Somerset, Queensland

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Somerset
Queensland
Somerset-cape-york-queensland-australia.jpg
The old cannons at Somerset
Australia Queensland location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Somerset
Coordinates 10°49′13″S142°31′03″E / 10.8202°S 142.5175°E / -10.8202; 142.5175 (Somerset (centre of locality))
Population0 (2021 census) [1]
 • Density0.0000/km2 (0.0000/sq mi)
Postcode(s) 4876
Area463.5 km2 (179.0 sq mi)
LGA(s)
State electorate(s) Cook
Federal division(s) Leichhardt
Suburbs around Somerset:
Punsand
New Mapoon 		Torres Strait Coral Sea
Bamaga Somerset Coral Sea
Umagico Jardine Jardine

Somerset is a coastal locality split between the Shire of Torres and the Northern Peninsula Area Region, Queensland, Australia. [2] [3] In the 2021 census, Somerset had "no people or a very low population". [1]

Contents

Geography

Somerset is the northernmost locality on the Cape York Peninsula and also of the Queensland mainland with Cape York at the northernmost point. It is not the northernmost locality in Queensland, as there are numerous island localities to the north in the Torres Strait. [4]

The Great Dividing Range commences just south of Cape York and extends through to Victoria. [4]

The Northern Peninsula Airport is in the south of the locality ( 10°56′41″S142°27′11″E / 10.9447°S 142.4530°E / -10.9447; 142.4530 (Bamaga Airfield) ). [5] It is operated by the Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council. [6] [7] It is 10.1 kilometres (6.3 mi) south-east of the town of Bamaga to the west of the locality of Somerset. [4]

There are relatively few roads in the locality:

There is very limited land use within the locality. [4]

Coastal features

The locality has many coastal features, some on the mainland and others on the islands. The northern coast of the locality is comprised on headlands and beaches, while the southern coast is marshland without many features.

On the mainland (clockwise from north):

Albany Passage ( 10°44′21″S142°36′00″E / 10.7391°S 142.6°E / -10.7391; 142.6 (Albany Passage) ) separates the mainland from Albany Island ( 10°43′47″S142°36′19″E / 10.7298°S 142.6053°E / -10.7298; 142.6053 (Albany Island) ). [32] [33] [34] The island has the following coastal features (clockwise from north):

Although not within the locality, the Adolphus Channel separates the mainland from Mount Adolphus Island, also known as Mori ( 10°38′12″S142°39′06″E / 10.6368°S 142.6516°E / -10.6368; 142.6516 (Mount Adolphus Island (Mori)) ). [34] [46]

Mountains

Somerset has the following mountains:

History

Several Indigenous groups occupied this region prior to European contact. [49] In an 1896 report to the Queensland Government, Archibald Meston estimated that in the 1870s the Indigenous population between Newcastle Bay ( 10°53′09″S142°36′05″E / 10.8857°S 142.6014°E / -10.8857; 142.6014 (Newcastle Bay) ) and Cape York was around 3000. At the time of writing his report, he believed that the population had fallen to around 300. [50] [51] This rapid decline was caused by a number of factors, including introduced disease, exclusions from traditional hunting grounds and frontier violence. [52] [53] Reverend Frederick Charles Jagg, a missionary at Somerset appointed by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, [54] [55] gave an indication of the relationship between European and Indigenous peoples when he reported in 1867 that "The aborigines have been described as the most degraded, treacherous and bloodthirsty beings in existence by the present Police Magistrate, and those whose only idea is to shoot them down whenever they were seen". [56] [57]

Gudang (Gootung) is one of the languages of the tip of Cape York. The Gudang language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council, particularly the localities of Somerset, Albany Passage and Newcastle Bay extending north to the Tip. [58]

With its separation from New South Wales on 10 December 1859, the new colony of Queensland acquired over 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) of coastline extending as far north as Cape York Peninsula. The colony's first parliament passed a resolution in 1860 favouring direct connection with England via the Torres Strait. In December 1861, Sir George Ferguson Bowen (1821–99), Governor of Queensland (1859–67), described the necessity for a station in the far north of Queensland. From a naval and military point of view, a post at or near Cape York would be valuable, due to the establishment of a French colony and naval station in New Caledonia. Bowen informed Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle, Secretary of State for the Colonies, that the government of Queensland would be willing to undertake the formation and management of a station at Cape York and to support a civil establishment there. [59] [57]

