The Holy Modal Rounders

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The Holy Modal Rounders
Holy Modal Rounders in 1972.jpg
Peter Stampfel (left) and Steve Weber (right) in 1972
Background information
Origin Lower East Side, New York, NY, USA
Genres Old-time, Psychedelic folk, [1] Freak Folk, Acid Folk, [2] Folk rock
Years active1963–2003
Labels Prestige, ESP-Disk, Elektra, Metromedia, Rounder, Adelphi, Don Giovanni
Spinoffs
  • The Moray Eels
  • The Unholy Modal Rounders
  • Clamtones
Past members


The Holy Modal Rounders was an American folk music group, originally the duo of Peter Stampfel and Steve Weber, who formed in 1963 on the Lower East Side of New York City. Although they achieved only limited commercial and critical success in the 1960s and 1970s, they quickly earned a dedicated cult following and have been retrospectively praised for their groundbreaking reworking of early 20th century folk music as well as their pioneering innovation in several genres, including freak folk and psychedelic folk. With a career spanning 40 years, the Holy Modal Rounders proved to be influential both in the New York scene where they began and to generations of underground musicians.

Contents

As the Holy Modal Rounders, Stampfel and Weber began playing in and around the Greenwich Village scene, at the heart of the ongoing American folk music revival. Their sense of humor, irreverent attitude, and novel update of old-time music brought support from fellow musicians but was controversial amongst some folk traditionalists who saw it as disrespectful. In 1964, the Rounders made history with their self-titled debut, which included the first use of the word "psychedelic" in popular music. After their first two studio albums, the duo briefly joined the newly formed underground rock band the Fugs in 1965 and helped record the band's influential debut album.

Following their exit from the Fugs, the duo released two albums that experimented with psychedelic folk before they expanded their lineup to a full rock band by the end of 1968. The Holy Modal Rounders' expanded lineup notably included famed playwright Sam Shepard as a drummer and many short-lived members before it stabilized in 1971, with a band that would later back Jeffrey Frederick as the Clamtones. In 1972, Weber relocated the band to Portland, Oregon, while Stampfel stayed behind in New York. Although Stampfel would describe Weber as his "long lost brother," [3] they often had a hostile relationship [4] [5] and the two would only reunite sporadically following the band's Portland move. After Weber returned to the East Coast in the mid-1990s, the duo began a series of concert reunions starting in 1996 before breaking up for the last time in 2003.

Origin of the name

Stampfel explained the origin of the name in the webzine Perfect Sound Forever :

[Weber and I] kept changing the name. First it was the Total Quintessence Stomach Pumpers. Then the Temporal Worth High Steppers. Then The Motherfucker Creek Babyrapers. That was just a joke name. He was Rinky-Dink Steve the Tin Horn and I was Fast Lightning Cumquat. He was Teddy Boy Forever and I was Wild Blue Yonder. It kept changing names. Then it was the Total Modal Rounders. Then when we were stoned on pot and someone else, Steve Close maybe, said Holy Modal Rounders by mistake. We kept putting out different names and wait until someone starts calling us that then. When we got to Holy Modal Rounders, everyone decided by accumulation [ sic ] that we were the Holy Modal Rounders. That's the practical way to get named. [3]

History

1963–1965: As a duo

Formation and initial influences

Fiddle and banjo player Peter Stampfel and country-blues guitarist Steve Weber [5] were introduced to each other in May 1963 by Stampfel's girlfriend Antonia Duren (or Antonia Stampfel), who was mononymously known as Antonia. [6] Stampfel grew up in Wisconsin and moved to New York City in 1959, where he soon became entranced with Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music . [7] Weber grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, where he met musicians Michael Hurley and Robin Remaily, both of whom would later collaborate with the Rounders. [7] [8] According to Stampfel, he and Weber began performing together in New York City not long after being introduced, [6] eventually settling on the name the Holy Modal Rounders.

"Everywhere we go people ask us what kind of music we play. Most people have not understood when we explained that no one has ever played music like us before, so of course no one ever bothered naming it. Steve calls it rockabilly and I call it progressive old-timey but I doubt if that helps much."

