| Sparidentex | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sparidentex hasta | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Sparidentex Munro, 1948 |
| Type species | |
| Dentex hasta Valenciennes, 1830 [1] | |
Sparidentex is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean.
Sparidentex was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1948 by the Australian marine biologist and ichthyologist Ian Stafford Ross Munro with Debtex hasta designated as the type species. [1] Chrysophrys cuvieri was a name proposed by Francis Day in 1875 to replace Dentex hasta as the specific name hasta was secondarily preoccupied by Sparus hasta Bloch & Schneider, 1801 but C. cuvieri was an unnecessary new name as Bloch and Schnieders name was a junior synonym of Acanthopagrus berda . [2] Valenciennes gave the type locality of D. hasta as Malabar in southwestern India. [3] The genus Sparidentex is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [4] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [5] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [4]
Sparidentex appears to be a portmanteau of the type genus of Sparidae, Sparus , and Dentex , the original genus of Sp. hasta. Munro did not explain the name. [6]
Sparidentex contains 3 species recognised as valid: [7]
Sparidentex hasta is a very variable species and some authorities state that the genus needs a taxonomic review. [9]
Sparidentex seabreams are characterised by having an elongate body. They have a large mouth with the rear end of the maxilla being exposed and reaching a level of the centre of the eye. There are 6 large, canine-like at the front of both jaws, with an outer row of smaller canine-like teeth on the sides of the jaws, rows of brush like teeth and a row of very small molar-like teeth immediately inside the outer row, there are no large molars. The eyes are of intermediate size and have a diameter less than the length of the snout. The scales are cteniod and are of moderate size with those on the head do not reach as far forward as the centreline of the eyes. There are also no scales on the flange of the preoperculum. The soft-rayed parts of the dorsal and anal fins have scaly sheaths at their base.They are silvery fishes, darker and greyer above and paler below. [9] The largest species of Sparidentex is S. hastawith a maximum published total length of 83 cm (33 in) while the other species are smaller with S. belaweyi having a maximum published standard length of 19.3 cm (7.6 in) and S. jamalensis having a maximum published standard length of 22.4 cm (8.8 in). [7]
Sparidentex seabreams are found in the northern Indian Ocean from the Persian Gulf to the Bay of Bengal. [9] There is a single record of S. hasta from the Swan River, near Perth, Western Australia, is thought to have been accidentally introduced there in ballast water from a ship. [10]
Sparidentex contains one species, S. hasta, which is highly valued as food fish in the Persian Gulf, used for celebratory meals, where it is caught by artisanal fishers using bottom trawls and line fishing. [11] It is also a common species used in aquaculture in the Persian Gulf. [9]
Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the seabreams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.
Pagellus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.
Pagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Western Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. They are esteemed food fishes which are targeted by commercial fisheries and are grown in aquaculture.
The common dentex is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a highly valued food fish and is an important target species for fisheries and the population has shown large declines leading the International Union for Conservation of Nature to classify its conservation status as Vulnerable.
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps, the red stumpnose, red stumpnose seabream or Miss Lucy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies this species as Endangered.
Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.
Archosargus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. These fishes occur in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.
Gymnocranius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Rhabdosargus sarba, also known as the goldlined seabream, silver bream, tarwhine, or yellowfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.
Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.
Rhabdosargus is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and throughout the Indo-West Pacific, although mainly in the western Indian Ocean.
Dentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The fishes in this genus are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
Cheimerius is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Cheimerius nufar, the santer seabream, santer or soldier, of the Indian Ocean.
Polysteganus is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The fishes in this genus are found in the Indian Ocean.
Crenidens is a small genus of three species of seabream from the family Sparidae from the western Indian Ocean. It was previously regarded as monotypic, with the sole species being the Karenteen sea bream Crenidens crenidens but two other species are now accepted as valid species, separate from the type species, C. crenidens.
Spondyliosoma is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The genus contains two species, one, the black seabream, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the other, the steentjie seabream, from the western Indian Ocean.
Argyrops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the coasts of Indian Ocean and near Australia.
Chrysoblephus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the western Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Evynnis is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The genus comprises 4 species, 3 in the Western Pacific Ocean and 1 in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Evynnis tumifrons, the yellowback seabream, crimson seabream, goldentail or red seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean off the coasts of East Asia. This species is an important food fish in the East China Sea and Japan.