On 27 August 1862, Bowen left Brisbane on HMS Pioneer to select an eligible site for the proposed settlement. The chosen site, opposite Albany Island, was named Somerset, in honour of the First Lord of the Admiralty, Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset. [60] [61] [57]

Tenders were called for the construction of government buildings in March 1863, a town survey was undertaken in July 1864 and the Town Reserve of Somerset was established on 8 July 1864. [62] [63] [64] The first Somerset land sale was held in Brisbane on 4 April 1865 and a second sale took place on 2 May 1866. Land parcels sold at these auctions were about one acre (0.405 a) in size. [65] [66] [57]

In February 1864, John Jardine (1807–74) was appointed Somerset's first Police Magistrate and Commissioner of Crown Lands and in July 1864 he was appointed District Registrar for the District of North Cook. [67] [68] [69] An early sketch of Somerset by Jardine shows the Government Residence, Police Magistrate's House and Customs House on the southern side of Somerset Bay, and Marines' Barracks and the Medical Superintendent's House on the northern side. [70] Henry Simpson succeeded Jardine as Police Magistrate in 1866. [71] The Marines were withdrawn in 1867 and replaced with Native Police. [72] [57]

John Jardine was the father of Francis (Frank) Lascelles Jardine (1841-1919) and Alexander (Alick) William Jardine (1843-1920) who, between May 1864 and March 1865, undertook an overland expedition from Rockhampton to Cape York which was described at the time as, geographically: [73] [74]

"solving the question of the course of the northern rivers emptying into the Gulf of Carpentaria of which nothing was known but their outlets. It has also made known...how much ... or rather, how little, of the 'York Peninsula' is adapted for pastoral occupation, whilst its success in taking the first stock overland, and forming a cattle station at Newcastle Bay, has ensured to the Settlement at Somerset a necessary and welcome supply of fresh meat...".

The Jardine River was named after them by order of Governor Bowen. [75] For their pioneering exploratory efforts the Jardine brothers were made Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society and awarded the Society's Murchison Award in 1886. [76] [57]

Frank Jardine's home, the former Government Resident's House at Somerset, Cape York Peninsula Government House at Somerset, Cape York, Queensland.jpeg
Frank Jardine's home, the former Government Resident's House at Somerset, Cape York Peninsula

Frank Jardine was appointed as a Magistrate in December 1867 and as Police Magistrate and Inspector of Police at Somerset in April 1868. [77] [78] In 1869 he held the positions of District Registrar for Somerset, Police Magistrate, Clerk of Petty Sessions, Inspector of Police and Postmaster. [79] He married Samoan woman, Sana Sofala, in 1873 and the couple had four children: Alice Maule Lascelles, Hew Cholmondeley (Chum), Bootle Arthur Lascelles (Bertie) and Elizabeth Sana Hamilton. [80] [81] Frank Jardine's tenure as a government officer in Somerset was not without controversy. The local Indigenous population was dispossessed and there was hostility between them and the Jardine family, both during Frank and Alick Jardine's expedition to Somerset, and during the years of the settlement. Jardine was also suspended for a time from his duties as Police Magistrate whilst being investigated in relation to using his position to obtain a pearl diving licence. [82] [57]

Somerset became redundant as a port once a safer shipping route to the Torres Strait was found and a settlement on Thursday Island was built from 1876. [83] [84] Frank Jardine continued to live at Somerset, maintaining the police residence until his death there in March 1919. [85] During this time, Jardine continued to maintain a beef cattle herd; was engaged in the pearling industry; and created a coconut/copra plantation at Somerset. Due to Somerset's isolated location the Jardine family provided assistance and hospitality to travellers and seafarers, for example, Jardine aided the survivors of the shipwreck of RMS Quetta in 1890. [86] [87] [88] [57]

The pearl diving industry was important to the Queensland economy, and came to be dominated by Japanese divers after 1891. Kobori Itchimatsu came from the village of Nishi Mukai in Wakayama prefecture, an area that provided 80 per cent of the 7,000 Japanese who left their country to become pearl divers. [89] [90] [91] [57]

Kennedy Memorial Monument, circa 1969 Memorial plaque for Edmund Kennedy near Somerset Queensland, circa 1969.jpg
Kennedy Memorial Monument, circa 1969

