saitek R4 ForceFeedback Wheel Review @ RDGR, 3D Gaming World Hardware Review, March 21, 1999
  43. 1 2 3 4 Gonzo Wingman Formula Force Wheel, arstechnica
  44. ↑ Yingzong , Hardware One, 12/01/00
  45. ↑ Logitech Wingman Formula Force Installation Guide, Copyright 1998
  46. 1 2 Andrew Evans Logitech G Teases New Racing Wheel, Reveal Due August 5, gtplanet.net, August 4, 2020
  47. 1 2 Logitech Momo Racing Force-Feedback Wheel, Joel Santo Domingo, pcmag.com, Mar 17, 2005
  48. ↑ BEN KUCHERA Logitech G25 Racing Wheel review, arstechnica, 10/25/2006
  49. 1 2 "Logitech G27 a Step Up From the G25?". Tekcore Magazine. 7 November 2011. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  50. 1 2 3 Porsche Carrera Wheel Review & Clubsport Pedal Preview, Inside Sim Racing, Feb 14, 2009
  51. 1 2 Andrew Williams Thrustmaster T300 GTE Review, November 3, 2014
  52. 1 2 Catz Pro Racing Force Feedback Wheel Review, Inside Sim Racing, Aug 10, 2014
  53. 1 2 3 Logitech G923 Review: Mainstream Mainstay, August 22, 2020 (updated Aug 24, 2020), Andrew Evans, gtplanet.net
  54. 1 2 Sim / By FLOW RACERS Thrustmaster T300RS GT Review
  55. ↑ Smoljic, Hrvoje THRUSTMASTER T150 PRO RACING WHEEL REVIEW: ENTRY LEVEL EXCELLENCE, keengamer.com, 2020-04-18
  56. ↑ t150-pro-forcefeedback at thrustmaster.com (retrieved October 2021)
  57. ↑ "Thrustmaster T248 Wheel Kit Review, Sim Racing Garage". YouTube. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  58. 1 2 "Thrustmaster T3PM" . Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  59. ↑ "T128: The Force Feedback racing wheel to get started in racing simulation". Thrustmaster website. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  60. ↑ "Thrustmaster T128 Wheel Kit Review, Sim Racing Garage". YouTube. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  61. ↑ Fanatec Porsche 911 Turbo S Wheel – Review
  62. 1 2 3 4 "Fanatec Forza Motorsport CSR wheel and Elite pedals review". Engadget. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  63. 1 2 3 4 Fanatec Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel – Review, virtualr.net
  64. 1 2 3 Williams, Andrew (1 January 1970). "Fanatec CSL Elite racing wheel review". PC Gamer. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  65. 1 2 Fanatec ClubSport V2.5 review, at techradar.com
  66. ↑ CSL Elite Wheel Base V1.1 at fanatec.com
  67. ↑ Thrustmaster T300RS GT Review, Sim Racing Garage, Feb 17, 2018
  68. ↑ T300 RS: THE FIRST OFFICIAL FORCE FEEDBACK WHEEL FOR PLAYSTATION®4 , Thrustmaster official Press release, Los Angeles, June 10, 2014
  69. ↑ T300 RS, the first force feedback racing wheel for the Playstation®4 System ! , Thrustmaster official Press release, New York, 09.15.2014
  70. 1 2 Andrew Williams Thrustmaster T300 RS Review, trustedreviews.com, October 27, 2016
  71. ↑ Thrustmaster Racing Wheels Benchmarking, thrustmaster.com
  72. 1 2 Thrustmaster T300 RS review, from isrtv.com, beracer.com
  73. ↑ Greer, Jordan Thrustmaster T300RS Review, gtplanet.net, February 9, 2015 (updated Jun 26, 2017)
  74. ↑ Matej Inside Sim Racing Reviews Thrustmaster TS-PC Racer, January 9, 2017 (updated Jan 24, 2018)
  75. ↑ Sim Racing Garage Thrustmaster TS-PC Ferrari 488 Challenge Edition Review, Oct 14, 2018
  76. 1 2 Josh Walrath THRUSTMASTER TS-PC WHEEL REVIEW: A GENUINE LEAP, pcper.com, Feb 27, 2018
  77. ↑ GamerMuscleVideos THRUSTMASTER TS PC RACER WHEEL REVIEW, Dec 13, 2016
  78. ↑ Frex Sim Wheel v1
  79. ↑ Frex Sim Wheel Review by SRT at InsideSimRacing, Aug 25, 2008
  80. 1 2 3 The 5 Best Sim Racing Load Cell Pedals, flowracers.com, 2020
  81. 1 2 3 4 Fanatec CSR Elite Pedal Review, Nov 22, 2011, Inside Sim Racing
  82. ↑ Fanatec CSR pedal review, Inside Sim Racing, Nov 22, 2011
  83. ↑ Thrustmaster T3PA Pedal Set Review by Inside Sim Racing
  84. ↑ Thrustmaster Thrustmaster T3PA-PRO Pedal Set Review
  85. ↑ "Thrustmaster launches affordable T248 hybrid drive wheel and pedal set".
  86. 1 2 3 4 Fanatec CSR Elite Pedals – Review, at virtualr.net, January 2, 2012
  87. ↑ Fanatec CSR Elite Pedal Review, Inside Sim Racing, Mar 16, 2010
  88. ↑ Fanatec Clubsport Pedal V2 Review by Inside Sim Racing, Apr 18, 2013
  89. ↑ DSD Wilwood Load Cell Pedal Set – First Look by Inside Sim Racing, Jun 15, 2014
  90. 1 2 3 Fanatec ClubSport Pedals V3 Review, Inside Sim Racing, Dec 30, 2015
  91. ↑ Fanatec CSL Elite Wheel Base and Pedals First Look, Aug 28, 2016
  92. ↑ Thrustmaster T-LCM Pedal Review – Thrustmaster's FIRST Load Cell Pedals! , Sim Racing Paddock, Feb 22, 2020
  93. ↑ MOZA SR-P Pedals Installation Tutorial, Jun 7, 2022
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