In Indonesia, state-owned enterprises (Indonesian : Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN)) play an important role in the national economy. Their roles includes contributor for national economy growth, providing goods or services which are not covered by private company, employment provider, providing support guidance to small and medium businesses, and source of government revenue. [3] The Ministry of State Owned Enterprises represents the government's function as a shareholder of most of those companies, while some are represented by the Ministry of Finance.
Aside from SOEs, there are also provincially- or municipally-owned corporations, locally known as Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD). The primary difference between BUMNs and BUMDs is the ownership of the enterprise, whereas BUMNs are controlled by the Ministry of State Owned Enterprise while BUMDs are directly controlled by the local government. BUMDs roles are similar with BUMNs, with heavy emphasis on providing goods or services to the local community. In addition, there are also village-owned enterprises which are run by village governments.
During the Dutch colonial era, the government had a monopoly on the opium, pawnbroking (nationalized on 1 April 1901), posts (including the Post Office Savings Bank), telegraph and telephone industry, as well as owning most of the railways and electric utilities. They are managed by the Department of State-Owned Enterprises (Dutch : Department van Gouvernementsbedrijven).
By the end of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, the Indonesian government had a major or complete ownership on the public utility, buses, railways, banks and communications.
With the beginning of Guided Democracy in Indonesia, many Dutch-owned companies, or Indonesian branches of Dutch companies, were nationalized (see Nationalized Dutch companies below).
During the New Order, the nationalized companies were still state-owned. Some of the companies were listed in the Jakarta Stock Exchange later on.
Today the largest banks in Indonesia are mostly state-owned.[ citation needed ]
On 1 July 2020, [21] the Ministry of State Owned Enterprises uniformized the corporate core values of all state-owned enterprises into what is called AKHLAK. The implementation of AKHLAK in all state-owned enterprises was intended "to create strong SOEs that have global competitiveness with human resources that are qualified, talented, cultured and highly performed." [22] They are:
Since 2003, there are two types of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia:
Until 2003, there was also another type of SOE called Perusahaan Jawatan (Perjan/PJ) (lit. 'service company') which had operational costs funded from the national budget. Employees of these SOEs were civil servants and the companies were regarded as government agencies. Firms in this category have been either upgraded into other types of SOEs or converted into government agencies.
Information on the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is drawn from the Ministry of State Owned Enterprises [23] and the Ministry of the State Secretariat's Legal Documentation and Information Network portals. [24]
Indonesian SOEs subdivided into 12 clusters.
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Tbk | Telkom | Telecommunications company | https://www.telkom.co.id/ |
PT Danareksa (Persero) | Danareksa | Holding company | https://www.danareksa.co.id/ |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) | PLN | Electricity Supply | https://www.pln.com/id |
PT Pertamina (Persero) | Pertamina | Mining and Exploration | https://www.pertamina.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Aviasi Pariwisata Indonesia (Persero) | InJourney | Holding company | https://injourney.id/ |
PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk | Garuda Indonesia | Air Transportation | https://www.garuda-indonesia.com/id |
Perum Lembaga Penyelenggara Pelayanan Navigasi Penerbangan Indonesia | AirNav Indonesia | Air Traffic Management | https://www.airnavindonesia.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Bahana Pembinaan Usaha Indonesia (Persero) | Indonesia Financial Group (IFG) | Holding company | https://www.bahana.com/id |
PT Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) | Jiwasraya | Insurance | https://www.jiwasraya.com/id |
PT Asuransi Sosial Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Persero) | ASABRI | Police and Army Insurance | https://www.asabri.com/id |
PT Reasuransi Indonesia Utama (Persero) | Indonesia Re | Insurance | https://www.indonesiare.com/id |
PT Dana Tabungan dan Asuransi Pegawai Negeri (Persero) | TASPEN | Pension Fund Management | https://www.taspen.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk | Bank BRI | Financial Services and Banking, Holding company | https://www.bri.com/id |
PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk | Bank Mandiri | Financial Services and Banking | https://bankmandiri.co.id/ |
PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk | Bank BNI | Financial Services and Banking | https://www.bni.co/id |
PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk | Bank BTN | Financial Services and Banking | https://www.btn.com/id |
Perum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia | Peruri | Printing | https://www.peruri.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
Perum BULOG | BULOG | Food Supply Chain | https://www.bulog.com/id |
PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) | Pupuk Indonesia | Processing Manufacture | https://www.pupuk-indonesia.com/id |
PT Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (Persero) | ID FOOD | Plantation, Holding company | https://www.rni.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk | Jasa Marga | Toll Road Management | https://www.jasamarga.com/id |
PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk | Adhi | Construction | https://www.adhi.com/id |
PT Hutama Karya (Persero) | HK | Construction and Toll Road Management | https://www.hutamakarya.com/id |
PT Waskita Karya (Persero) Tbk | Waskita | Construction | https://www.waskita.com/id |
PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) Tbk | PP | Construction | https://www.pt-pp.com/id |
PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk | Wika | Construction | https://www.wika.co.id/ |
Perum Pembangunan Perumahan Nasional | Perumnas | Construction | https://www.perumnas.com/id |
PT Brantas Abipraya (Persero) | Abipraya | Construction | https://www.brantas-abipraya.com/id |
PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk | Semen Indonesia Group (SIG) | Processing Manufacture | https://www.semenindonesia.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
Perum Kehutanan Negara | Perhutani | Forestry | https://www.perhutani.co.id/ |
PT Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero) | Perkebunan Nusantara | Plantation, Holding company | https://www.ptpn3.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Mineral Industri Indonesia | Mineral Industry Indonesia (MIND ID) | Mining and Exploration | https://mind.id/ |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (Persero) | ID SURVEY | Ship Classification and Statutory | http://www.bki.co.id/ |
PT Len Industri (Persero) | Defense Industry Indonesia (DEFEND ID) | Processing Manufacture, Holding company | https://www.len.com/id |
PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk | Krakatau Steel | Processing Manufacture | https://www.krakatausteel.com/id |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
Perum DAMRI | DAMRI | Transportation | https://www.damri.co.id/ |
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) | KAI | Railway Service | https://www.kai.com/id |
PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero) | INKA | Railway Manufacture | https://www.inka.co.id/ |
PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) | Pos Indonesia Logistik Indonesia (POS IND) | Post, Mail Service and Telecommunication | https://www.posindonesia.com/id |
PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (Persero) | Pelni | Sea Transportation | https://www.pelni.com/id |
PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) | ASDP | River and Water Transport Provider | https://www.indonesiaferry.co.id/ |
PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) | Pelindo | Sea Port Management | https://www.pelindo.co.id/ |
Company | Common Name | Sector | Website |
---|---|---|---|
PT Biofarma (Persero) | Biofarma | Vaccines, Holding company | https://www.biofarma.com/id/ |
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