The Kennedy Memorial Monument was unveiled on 13 December 1948 in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Edmund Besley Court Kennedy's unsuccessful exploration of Cape York Peninsula. [92] The monument comprises a concrete slab on a concrete footing with a bronze commemorative plaque on its eastern face. [57] [93]

In 2011 the Angkamuthi Seven Rivers, the McDonnell Atampaya and the Gudang/Yadhaigana groups made an application for native title determination over the Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council and Cook Shire areas, covering an area of approximately 685,642 hectares (1,694,260 acres). The determination was handed down on 30 October 2014. [94] [57]

Demographics

In the 2011 census, Somerset had "no people or a very low population". [95]

In the 2016 census, Somerset had "no people or a very low population". [96]

In the 2021 census, Somerset had "no people or a very low population". [1]

Attractions

There is an historical ruin of Somerset homestead, a station established by John Jardine (father of Frank Jardine) in 1863 and is 35 km north of Bamaga on Cape York in Queensland, Australia. It is a good camping area and day trip with facilities for barbecues. It is situated near a beach.

See also

Heritage listings

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape York Peninsula</span> Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia

Cape York Peninsula is a peninsula located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thursday Island</span> Island in Queensland, Australia

Thursday Island, colloquially known as TI, or in the Kawrareg dialect, Waiben or Waibene, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands, an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait. TI is located approximately 39 kilometres north of Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bamaga</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Bamaga is an Indigneous town and locality about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the northern tip of Cape York in the north of Queensland, Australia. It is within the Northern Peninsula Area Region. It is one of the northernmost settlements in continental Australia and is the administrative centre for the Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seisia, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pormpuraaw, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Pormpuraaw is a coastal town and a locality in the Aboriginal Shire of Pormpuraaw, Queensland, Australia. Pormpuraaw is an Aboriginal community situated on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula approximately halfway between Karumba and Weipa on the Edward River. It is 650 kilometres (400 mi) by road from Cairns. Pormpuraaw currently has a 4-man police station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Injinoo, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Injinoo is a coastal town in the Northern Peninsula Area Region and a locality split between Northern Peninsula Area Region and the Shire of Torres in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is on the north-western coast of Cape York Peninsula. In the 2021 census, the locality of Injinoo had a population of 498 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mapoon, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albany Island</span> Island in Queensland, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Adolphus Island</span> Island in Queensland, Australia

Mount Adolphus Island, also called Muri or Mori in the native language, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago that is located at the very tip of Cape York Peninsula on the northern side of the Adolphus Channel, across from Albany Island and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Bamaga in the far north region of Queensland, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prince of Wales Island (Queensland)</span> Island in Queensland, Australia

The Prince of Wales Island, or Muralag, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago at the tip of Cape York Peninsula within the Endeavour Strait of Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The island is situated approximately 20 km (12 mi) north of Muttee Heads which is adjacent to Bamaga and south of Thursday Island. It is within the locality of Prince Of Wales within the Shire of Torres. In the 2021 census, Prince Of Wales had a population of 62 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Lascelles Jardine</span> Scottish-Australian pioneer

Francis Lascelles (Frank) Jardine was a Scottish-Australian pioneer who was at the forefront of British colonisation and Aboriginal dispossession in the Cape York Peninsula and Torres Strait regions of Far North Queensland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Peninsula Area Region</span> Local government area in Queensland, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Umagico, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Umagico is a town and coastal locality in the Northern Peninsula Area Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Umagico had a population of 394 people.

Jardine River is a coastal locality split between the Shire of Cook and the Shire of Torres in Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Jardine River had "no people or a very low population".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Somerset Graves Site</span> Historic site in Queensland, Australia

Somerset Graves Site is a heritage-listed cemetery at Somerset, Northern Peninsula Area Region, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as Somerset Jardine Cemetery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 January 2018.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimberley, Queensland</span> Suburb of Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape York (Queensland)</span> Cape in Queensland, Australia

