Tephrosia

Last updated

Tephrosia
Tephrosia elongata, blom, Voortrekkermonument-NR, a.jpg
Tephrosia elongata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Millettieae
Genus: Tephrosia
Pers. 1807
Species

See text.

Synonyms [1] [2] [3]
List
  • ApodynomeneE.Mey. (1836)
  • CataclineEdgew. (1847), nom. provis.
  • CaulocarpusBaker f. (1926)
  • ColinilAdans. (1763)
  • CraccaL. (1753) (non Benth.), nom. rej.
  • CrafordiaRaf. (1814)
  • ErebinthusMitch. (1748)
  • KieseraReinw. ex Blume (1823)
  • LupinophyllumHutch. (1967)
  • MacronyxDalzell (1850)
  • NeedhamiaScop. (1777)
  • OrobosSt.-Lag. (1880)
  • ParatephrosiaDomin (1912)
  • PogonostigmaBoiss. (1843)
  • ReineriaMoench (1802)
  • Seemannantha Alef. (1862)
  • XiphocarpusC.Presl (1831)

Tephrosia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. [4]

Contents

The generic name is derived from the Greek word τεφρος (tephros), meaning "ash-colored," referring to the greyish tint given to the leaves by their dense trichomes. [5] Hoarypea is a common name for plants in this genus, [6] along with goat's rue and devil's shoestring. [7]

Uses

Many species in the genus are poisonous, particularly to fish, for their high concentration of rotenone. The black seeds of Tephrosia species have historically been used by indigenous cultures as fish toxins. [7] [8] [9] [10] In the last century, several Tephrosia species have been studied in connection with the use of rotenone as an insecticide and pesticide.

Tephrosia vogelii is also one of the many beneficial nitrogen-fixing legumes that can be used in a permaculture forest gardening system as a source of living 'chop and drop' mulch. [11]

Selected species

Species include:

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Senecio vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio vulgaris, often known by the common names groundsel and old-man-in-the-spring, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is an annual herb, native to the Palaearctic and widely naturalised as a ruderal species in suitable disturbed habitats worldwide.

<i>Phytolacca</i> Genus of plants

Phytolacca is a genus of perennial plants native to North America, South America and East Asia. Some members of the genus are known as pokeweeds or similar names such as pokebush, pokeberry, pokeroot or poke sallet. Other names for species of Phytolacca include inkberry and ombú. The generic name is derived from the Greek word φυτόν (phyton), meaning "plant," and the Latin word lacca, a red dye. Phytolaccatoxin and phytolaccigenin are present in many species which are poisonous to mammals if not prepared properly. The berries are eaten by birds, which are not affected by the toxin. The small seeds with very hard outer shells remain intact in the digestive system and are eliminated whole.

<i>Robinia</i> Genus of (flowering) plants

Robinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, tribe Robinieae, native to North America. Commonly known as locusts, they are deciduous trees and shrubs growing 4–25 metres (13–82 ft) tall. The leaves are pinnate with 7–21 oval leaflets. The flowers are white or pink, in usually pendulous racemes. Many species have thorny shoots, and several have sticky hairs on the shoots.

<i>Menispermum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Menispermum (moonseed) is a small genus of deciduous climbing woody vines in the moonseed family (Menispermaceae). Plants in this genus have small dioecious flowers, and clusters of small grape-like drupes. The name, moonseed, comes from the shape of the seed, which resembles a crescent moon. The word Menispermum is derived from the Greek words μήν (mēn), meaning (crescent) moon, and σπέρμα (sperma) meaning seed. The common name moonseed is also applied to some other species in the related genus Cocculus.

<i>Coreopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Coreopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include calliopsis and tickseed, a name shared with various other plants.

<i>Catharanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Catharanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. Like the genus Vinca, they are known commonly as periwinkles. There are eight known species. Seven are endemic to Madagascar, though one, C. roseus, is widely naturalized around the world. The eighth species, C. pusillus, is native to India and Sri Lanka. The name Catharanthus comes from the Greek for "pure flower".

<i>Lythrum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Lythrum is a genus of 38 species of flowering plants native to the temperate world. Commonly known as loosestrife, they are among 32 genera of the family Lythraceae.