– Peter Stampfel in the original liner notes for The Holy Modal Rounders (1964) [9]

Although taking inspiration from classic jug bands [10] and Anthology of American Folk Music, [11] the duo quickly showed an inclination to "update old-time folk music with a contemporary spirit." [1] Music critic Richie Unterberger noted that they "twisted weathered folk standards with wobbly vocals, exuberantly strange arrangements, and interpretations that were liberal, to say the least." [12] Stampfel himself described his approach to music at the time: "I got the idea in 1963: What if Charlie Poole, and Charley Patton, and Uncle Dave Macon and all those guys were magically transported from the late 1920s to 1963? And then they were exposed to contemporary rock 'n' roll. What did they do? And that sounded way, way, way more interesting than" faithfully imitating the original arrangements. [5] This realization was partially inspired by Stampfel seeing an early Bob Dylan perform folk music with a rock and roll phrasing. [13]

With these intentions to update traditional music in mind, Stampfel began to change the words and add new verses to the traditional songs they played, once noting "I made up new words... because it was easier than listening to the tape and writing words down." [1] The duo's lyrical changes often featured references to their frequent and open drug use. [14] Fellow folk singer Dave Van Ronk recalled that "they were stoned out of their birds all the time. Everybody knew it, they made no bones about it, and they were having fun." [15] Reflecting on the early music the Rounders (as well as fellow folk musician Michael Hurley) made, Stampfel said "it [was] a confluence of traditional folk music and, um, drugs, basically, with the latter having a very active influence on the former." [16] Author Jesse Jarnow also recognized these influences, commenting the Holy Modal Rounders were "overtly inspired by both Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music and drugs." [17]

From the beginning, the duo's unorthodox approach to covering old-time music was negatively received by some folk purists. Ariel Swartley of The New York Times retrospectively remarked that they stood out in the New York folk scene, in which performers were usually reverential to the material they covered, for "shoe-horning one old-time melody into the middle of another, slipping updated references into archaic laments, making scatological asides or a casual segue to an unrelated fiddle tune and throwing in enough grunts, woofs, whistles and squeals to put both an aging steam engine and a seventh-grade classroom to shame. In short, they offered something to offend everyone." [18] Despite their seemingly irreverent approach, however, Swartley noted the duo "pursued traditional American music with an archival passion to rival that of the New Lost City Ramblers." [18] NPR echoed this, saying the band "wasn't doing parodies of old folk songs. Its members knew the music inside and out." [5]

While some saw their approach as disrespectful, the band attracted a small and devoted following. [1] Terri Thal, Dave Van Ronk's first wife, thought the songs they wrote were "brilliant" and subsequently became the band's first manager. [19] Peter Tork of the Monkees was an early fan, reminiscing the duo was "absolutely hilarious" and brought "a whole new level of authenticity" to the scene. [20] Sterling Morrison of the Velvet Underground similarly praised the Rounders, saying that "the Fugs, the Holy Modal Rounders, and the Velvet Underground were the only authentic Lower East Side bands. We were real bands playing for real people in a real scene. We helped each other out if we could and generally hung out at the same places." [21] The duo was also friendly with and occasionally performed with Karen Dalton [22] and Luke Faust, who briefly played the jug with the duo, [23] [24] during their original incarnation.

Debut and sophomore albums

"Got my psychedelic feet in my psychedelic shoes/I believe, Lordy mama, got the psychedelic blues"

– "Hesitation Blues" by the Holy Modal Rounders [25]

In 1963, the duo was signed to Prestige Records by Paul A. Rothchild for two albums. [26] Recorded the day before John F. Kennedy's assassination, [18] their first album The Holy Modal Rounders was released in 1964 and produced by Sam Charters. [27] [28] The album mainly featured covers of traditional songs with rewritten lyrics. [14] Most notably, the album contained a rewriting of the lyrics of "Hesitation Blues," during which Stampfel sings the first recorded use of the term "psychedelic" in popular music. [11] [25] [27] Stampfel reportedly added these lyrics in hopes to achieve this feat. [9] The duo's arrangement of the traditional song "Blues in the Bottle" opens the album and went on to be covered by the Lovin' Spoonful and the Jim Kweskin & the Jug Band. [4] [29] (Stampfel and Antonia would go on to write the liner notes for the Lovin' Spoonful's 1965 debut album Do You Believe in Magic , where the Spoonful's version of "Blues in the Bottle" was released. [30] ) "Euphoria," written by Robin Remaily, was also featured on their debut and was soon covered by the Youngbloods [31] and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. [32] Ariel Swartley later observed that the song "did for marijuana what Grace Slick's 'White Rabbit' did for LSD three years later." [18]