Cape York is the northernmost point of the mainland of Australia. It is within the locality of Somerset in the Shire of Torres, Queensland.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Somerset (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 February 2023. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  2. ↑ "Somerset – Shire of Torres (entry 48328)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  3. ↑ "Somerset – Northern Peninsula Area Region (entry 46107)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland . Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  5. ↑ "Airports - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 22 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  6. ↑ "Airport". Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  7. ↑ Wise, Paul (July 2016). "Injinoo/Bamaga or Northern Peninsula Airport : some history". Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  8. 1 2 "Bays - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Mountain peaks and capes - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  10. ↑ "Bay Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 1906)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  11. ↑ "York Island – island in Shire of Torres (entry 38727)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "Cape York – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 38728)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  13. ↑ "Eborac Island – island in Shire of Torres (entry 11134)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  14. ↑ "Evans Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 12016)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  15. ↑ "Evans Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 12014)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Ida Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 44503)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  17. ↑ "Ida Island – island in Shire of Torres (entry 16587)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  18. ↑ "Muddy Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 23278)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Mountain peaks and capes - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  20. ↑ "Bishop Point – mountain in Northern Peninsula Area Region (entry 44509)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  21. ↑ "Shallow Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 30559)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  22. ↑ "Osnaburg Point – mountain in Northern Peninsula Area Region (entry 44506)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  23. ↑ "Stover Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 44510)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  24. ↑ "Somerset Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 44508)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  25. ↑ "Fly Point – mountain in Northern Peninsula Area Region (entry 12820)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Mountain ranges beaches and sea passages - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  27. ↑ "Freshwater Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 13211)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  28. ↑ "Vallack Point – mountain in Northern Peninsula Area Region (entry 35913)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  29. ↑ "Chandogoo Point – mountain in Northern Peninsula Area Region (entry 6845)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  30. ↑ "Cliffy Point – mountain in Northern Peninsula Area Region (entry 7434)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  31. ↑ "Kennedy Inlet – inlet in Shire of Torres (entry 17967)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  32. ↑ "Albany Passage – passage in Shire of Torres (entry 212)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  33. ↑ "Albany Island – island in Shire of Torres (entry 211)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  34. 1 2 "Marine islands - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  35. ↑ "Frederick Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 44500)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  36. ↑ "Tree Island – island in Shire of Torres (entry 35150)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  37. ↑ "Bush Islet – island in Shire of Torres (entry 5476)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  38. ↑ "Arethusa Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 790)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  39. ↑ "Pioneer Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 26971)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  40. ↑ "Alfred Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 44501)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  41. ↑ "Mai Islet – island in Shire of Torres (entry 20591)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  42. ↑ "Charlotte Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 44502)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  43. ↑ "Vicary Bay – bay in Shire of Torres (entry 35997)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  44. ↑ "Ulrica Point – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 35753)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  45. ↑ "Lyons Point – point in the Shire of Torres (entry 51635)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  46. ↑ "Mount Adolphus Island – island (entry 22964)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  47. ↑ "Mount Bremer – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 4431)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  48. ↑ "Mount Roma – mountain in Torres Shire (entry 28979)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government . Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  49. ↑ State of Queensland 2016. Injinoo. Online: < "Injinoo | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples | Queensland Government". Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.>, accessed 19 October 2017.
