Streak-breasted bulbul

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Streak-breasted bulbul
Hypsipetes siquijorensis siquijorensis.jpg
Siquijor bulbul
Cebu Streak-breasted Bulbul (cropped).jpg
Cebu bulbul
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Infraorder: Passerides
Family: Pycnonotidae
Genus: Hypsipetes
Species:
H. siquijorensis
Binomial name
Hypsipetes siquijorensis
(Steere, 1890)
Synonyms
  • Iole siquijorensis
  • Ixos siquijorensis(Steere, 1890)

The streak-breasted bulbul (Hypsipetes siquijorensis) is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.

Contents

It is endemic to the Philippines found in the Visayas on the islands of Tablas Island, Siquijor, Cebu and Romblon. This species is believed to be a species complex and its three subspecies are all distinct species namely the Cebu bulbul, Tablas bulbul and the Siquijor bulbul. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist shrubland.

It is currently an endangered species. If split into three species, the Cebu bulbul and Romblon bulbul are likely critically endangered. Thought extinct until its rediscovery on 1996, the Cebu bulbul in particular is especially at risk of extinction as unlike the other subspecies, is a forest specialist and cannot survive in scrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. [2]


Description and taxonomy

Romblon bulbul Romblon Streak-breasted Bulbul.jpg
Romblon bulbul

EBird describes the bird as "A medium-sized bird of foothill forest and edge as well as more open wooded areas. Fairly large for a bulbul. Dark brown above with a pale belly and a warm brown chest and throat with pale streaking. Note brown cheek and black crown that can be raised into a spiky crest. Similar to Philippine Bulbul, but larger, with a longer bill, a black crown, and a paler throat and chest. Voice consists of rather unpleasant grating chatters and harsh downslurred squeals." [3] However, this description mostly refers to the siquijorensis sub-species (potentially a split). The other two sub-species have much lighter colored appearances and no spiky crown. [4]

A stuffed specimen of the nominate subspecies from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.99781 1 - Hypsipetes siquijorensis siquijorensis (Steere, 1890) - Pycnonotidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg
A stuffed specimen of the nominate subspecies from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center

The streak-breasted bulbul was originally described in the genus Iole and later placed in the genus Ixos before being re-classified to the genus Hypsipetes in 2010. [5] Alternate names for the streak-breasted bulbul include the mottle-breasted bulbul and slaty-crowned bulbul.

Subspecies

Three subspecies are currently recognized: [6] It has been proposed that each should be elevated to the full species level with each having different calls and considerable differences in appearances.

Habitat and conservation status

It is found in tropical lowland moist primary and secondary forest. It is able to tolerate degraded habitat provided there is nearby forest but occurs in lower densities in these areas.

IUCN has assessed this bird as endangered with population estimates being 2,500 to 9,999 mature individuals and continuing to decrease. Although it can tolerate less than ideal forest, this species' main threat is habitat loss with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of logging, agricultural conversion and mining activities occurring within the range. Siquijor, Cebu and Tablas Island are some of the most deforested islands with just 8 km2 of forest remaining on Siquijor and 15km2 on Cebu. It appears to face interspecies competition from the Yellow-vented bulbul and the Philippine bulbul.

Conservation actions proposed include: the promotion of improved management of the existing reserves to prevent further habitat deterioration on Siquijor, Cebu and Romblon; the designation of further protected areas as appropriate, particularly on Tablas Island; the promotion of forest restoration and regeneration on Tablas Island; and on Cebu, investigation into the potential for targeted conservation, including captive breeding, of the subspecies monticola. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hypsipetes</i> Genus of birds

Hypsipetes is a genus of bulbuls, songbirds in the family Pycnonotidae. Most of its species occur in tropical forests around the Indian Ocean. But while the genus is quite diverse in the Madagascar region at the western end of its range it does not reach the African mainland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Javan bulbul</span> Species of bird

The Javan bulbul is a songbird species in the bulbul family. It is the type species of the genus Ixos. It is endemic to the island of Java in Indonesia in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buff-vented bulbul</span> Species of songbird

The buff-vented bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in south-eastern Myanmar, south-western Thailand, on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and nearby islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-eyed bulbul</span> Species of songbird

The grey-eyed bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in Southeast Asia in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olive bulbul</span> Species of songbird

The olive bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found from southern Myanmar to south-western Thailand and the Malay Peninsula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellowish bulbul</span> Species of songbird

The yellowish bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on East Visayas, Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. The birds of the Sulu archipelago are sometimes considered a separate species called the Sulu bulbul. This species is declining due to habitat loss.

<i>Ixos</i> Genus of birds

Ixos is a genus of passerine birds in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Streaked bulbul</span> Species of bird

The streaked bulbul, or green-backed bulbul, is a songbird species in the bulbul family (Pycnonotidae). It is found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulphur-bellied bulbul</span> Species of bird

The sulphur-bellied bulbul is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to Palawan (Philippines). Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine bulbul</span> Species of bird

The Philippine bulbul is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zamboanga bulbul</span> Species of bird

The Zamboanga bulbul is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests of Basilan and the Zamboanga Peninsula. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pygmy flowerpecker</span> Species of bird

The pygmy flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

<i>Iole</i> (bird) Genus of birds

Iole is a genus of songbirds in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. They are native to tropical eastern Asia, from India to China and south through Southeast Asia to northern Indonesia.

The Moheli bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mohéli. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Until 2011, it was classified as a subspecies of the Grand Comoro bulbul. It is also considered a sister species to the Seychelles bulbul.

The Mindoro bulbul is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visayan bulbul</span> Species of bird

The Visayan bulbul or Steere's bulbul, is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romblon boobook</span> Species of owl

The Romblon boobook or Romblon hawk-owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to the Philippines. It is only found on the islands of Tablas, Sibuyan and Romblon. It was previously known as a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other evidence suggested it was a distinct species. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cebu boobook</span> Species of owl

The Cebu boobook or Cebu hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other data suggested placement in a distinct species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cebu bulbul</span> Subspecies of bird

The Cebu bulbul also known as the Cebu slaty-crowned bulbul or the Cebu streak-breasted bulbul is a subspecies of the streak-breasted bulbul. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on the island of Cebu where its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. Thought extinct until its rediscovery in 1996, it is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. It is likely that this will eventually be split into a separate species and if so will become one of the most endangered species in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tablas bulbul</span>

The Tablas bulbul also known as the Romblon bulbul or the Tablas streak-breasted bulbul is a subspecies of the streak-breasted bulbul. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on the islands of Romblon and Tablas Island where its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. It is likely that this will eventually be split into a separate species and asssessed as critically endangered.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2017). "Hypsipetes siquijorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22713185A117107155. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22713185A117107155.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. BLI (2008)
  3. "Streak-breasted Bulbul". Ebird.
  4. Allen, Desmond (2020). Birds of the Philippines. Barcelona: Lynx and Birdlife Guides International. pp. 280–281.
  5. "Taxonomy Version 2 « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-11-05.
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Bulbuls". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  7. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (2017-10-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hypsipetes siquijorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-09-16.