Their second album, The Holy Modal Rounders 2 , followed in 1965 and was also produced by Charters. [28] Although neither of their first two albums received much attention upon release (a review in Sing Out! dismissed the debut as "parody of folk song and folk content... with a sort of fear written into it - fear of coming out into the open as serious performers"), [5] the albums have since increased in status, with Michael Simmons of LA Weekly describing the debut as a "classic of demented archaic country with rhythmic hints of rock, Stampfel's helium vocals, and his skewed lyrics." [11] In 1972, the two albums were combined by Fantasy Records on the double-LP Stampfel & Weber. [2] [33] In 1999, Fantasy reissued it as 1 & 2, with the addition of two unreleased songs, to positive reviews. [34] [35] Tom Hull, writing in 2004 for the fourth edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide , gave the reissue a four and half star rating, saying "it may have sounded weird way back when, but it sounds fresher than ever today." [36]

1965: The Fugs

The three original members of the Fugs, left to right: Ed Sanders, Ken Weaver, Tuli Kupferberg The Fugs - Terse Reality.jpg
The three original members of the Fugs, left to right: Ed Sanders, Ken Weaver, Tuli Kupferberg

On February 24, 1965 at Ed Sanders's bookstore Peace Eye, the Fugs performed their first gig, which was attended by Andy Warhol, George Plimpton, William Burroughs, and James Michener. [37] The Holy Modal Rounders were also hired to perform and joined the Fugs onstage during their set. [38] Inspired by their political views, humorous and explicit songwriting, and do-it-yourself attitude to music, [37] [39] Stampfel and Weber officially joined the Fugs after the performance, with Stampfel noting that band previously had only Ken Weaver's hand drum to back up Tuli Kupferberg's and Sanders's lyrics. [21] Richie Unterberger later reflected that the Rounders joining the Fugs "instantly multipl[ied] the group's instrumental skills many times over... A real, albeit ragged, band was beginning to take shape." [37]

Continuing to play with the group for several months, they both participated in an April studio session, but only Weber participated in a subsequent summer session. [37] [38] These two sessions resulted in the material featured on the Fugs' debut studio album The Village Fugs Sing Ballads of Contemporary Protest, Point of Views, and General Dissatisfaction . Produced by Harry Smith, [40] it was originally released on Folkways Records' subsidiary Broadside in 1965 [33] and was re-released on ESP-Disk in 1966 as The Fugs First Album. [37] The album included Weber's cult classic "Boobs a Lot" (the Rounders would record their own version of the song on Good Taste Is Timeless ). Outtakes from these sessions were released by ESP-Disk as the Fugs' third studio album Virgin Fugs in 1967. [33] [37] Additional outtakes from the two sessions were released on Fugs 4, Rounders Score in 1975, also on ESP-Disk. [33] [41]

In July 1965, Stampfel left the Fugs and quit the Holy Modal Rounders, later citing his frustration with Weber, who would not work on new songs [3] [26] and whose drug abuse was making him increasingly erratic. [42] Soon after, possibly in July, [43] the Fugs were filmed and photographed at Andy Warhol's The Factory (later in 1965, Warhol would famously become the manager of the Velvet Underground). [44] Warhol was a noted fan of the Fugs and frequented their shows. [43] Featuring Weber performing with the Fugs, the reel was listed in the Warhol's filmography as The Fugs and the Holy Modal Rounders. Although it is unclear if the film still exists, photographs by Billy Name document the band's visit. [43] Weber continued performing with the group until he was fired by the end of 1965 for being unreliable. [45] [46]

