Tetrablemma

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Tetrablemma
Tetrablemma ziyaoensis m.jpg
T. ziyaoensis, male
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Tetrablemmidae
Genus: Tetrablemma
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 [1]
Species

See text

Synonyms

Tetrablemma is a widespread genus of armored spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1873. [3] It contains 30 species found in tropical and subtropical regions primarily throughout Asia and Oceania, with one species, Tetrablemma rhinoceros , known from Angola. [4] [5] They are found in leaf litter, soil, and caves.

The genus contains some of the only species of spiders to have just four eyes along with some species of Caponiidae, to which they are not closely related. [6] [7] The eyes are large and unequal in size, closely grouped around the center of the cephalothorax, with the eye group tending to be set further back in males. The genus contains some variation in eye arrangement, as Tetrablemma alaus , a subterranean species, lacks eyes or any eye spots entirely. [8] They have four closely positioned spinnerets enclosed in a corneous casing. [3]

Lehtinen divided the genus into three subgenera in 1981: Kumaonia, Indonops, and Tetrablemma, although this subgeneric arrangement is not always followed by subsequent authors. [9]

Species

As of November 2024, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oonopidae</span> Family of spiders

Oonopidae, also known as goblin spiders, is a family of spiders consisting of over 1,600 described species in about 113 genera worldwide, with total species diversity estimated at 2000 to 2500 species. The type genus of the family is OonopsKeyserling, 1835.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrablemmidae</span> Family of spiders

Tetrablemmidae, sometimes called armored spiders, is a family of tropical araneomorph spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1873. It contains 126 described species in 29 genera from southeast Asia, with a few that occur in Africa and Central and South America. Pacullidae was incorporated into this family in 1981, but was later restored as a separate family in a 2016 phylogenetic study.

Pacullidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1894. It was merged into Tetrablemmidae in 1958, then raised back to family status after a large phylogenetic study in 2017.

<i>Brignoliella</i> Genus of spiders

Brignoliella is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by W. A. Shear in 1978.

Shearella is a genus of Asian araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1981.

Tetrablemma medioculatum is a species of spider of the genus Tetrablemma. The nominate subspecies is endemic to Sri Lanka. Two other subspecies can be found, both of which are endemic to India.

<i>Ablemma</i> Genus of spiders

Ablemma is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by Carl Friedrich Roewer in 1963.

Anansia is a monotypic genus of Angolan araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae containing the single species, Anansia astaroth. It was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1981, and is found in Angola.

Caraimatta is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1981.

Hexablemma is a monotypic genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae containing the single species, Hexablemma cataphractum. It was first described by Lucien Berland in 1920 from a female found in Kenya. It was separated from Tetrablemma in 1978 for this single species, because it doesn't belong there, but doesn't seem to belong anywhere else either.

Indicoblemma is a genus of Asian araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by J. D. Bourne in 1980. It is a senior synonym of Chavia. They are found in parts of India, China and Thailand.

Maijana is a monotypic genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae containing the single species, Maijana rackae. It was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1981 from a single female found in bat guano in a Javanese cave of the Bogor Regency. Though it looks similar to Tetrablemma species, the structural parts, namely the epigyne, are unique enough to differentiate them.

Mariblemma is a monotypic genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae found on the Seychelles. It contains the single species, Mariblemma pandani, first described by Paolo Brignoli in 1978 and placed into Paculla. Pekka T. Lehtinen transferred it to Mariblemma in 1981, disagreeing with Brignoli's original placement.

Rhinoblemma is a monotypic genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae found on Caroline Island. It contains the single species, Rhinoblemma unicorne, first described in 1963 by Carl Friedrich Roewer under the name Tetrablemma unicornis. In 1981, Pekka T. Lehtinen transferred it to Rhinoblemma.

References

  1. 1 2 "Gen. Tetrablemma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2019-04-13
  2. ↑ Brignoli, P. M. (1976). "On some recent papers about Indian spiders". Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 3 (8): 211–213.
  3. 1 2 Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1873). "On some new genera and species of Araneida". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 41 (1): 112–129.
  4. ↑ Etter, Andres; McAlpine, Clive; Possingham, Hugh (5 February 2008). "Historical Patterns and Drivers of Landscape Change in Colombia Since 1500: A Regionalized Spatial Approach". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 98 (1): 2–23. doi:10.1080/00045600701733911 . Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  5. ↑ Lehtinen, P. T. (1981). "Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 162: 20.
  6. ↑ Shear, William A. (1978). Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Tetrablemmidae and Pacullidae. American Museum of Natural History.
  7. ↑ Wheeler, Ward C.; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Crowley, Louise M.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Goloboff, Pablo A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Prendini, Lorenzo; Ramírez, Martín J.; Sierwald, Petra; Almeida-Silva, Lina; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Benavides Silva, Ligia R.; Benjamin, Suresh P.; Bond, Jason E.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Hasan, Emile; Hedin, Marshal; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Labarque, Facundo M.; Ledford, Joel; Lopardo, Lara; Maddison, Wayne P.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Piacentini, Luis N.; Platnick, Norman I.; Polotow, Daniele; Silva-Dávila, Diana; Scharff, Nikolaj; Szűts, Tamás; Ubick, Darrell; Vink, Cor J.; Wood, Hannah M.; Zhang, Junxia (December 2017). "The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling". Cladistics. 33 (6): 574–616. doi:10.1111/cla.12182 . Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  8. ↑ Burger, Matthias; Harvey, Mark S.; Stevens, Nicholas (April 2010). "A new species of blind subterranean Tetrablemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) from Australia". Journal of Arachnology. 38 (1): 146–149. doi:10.1636/A09-73.1 . Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  9. ↑ Lehtinen, P. T. (1981). "Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 162: 57.


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