| St. John's Fort | |
|---|---|
Kubu St. John | |
 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | fort |
| Location | Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia |
| Coordinates | 2°11′21.6″N102°15′52.6″E / 2.189333°N 102.264611°E |
The St. John's Fort (Malay : Kubu St. John) is a historical fort in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia. [1]
The fort was reconstructed from existing Portuguese fortifications during the Dutch period in the 18th century to guard against landward attacks. It was once a private Portuguese chapel dedicated to St. John the Baptist.
The fort is located at the top of St. John's Hill. It was built from Laterite stone and bricks. The fort had only one entrance and its outer walls range between 3-4 meters high.
The fort has canons that are facing inland because the Dutch feared inland threats from Acehnese and Bugis invaders more than maritime invasions.
Malacca City is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Malacca, in Melaka Tengah District. It is the oldest Malaysian city on the Straits of Malacca, having become a successful entrepôt in the era of the Malacca Sultanate. The present-day city was founded by Parameswara, a Sumatran prince who escaped to the Malay Peninsula when Srivijaya fell to the Majapahit. Following the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate, the city drew the attention of traders from the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia, as well as the Portuguese, who intended to dominate the trade route in Asia. After Malacca was conquered by Portugal, the city became an area of conflict when the sultanates of Aceh and Johor attempted to take control from the Portuguese.
A Famosa was a Portuguese fortress built in Malacca, Malaysia, circa 1512. The oldest part of the fortress was a five-storey keep which eventually gave its name to the fortress as a whole. Some time following the Battle of Malacca (1641) and the occupation of the city by the Dutch, the keep was destroyed but the outer walls of the fortress were expanded. However, in 1811 the British destroyed all of the original fortress and most of the outer walls. The Porta de Santiago gateway, and the rebuilt Middelburg Bastion, are the only parts of the fortress that remain today.
The Portuguese Settlement is a settlement area of Ujong Pasir in Malacca City, Melaka Tengah District, Malacca, Malaysia, which serves as a home for the Kristang people. The Kristang people are a Malaysian ethnic group with mixed Portuguese and Malay heritage, originating from the time of the Portuguese rule in Malacca.
Christ Church, Malacca, is an 18th-century Dutch-built Anglican church in the city of Malacca City, Malaysia. It is the oldest functioning Protestant church in Malaysia and is within the jurisdiction of the Lower Central Archdeaconry of the Anglican Diocese of West Malaysia.
Saint Paul's Church is a historic church building in Malacca City, Malaysia, that was originally built from 1566 to 1590. It is the oldest European building east of India. It is located on the summit of St. Paul's Hill.
Malacca, officially the Historic State of Malacca, is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, facing the Strait of Malacca. The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the south. The exclave of Tanjung Tuan also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north. Its capital is Malacca City, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008.
Malacca Stamp Museum is a postal museum in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. It is housed in a building that was constructed using local materials and has the shape and characteristics of western architecture.
The Malaysia Youth Museum is a museum in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia, which dedicated to the youth of Malaysia and their contribution to the economic and social wellbeing at regional, national, and international levels.
The Malaysia Architecture Museum is an architecture museum in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia which exhibits various architectural materials, building models and concepts.
The Church of St. Francis Xavier is a church in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia.
St. Paul's Hill is a hill in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. It was originally known as Malacca Hill during the Sultanate period and Mary's Hill during the Portuguese period.
The Governor's Museum is a museum atop St. Paul's Hill in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia, which exhibits the personal belongings of various governors of Malacca since the independence of Malaya. The museum's building was formerly used as the official residence and office of the Dutch governor of Malacca, as well as the official residence of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor of Malacca until September 1996, before being turned into a museum and officially opened to the public in 2002.
The Proclamation of Independence Memorial is a museum in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia.
St. Peter's Church is a church in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia. It is the oldest functioning Roman Catholic church in Malaysia.
The Hang Li Poh's Well, also known as King's Well, is a historical water well in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia. It is the oldest water well in Malaysia.
The Hang Jebat Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Hang Jebat located in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia.
The History and Ethnography Museum is a museum in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. It is located inside the Stadthuys building, built during the Dutch Malacca administration period in 1650. The historical section of the museum displays the history of Malacca from its establishment in 1400 until 1957, the year Malaya gained independence, while the ethnography section of the museum portrays the lifestyle and culture of various communities and sub-communities of Malacca including the Malays, the Chinese, the Indians, the Portuguese, the Baba and Nyonya, the Chetti and Chitty communities. Other exhibits include items used in traditional wedding ceremonies, kitchen utensils, musical instruments and collections of ancient porcelain ware, weapons, stamps and ancient currencies.
The Middelburg Bastion was one of nine bastions of A Famosa, in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia located at the mouth of Malacca River. The bastion has been restored, together with cannons, and is open for visitors. The Dutch name is in reference to the city of Middelburg, Zeeland.
The Pahang Sultanate also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate, as opposed to the modern Pahang Sultanate, was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay Peninsula in the 15th century. At the height of its influence, the sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asia and controlled the entire Pahang basin, bordering the Pattani Sultanate to the north and the Johor Sultanate to the south. To the west, its jurisdiction extended over parts of modern-day Selangor and Negeri Sembilan.
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