1966–1981: Lineup expansion

Psychedelic folk era

After leaving the Fugs and the Holy Modal Rounders, Stampfel decided to form a rock band with his girlfriend Antonia. [45] Although Antonia did not play any instruments, she and Stampfel began a fruitful songwriting partnership during this time. [45] An early attempt at Stampfel's rock band included Stampfel, Antonia, Sam Shepard, Nancy Jeffries, and Bill Barth. [47] [48] Shepard was already a noted playwright when Stampfel met him in September 1966. [49] [50] This lineup never played live but Jeffries and Barth stayed with Stampfel and Antonia for a few weeks before they moved into Luke Faust's building. [48] Faust, Barth, and Jeffries went on to form the Insect Trust with Robert Palmer and Trevor Koehler circa 1966. [51] By 1967, Stampfel's rock band, now called the Moray Eels, had a new lineup of Stampfel, Antonia, Shepard on drums, keyboardist Richard Tyler (then on bass), and Dave Levi on guitar. [50] [52]

In June 1967, [32] Stampfel and Weber briefly reunited at the behest of ESP-Disk founder Bernard Stollman and recorded another Holy Modal Rounders album. [47] Released the same year, Indian War Whoop also included contributions from Shepard and keyboardist (and ex-member of the Fugs) Lee Crabtree. [47] [32] A departure from the old-time music Stampfel and Weber had previously played, Mark Deming of AllMusic later noted that "even by the standards of The Holy Modal Rounders' first two albums, 1967's Indian War Whoop is a thoroughly bizarre listening experience" with "neo-psychedelic fiddle-and-guitar freakouts and free-form (and often radically altered) interpretations of traditional folk tunes." [53]

Because Weber had refused to rehearse before recording Indian War Whoop (which led to an uneven and unfocused project in the eyes of Stampfel), [12] [47] Stampfel did not intend to reunite with him. [50] However, the Moray Eels signed to Elektra Records under the condition that Weber would join the recordings. [50] Thus, Weber came with the Moray Eels, who by this time had added bassist John Annis (sometimes spelled Annas) and dropped Levi, [54] as they briefly moved to California in March 1968 to record an album. [45] During the band's time there, Antonia stopped performing with the group. [55] The Moray Eels Eat The Holy Modal Rounders was released in 1968 as the Rounders' fourth studio album [12] and featured a similar combination of traditional music and psychedelia to Indian War Whoop. [56] Richie Unterberger retrospectively reflected that "no acid folk album mixed inspiration and lunacy in as downright deranged a fashion as The Moray Eels." [12] The album opens with "Bird Song," which was written by Antonia and notably included in Dennis Hopper's 1969 counterculture film Easy Rider and its soundtrack. [57] Stampfel later expressed dissatisfaction with The Moray Eels citing the fact that he, the rest of the band, and the producer used amphetamines excessively during recording and Weber again refused to rehearse any songs before entering the studio. [45] [12] When the album was completed, Weber and the Moray Eels officially combined to reform the Holy Modal Rounders. [50]

Holy Modal Rounders rehearsal in 1968. Musicians left to right: Peter Stampfel, John Annis, Sam Shepard, Steve Weber, Richard Tyler The Holy Modal Rounders in 1968.png
Holy Modal Rounders rehearsal in 1968. Musicians left to right: Peter Stampfel, John Annis, Sam Shepard, Steve Weber, Richard Tyler

While in California, the band played a number of notable shows, opening for Pink Floyd in August in San Francisco, [58] opening for Ike and Tina Turner in Los Angeles, [50] and performing a set on the sketch comedy television show Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In in October. [59] [58] [60] They continued playing shows of high notability after leaving California, opening for the Velvet Underground in Boston in January 1969, [50] playing at Carnegie Hall with the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers in September 1969, [61] and sharing a bill with the Grateful Dead, also in September 1969. [62]

Not long after the band returned to New York City in early 1969, Shepard left the group to focus on a movie meant to star the Rolling Stones. [50] While Michael McCarty, a friend of Annis, [54] replaced him on drums that year, [63] Shepard remained an occasional associate of the band. In November 1969, Shepard played drums with the Holy Modal Rounders at his wedding. [64] In March 1970, Shepard's play Operation Sidewinder premiered and included music written and performed by the Holy Modal Rounders. [65] A double bill performance of Shepard's The Unseen Hand and Forensic and the Navigators in April 1970 had the Rounders play a set during the intermission with Shepard on drums. [66] In the same year, Shepard played a gig with them, after which he met soon-to-be lover Patti Smith for the first time. [67] [68] Smith, not yet a musician herself, was there as a journalist to review the Holy Modal Rounders' show. [50] [21]