<i>Parkinsonia</i> Genus of legumes

Parkinsonia, also Cercidium, is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains about 12 species that are native to semi-desert regions of Africa and the Americas. The name of the genus honors English apothecary and botanist John Parkinson (1567–1650).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaseoleae</span> Tribe of legumes

The plant tribe Phaseoleae is one of the subdivisions of the legume subfamily Faboideae, in the unranked NPAAA clade. This group includes many of the beans cultivated for human and animal food, most importantly from the genera Glycine, Phaseolus, and Vigna.

<i>Colubrina</i> Genus of flowering plants

Colubrina is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa, the Americas, southern Asia, northern Australia, and the Indian Ocean islands.

<i>Argemone</i> Genus of flowering plants

Argemone is a genus of flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae commonly known as prickly poppies. There are about 32 species native to the Americas and Hawaii. The generic name originated as ἀργεμώνη in Greek and was applied by Dioscorides to a poppy-like plant used to treat cataracts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tephrosin</span> Chemical compound

Tephrosin is rotenoid. It is a natural fish poison found in the leaves and seeds of Tephrosia purpurea and T. vogelii.

<i>Heteropogon</i> (plant) Genus of grasses

Heteropogon is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family known generally as tangleheads, widespread primarily in tropical and subtropical regions.

<i>Tephrosia virginiana</i> Species of legume

Tephrosia virginiana, also known as goat-rue, goat's rue, catgut, rabbit pea, Virginia tephrosia, hoary pea, and devil's shoestring is a perennial dicot in family Fabaceae. The plant is native to central and eastern North America.

<i>Piptanthus</i> Genus of legumes

Piptanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes two species of shrubs native to the Himalayas, Tibet, Myanmar, and western China. They grow in montane grassland, thicket, and forest margins.

<i>Piscidia</i> Genus of legumes

Piscidia is a genus of flowering plants in subfamily Faboideae of the family Fabaceae. It includes seven species of trees, and rarely shrubs, native to the tropical Americas, ranging from northern Mexico and Florida through Central America and the Caribbean to Venezuela and Peru. Typical habitats include seasonally-dry tropical forest, woodland, and bushland, often on rocky hills, with some species restricted to limestone substrates.

<i>Shuteria</i> Genus of legumes

Shuteria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes four species of climbing herbs or lianas which range from the Indian subcontinent through Indochina, southern China, and Malesia to Papuasia. They grow in seasonally-dry tropical and subtropical forest margins, secondary forest, woodland, or scrub, often in open areas and on limestone. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Some species of Shuteria are used in traditional medicines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Millettieae</span> Tribe of legumes

The tribe Millettieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae.

<i>Tephrosia vogelii</i> Species of legume

Tephrosia vogelii, the Vogel's tephrosia, fish-poison-bean or Vogel tephrosia (English), tefrósia (Portuguese) or barbasco guineano (Spanish), is a flowering plant species in the genus Tephrosia.

References

  1. Tephrosia Pers. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  2. "Genus: Tephrosia Pers". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
  3. Pedley L. (2014). "Systematics of Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae: Millettiae) in Queensland: 1. A summary of the classification of the genus, with the recognition of two new species allied to T. varians (F.M.Bailey) C.T.White". Austrobaileya. 9 (2): 229–243. JSTOR   43869005.
  4. Weakley, Alan (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  5. Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. IV R-Z. CRC Press. p. 2642. ISBN   978-0-8493-2678-3.
  6. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tephrosia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  7. 1 2 Randolph, Vance (2012-07-31). Ozark Magic and Folklore. Courier Corporation. ISBN   978-0-486-12296-0.
  8. U.S. Food & Drug Administration (March 2006). "Results for search term "tephrosia"". FDA Poisonous Plant Database. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Retrieved 2008-01-21.[ permanent dead link ]
  9. Hugh Scott, In the High Yemen, London 1942, p. 238, note C.
  10. NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online: Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae. Retrieved 10 June 2018
  11. Koigi, Bob (November 2011). "Tephrosia Leaf Offers Low-Cost Tick Protection". New Agriculturalist.