  50. ↑ Archibald Meston, Report on the Aboriginals of Queensland to the Home Secretary, QLD, Votes and Proceedings, vol.4, 1(1896) 724
  51. ↑ Queensland State Archives, Home Secretary's Office, HOM/J717, 1929/3999, list of Aboriginal reserves.
  52. ↑ N Sharp, Footprints Along the Cape York Sandbeaches (Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 1992) 55-58
  53. ↑ J Richards, The Secret War: A True History of Queensland's Native Police (Queensland University Press, St Lucia 2008) 42.
  54. ↑ James Cook University, Material Culture Unit. Report on the Former Magistrate's Residence at Somerset, Cape York: Stage 1, p. 42
  55. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, Vol. 7, 1867, p. 144.
  56. ↑ David R Moore, Islanders and Aborigines at Cape York. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, 1979, p. 255-6.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Somerset Graves Site (entry 650072)". Queensland Heritage Register . Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  58. ↑ CC BY icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Gudang". Queensland’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages map. State Library of Queensland . Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  59. ↑ C G Austin, "Early History of Somerset and Thursday Island", Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland, Volume 4, issue 2, Brisbane 1949, p. 217.
  60. ↑ Austin, Early History of Somerset and Thursday Island, p. 218
  61. ↑ 'Events for 1862', Theophilis Pugh, Pugh's Almanac and Queensland Directory, Brisbane, Australia, 1863, p. 166-67.
  62. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol. 3, 1863, p. 203
  63. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol. 5, 1864, p. 470
  64. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol.5, 1864, p. 470.
  65. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol. 6, 2 March 1865, p. 163-64
  66. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol.7, 14 March 1866, p. 295-96.
  67. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol. 5, 1864, page 171
  68. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol. 5, 8 July 1864, p. 469
  69. ↑ Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, < "Jardine, John (1807–1874)". Biography - John Jardine - Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2013.>, accessed Oct 2017.
  70. ↑ E J T Barton (ed), Jubilee History of Queensland, HJ Diddams & Co: Brisbane, 1909, p. 362.
  71. ↑ James Cook University, Material Culture Unit, Report on the Former Magistrate's Residence at Somerset, Cape York: Stage 1, 1986, p. 42.
  72. ↑ S McIntyre, Conservation Plan Somerset Historic Site, Prepared on behalf of the Injinoo Aboriginal Community, 1994, p. 14.
  73. ↑ F L Byerley. Overland Expedition of the Messrs. Jardine, from Rockhampton to Cape York, Northern Queensland. J.W. Buxton, Bookseller and Stationer, Brisbane, 1867, p. 65 reproduced Project Gutenberg eBook 2004<http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4521/4521-h/4521-h.htm£pic2 Archived 19 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine >, accessed Oct 2017
  74. ↑ Clem Lack, "Jardine, John (1807-1874)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, "Jardine, John (1807–1874)". Biography - John Jardine - Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018., published first in hardcopy 1972, accessed online 25 October 2017.
  75. ↑ F L Byerley. Narrative of the overland expedition of the Messrs. Jardine from Rockhampton to Cape York. Brisbane, 1867, p. 65. (River name approved in 1865).
  76. ↑ Sydney Evening News, 8 July 1886 p. 8.
  77. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette: vol. 7, 1868, p. 1165
  78. ↑ Queensland Government Gazette, vol. 8, 1868, p. 334.
  79. ↑ Blue Book of Queensland 1869, Queensland Government Printer, Brisbane, 1869, p. viii. In 1873 Jardine was District Registrar, Police Magistrate and Shipping Inspector at Somerset, but from the following year, held no official positions. In his capacity of Justice of the Peace he acted as "Guardian of Minors" for Somerset, a role he held from 20 March 1872 for many years.
  80. ↑ Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, < "Jardine, John (1807–1874)". Biography - John Jardine - Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2013.>, accessed Oct 2017
  81. ↑ Queensland Death Certificate for Sana Jardine, 1923, Reg# C4567.
  82. ↑ Rodney Liddell, Cape York. The Savage Frontier. Rodney Liddell, Redbank, 1996, p. 98.
  83. ↑ Barton, Jubilee History of Queensland, p. 361
  84. ↑ McIntyre, Conservation Plan Somerset Historic Site, pp. 13-14.
  85. ↑ Brisbane Courier, 18 March 1919, p. 6.
  86. ↑ Liddell, Cape York, the Savage Frontier, pp. 125, 131, 145
  87. ↑ 'Colonial News', Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser, 25 August 1877, p. 4
  88. ↑ 'Wreck of the RMS Quetta. Terrible Loss of Life Among Europeans', The Week, 8 March 1890, p. 11.
  89. ↑ Pugh, Pugh's Almanac: 1892, p. 170, 1900, p. 1039
  90. ↑ "Thursday Island Cemetery (entry 600875)". Queensland Heritage Register . Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  91. ↑ n.a., Kushimoto: The Public Information Magazine, No. 116, December 2014, p. 3.
  92. ↑ Photographs of Kennedy Memorial Monument taken at site visit in September 2017.
  93. ↑ "Edmund Kennedy". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  94. ↑ In "Exclusive Areas" of exercise of the native title rights and interests, those rights and interests are, other than in relation to Water, the rights to possession, occupation, use and enjoyment of the area to the exclusion of all others. AustLII 2014. Woosup on behalf of the Northern Cape York Group #1 v State of Queensland (No 3) [2014] FCA 1148 (30 October 2014), Federal Court (Australia).
  95. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Somerset (SSC)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 11 July 2016. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  96. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Somerset (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

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