Boston and Portland move

In Nashville, the band recorded their 1971 album Good Taste Is Timeless , which saw the band move away from the psychedelia of their past two albums. [69] [70] Not long before the album's recording, Robin Remaily joined the group as a multi-instrumentalist while bassist Dave Reisch replaced Annis in February 1971 after the album's recording. [71] Later in the year, the band relocated to Boston, Massachusetts, [39] where they added saxophonist Ted Deane and replaced McCarty with drummer Roger North (previously of Quill and inventor of North Drums). [32] During their time there, they also briefly played with Jeff "Skunk" Baxter. [72] [73] In 1972, Rounder Records, whose name was partially inspired by the group, wanted to record a Stampfel and Weber album. [32] Luke Faust and Remaily participated in the sessions that became the band's sixth album Alleged in Their Own Time but it mostly featured recordings of just Stampfel and Weber. [33] The album would not be released until 1975. [33]

Soon after the band's return from a three month tour of Europe which Stampfel did not participate in, Weber relocated the Holy Modal Rounders to Portland, Oregon in late 1972. [74] [39] Stampfel stayed behind in New York, effectively leaving the group. [32] In 1975, Jeffrey Frederick also moved to Portland where he utilized the Rounders minus Weber as his backing band the Clamtones. [75] The band continued to play with Weber as the Holy Modal Rounders. [32] A retrospective live album of the Portland Rounders from a 1976 radio show was released as Steve Weber and the Holy Modal Rounders, B.C. in 2006 by Frederick Productions. [76]

In 1975, Dave Reisch helped Stampfel (without Weber) form the Unholy Modal Rounders. [45] [33] The band featured Stampfel on fiddle, Paul Presti on lead guitar, Charlie Messing on rhythm guitar, Kirby Pines on bass, and occasionally Jeff Berman on drums. [77] The group joined Michael Hurley, Jeffrey Frederick, and the Clamtones in the studio to record the collaborative 1976 album Have Moicy! , [78] but because they were newly formed at the time, only Stampfel and Presti went to the studio to represent the Unholy Modal Rounders. [45] Rock critic Robert Christgau was an early fan of Have Moicy! and ranked it his favorite album of the year for his ballot in the annual Pazz & Jop poll. [79] Richie Unterberger noted in 1998 that Have Moicy! was "one of the most critically acclaimed folk records of the last 25 years." [26] The Unholy Modal Rounders would break up in 1977 with only the collaborative album to their name, but their final live performance together would be retrospectively released by Don Giovanni Records in 2024 as Unholier Than Thou: 7/7/77. [77]

In 1977, when the Holy Modal Rounders visited the East Coast for a funeral, Stampfel reunited with them and recorded Last Round , which was released in 1978. [32] Also in 1978, the Portland incarnation of the Rounders broke up, [80] but they continued to live in the Portland area and reunited annually. [32] [39] In 1979, Stampfel and Weber reunited when Weber visited the East Coast. [45] [81] They recorded Going Nowhere Fast , their first album as a twosome in over 15 years, which was released in 1981. [82]

1982–2003: Later activity and reunions

Weber (left) and Stampfel (right) perform a reunion gig in the early 2000s Steve Weber and Peter Stampfel.jpg
Weber (left) and Stampfel (right) perform a reunion gig in the early 2000s

During the Rounders' time in Portland, Stampfel took a day job at his wife Betsy Wollheim's publishing company DAW Books in 1981. [83] [84] He continued to stay active musically during this time, however, most notably forming the Bottlecaps, who would release three albums. [84] In 1998, Stampfel won a Grammy Award for writing part of the liner notes for the CD reissue of the Anthology of American Folk Music . [85]

