Sunburst butterflyfish

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Sunburst butterflyfish
Bep chaetodon kleinii pemba.jpg
Western color morph at Pemba Island (Tanzania)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Chaetodontidae
Genus: Chaetodon
Subgenus: Lepidochaetodon
Species:
C. kleinii
Binomial name
Chaetodon kleinii
Bloch, 1790
Synonyms [2]
  • Anisochaetodon kleinii(Bloch, 1790)
  • Exornator exornator kleinii(Bloch, 1790)
  • Chaetodon melastomusBloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Chaetodon melammystaxBloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Chaetodon flavescens Bennett, 1831
  • Chaetodon virescens Cuvier, 1831
  • Chaetodon bellulus Thiollière, 1857
  • Chaetodon corallicola Snyder, 1904
  • Chaetodon cingulatus Fowler, 1934

The sunburst butterflyfish (Chaetodon kleinii), also known as the black-lipped butterflyfish, "blacklip butterflyfish" or Klein's butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. This is an Indo-Pacific species of reef habitats.

Contents

Description

The body of this fish is yellowish brown with 1-2 broad lighter vertical bars, one running from near the origin of the dorsal spine to the belly, and sometimes another running from the middle of the back to the center of the body. A black bar runs vertically across the eye, and the part before this is whitish, with a black snout. The color varies somewhat across the range; western specimens usually have one beige bar, while eastern ones have two white bars. There may be numerous dotted horizontal stripes on the sides, or another dark band between the two light ones in eastern specimens. [2]

Distribution

It is a native of the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Australia and New Caledonia. It is also found in Galapagos Islands in the Eastern Pacific. [2]

Habitat and biology

The sunburst butterflyfish is found at depths of 4–61 meters, usually in deeper lagoons and channels and seaward reefs, swimming singly, or (particularly during breeding) in pairs. These fish are oviparous. [2]

They are omnivores, feeding mainly on soft coral polyps (especially Litophyton viridis and Sarcophyton tracheliophorum ), algae and zooplankton. [2] In the aquarium, Chaetodon kleinii will eat meaty food such as mysis. Its coral-eating habits can become a nuisance, but on the other hand they are fond of Aiptasia , small sea anemones that often become a pest in seawater aquaria. [3]

Taxonomy and etymology

The sunburst butterflyfish was first formally described in 1790 by the German naturalist and physician Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799) with the type locality given as the East Indies (Ostindien). [4] The specific name honours the German jurist, historian, botanist, zoologist and mathematician Jacob Theodor Klein (1685-1759) who illustrated this species in volume 4 of his 5 volume history of fishes, which drew Bloch's attention. [5]

Under its junior synonym C. corallicola was placed in the monotypic subgenus Tifia, [6] but this cannot be separated from the earlier-described Lepidochaetodon (sometimes considered a separate genus). It appears to be closer to the Tahiti butterflyfish ( C. trichrous ) than to the teardrop butterflyfish (C. unimaculatus). [7] [8]

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References

  1. ↑ Rocha, L.A.; Pyle, R.; Myers, R.F.; Craig, M.T.; Pratchett, M. (2010). "Chaetodon kleinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T165628A6072507. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165628A6072507.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Chaetodon keleinii" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ↑ "Chaetodon klenii". Saltcorner. Bob Goemans. 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  4. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Chaetodon kleinii". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  5. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (21 July 2020). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  6. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Chaetodontidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  7. ↑ Fessler, Jennifer L.; Westneat, Mark W (2007). "Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (1): 50–68. Bibcode:2007MolPE..45...50F. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.018. PMID   17625921.
  8. ↑ Hsu, Kui-Ching; Chen, Jeng-Ping & Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of Chaetodon (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement. 14: 77–86. Archived 2007-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
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