Striped woodcreeper | |
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at Manacapuru, Amazonas state, Brazil | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Furnariidae |
Genus: | Xiphorhynchus |
Species: | X. obsoletus |
Binomial name | |
Xiphorhynchus obsoletus (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1820) | |
The striped woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus obsoletus) is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. [2] It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. [3]
The striped woodcreeper has these four subspecies: [2]
Some doubt exists that X. o. caicarae is a valid subspecies. [4]
The striped woodcreeper is medium-sized, with a slim, slightly decurved bill of moderate length. The species is 18 to 20.5 cm (7.1 to 8.1 in) long. Males weigh 27 to 37 g (0.95 to 1.3 oz) and females 24 to 36 g (0.85 to 1.3 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies X. o. obsoletus have a face with thin creamy buff and dark brown streaks that become bold scaling on the sides of the neck. They have a faint pale supercilium or none at all. Their crown and nape are blackish to dark olive-brown with pale spots that have dusky edges. Their back is olive-brown with dusky-edged whitish buff streaks. Their rump, wings, and tail are cinnamon-rufous to rufous-chestnut, with dusky to dark brown tips on the primaries. Their throat is buffy white, sometimes with a faint scaly appearance. Their underparts are grayish olive-brown and sometimes have a rufescent cast; they have buffy-white streaks with black edges that are bold on the breast and weaker on the lower belly and undertail coverts. Their iris is brown to dark brown, their maxilla pale brownish to grayish-horn with a darker base, their mandible pale bluish gray to light brown, and their legs and feet shades of gray or dark brown. Juveniles are similar to adults but with less well defined dark edges to their spots and streaks. [4] [5]
Subspecies X. o. notatus is more rufescent than the nominate; its throat and streaks are a deeper buff to ochraceous and its streaks are finer. X. o. palliatus is even more rufescent; its streaks are more deeply colored and its back and rump are closer in color to each other than are the nominate's. X. o. caicarae is the smallest subspecies and has browner (less grayish) underparts and a shorter bill than the nominate. [4] [5] [6] [7]
The subspecies intergrade in their contact zones. [4]
The subspecies of the striped woodcreeper are found thus: [4]
The striped woodcreeper is primarily a bird of mature evergreen forest, and favors landscapes near water. These include várzea , igapó , and swamp forest, and river islands. It occurs less frequently in terra firme and secondary forest. In the southern part of its range it occurs in gallery forest within the cerrado . It is entirely a bird of the lowlands, being found only below 500 m (1,600 ft). [4] [5] [6] [7]
The striped woodcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range. [4]
The striped woodcreeper's diet is mostly insects and other arthropods such as spiders. It usually forages singly but sometimes in pairs, and at all levels of the forest up to the subcanopy. It sometimes joins mixed-species feeding flocks and is not known to follow army ant swarms. It hitches up trunks and branches, sometimes on the underside of the latter, and gleans, probes, and pecks for prey. It also takes a significant part of its prey by mid-air capture during sallies from a perch. [4] [5] [6] [7]
The striped woodcreeper's breeding season is not well defined but appears to vary somewhat geographically. It nests in cavities, such as in a stump, and also in nests of arboreal termites. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known. [4]
The striped woodcreeper sings mostly at dawn and dusk, and also intermittently during the day. Its song is "a trill...20–35 sharp notes, first stuttering, then speeding up slightly, rises conspicuously at end, 'che-e-e-e-e-e-ee-ie-ie-iek!'." Its calls include "sip", "ti-dik", and a "dry twittering 'tit-it-it' or 'si-si-sip' ". [4]
The IUCN has assessed the striped woodcreeper as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered uncommon to fairly common in much of its range but only rare and local at its periphery. It is "[b]elieved to be at least moderately sensitive to loss and fragmentation of forest; successional nature of its habitat, however, suggests greater tolerance of modification than is shown by most terra firme species." [4]
The plain-brown woodcreeper, is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in the tropical New World from Honduras through South America to central Brazil and in Trinidad and Tobago.
The cocoa woodcreeper is a passerine bird in the woodcreeper subfamily of the ovenbird family. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the buff-throated woodcreeper.
The buff-throated woodcreeper is a resident passerine bird found in tropical South America in the Guiana Shield and disjunctly in the northern Atlantic Forest. It formerly included the cocoa woodcreeper and the Lafresnaye's woodcreeper as subspecies. Some authorities retain Lafresnaye's position as a subspecies of the buff-throated woodcreeper, but the resulting group is polyphyletic.
The olivaceous woodcreeper is a passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found from central Mexico south through every Central American country, on the island of Tobago, and in every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, and Suriname.
The wedge-billed woodcreeper is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The spot-throated woodcreeper is a species of bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Suriname.
The cinnamon-throated woodcreeper is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The Amazonian barred woodcreeper is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The black-banded woodcreeper is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found discontinuously from Chiapas, Mexico, to Panama and in every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.
The planalto woodcreeper is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The slender-billed miner is a species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The long-billed woodcreeper is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela.
The striped treehunter is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae with a dusky-brown coloring with prominent buff streaking on the wings, throat, and breast. It is found in humid to wet montane forest that range locally in the Andes from west Venezuela to west Bolivia most often at elevations of 1500–2500 m. It is most often mistaken for and with the larger flammulated treehunter due to many physical and behavioral similarities.
The white-throated woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The moustached woodcreeper is a Vulnerable species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The great rufous woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The strong-billed woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
The lesser woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Lafresnaye's woodcreeper is a resident passerine bird found in tropical South America in the western and southern Amazon and adjacent sections of the Cerrado. It is often considered a subspecies of the buff-throated woodcreeper, but this combined "species" would be polyphyletic. It includes the dusky-billed woodcreeper, which sometimes is considered a separate species.
The Ceara woodcreeper or Atlantic woodcreeper is a Vulnerable species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.