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The septum pellucidum is a thin, triangular, vertical double membrane separating the anterior horns of the left and right lateral ventricles of the brain. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix.
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic syndromes all deriving from abnormalities of the ectodermal structures. More than 150 different syndromes have been identified.
Plakoglobin, also known as junction plakoglobin or gamma-catenin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUP gene. Plakoglobin is a member of the catenin protein family and homologous to β-catenin. Plakoglobin is a cytoplasmic component of desmosomes and adherens junctions structures located within intercalated discs of cardiac muscle that function to anchor sarcomeres and join adjacent cells in cardiac muscle. Mutations in plakoglobin are associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a benign condition of the jaws that may arise from the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments. It is most common in African-American females. The three types are periapical cemental dysplasia, focal cemento-osseous dysplasia (Caucasians), and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. Periapical occurs most commonly in the mandibular anterior teeth while focal appears predominantly in the mandibular posterior teeth and florid in both maxilla and mandible in multiple quadrants.
Hay–Wells syndrome is one of at least 150 known types of ectodermal dysplasia. These disorders affect tissues that arise from the ectodermal germ layer, such as skin, hair, and nails.
Filamin A, alpha (FLNA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLNA gene.
SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCAL1 gene.
Focal dermal hypoplasia is a form of ectodermal dysplasia. It is a multisystem disorder characterized primarily by skin manifestations to the atrophic and hypoplastic areas of skin which are present at birth. These defects manifest as yellow-pink bumps on the skin and pigmentation changes. The disorder is also associated with shortness of stature and some evidence suggests that it can cause epilepsy.
Trevor disease, also known as dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica and Trevor's disease, is a congenital bone developmental disorder. There is 1 case per million population. The condition is three times more common in males than in females.
Corneodermatosseous syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition with onset in infancy, characterized by corneal dystrophy, photophobia, diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, distal onycholysis, skeletal abnormalities, with brachydactyly, short stature, and medullary narrowing of digits.
Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition with punctate symmetric palmoplantar keratoderma, with the keratoderma and fragility of the nails beginning around age 12. In addition to palmoplantar keratoderma, other symptoms include hypodontia, hypotrichosis, nail dystrophies, and eyelid cysts. Patients may also develop syringofibroadenoma and squamous cell carcinomas.
Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome was formerly thought to be a unique autosomal dominant disorder due to a P63 gene mutation. However, it was recently shown to the same disease as Hay–Wells syndrome.
Ectodermal dysplasia with corkscrew hairs is a skin condition with salient features including exaggerated pili torti, scalp keloids, follicular plugging, keratosis pilaris, xerosis, eczema, palmoplantar keratoderma, syndactyly, onychodysplasia and conjunctival neovascularization.
Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis is a rare autosomal dominant disease whose clinical features, and in particular, pathologic alterations and molecular mechanisms remains to be well defined.
Progressive osseous heteroplasia is a cutaneous condition characterized by cutaneous or subcutaneous ossification.
Melnick–Needles syndrome (MNS), also known as Melnick–Needles osteodysplasty, is an extremely rare congenital disorder that affects primarily bone development. Patients with Melnick–Needles syndrome have typical faces, flaring of the metaphyses of long bones, s-like curvature of bones of legs, irregular constrictions in the ribs, and sclerosis of base of skull.
Schimke syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder.
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia-short limb-abnormal calcification syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by osseous anomalies resulting in short stature and other afflictions.
References
- ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 897. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ↑ Sun Y, Almomani R, Aten E, et al. (July 2010). "Terminal osseous dysplasia is caused by a single recurrent mutation in the FLNA gene". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 87 (1): 146–53. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.06.008. PMC 2896768 . PMID 20598277.