In the mid-1990s, Weber left Portland and returned to his native Pennsylvania after years of substance abuse issues. [4] [86] With Weber back on the East Coast, Stampfel and Weber reunited in 1996 at the Bottom Line, which began a series of reunions for the duo. [4] They then released Too Much Fun! , with contributions from Dave Reisch and guest slide guitarist Don Rooke, under the Rounders name in 1999. [33]

In 2003, the duo intended to reunite for a 40th anniversary show but Weber unexpectedly did not show up. [4] This was captured in the 2006 documentary film The Holy Modal Rounders: Bound to Lose, which was directed and produced by Paul Lovelace and Sam Douglas. [5] Weber later explained that he did not show up because he felt misrepresented by the filmmakers and was disappointed at the lack of attention directed to the band's days in Portland. [4] [39] Bound to Lose, shot primarily between 2000 and 2003, [87] included appearances from fellow musicians Dave Van Ronk, Peter Tork, John Sebastian, Loudon Wainwright III, John Cohen, Ed Sanders, Tuli Kupferberg, Ira Kaplan and Sam Shepard.

Steve Weber died on February 7, 2020, aged 76, in Mount Clare, West Virginia. [4] Stampfel noted after Weber's death that he hadn't seen Weber since 2002 and they had last corresponded via email in 2003 when they were arranging the 40th anniversary show. [88]

While Sam Shepard was still a drummer for the band, the Holy Modal Rounders played a brief set on season 2, episode 5 of the sketch comedy television program Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In in 1968. [60] [89] Stampfel believes this is the only film of Shepard playing with the band. [50]

In 1969, the Holy Modal Rounders' "Bird Song" was included in Dennis Hopper's film Easy Rider and the movie's soundtrack. According to Stampfel, the song caught the attention of co-writer Peter Fonda who thought it would be perfect for the movie. [12] However, it has also been reported that it was Hopper who first heard the song. [4] The soundtrack charted at number 6 on the Billboard Top Ten and went gold. [57] [90]

In early 1974, the Rounders' version of "Boobs A Lot" bubbled under Billboard's Hot 100 at 103. [91] Sales were driven by a number of radio shows playing the song, [92] including Dr. Demento's. [10] [80] From 1971 to 2022, Demento played it 167 times. [93] "Boobs a Lot" was also featured on Demento's compilation album Dr. Demento's Delights in 1975. [94]

Legacy

Cult status

Much has been made of the band's legacy as a cult act. Rolling Stone magazine dubbed the Holy Modal Rounders "one of rock's greatest cult bands." [95] The Seattle Times said "in the subculture of obscure music groups, the Rounders may be in a class of their own for deficiency of fame as well as longevity. For more than 40 years, this freakadelic folk-rock band... had lasting influence on fans wild and crazy enough to be in on the acquired-taste secret of their art." [96] For the band's retrospective compilation I Make a Wish for a Potato , John Swenson reflected that the Rounders "resolutely pursued their eccentric muses despite an almost complete lack of interest from the general public." [97] While nevertheless praising the Rounders' early work, The Mojo Collection: The Greatest Albums of All Time opinioned "that the band ever got to make a [debut] album is remarkable; that there was a second later that year [sic] smacks of complete madness on the part of their record label." [14] Writing for AllMusic, Richie Unterberger called the band "almost the very definition of a cult act... Their audience was small because their music was too strange, idiosyncratic, and at times downright dissonant for mainstream listeners to abide." [1]

The band's frequent drug use as well as Stampfel and Weber's creative differences also hindered a breakthrough. Peter Stampfel reflected that "there was just too much drugs, alcohol, and bad attitude in the band" to "capitalize on our positive aspects." [32] After observing Stampfel and Weber's interactions during the filming of the documentary Bound to Lose, Paul Lovelace said "they really are like an old married couple. They love each other to death at times, but they also just can't stand being around each other at times." [5] NPR noted that the band exhibited "self-destructive behavior" that led to an early breakup and an inability to capitalize on the inclusion of "Bird Song" on Easy Rider's commercially successful soundtrack. [5] Dave Van Ronk thought similarly: "that was their moment right there. If they had been able to capitalize on [Easy Rider], they would have been two very very wealthy men. But somehow or another it just didn't happen." [98] In the early 2000s, the band's former road manager Jack Gallagher recalled that "managing them was like herding snakes" but put the band's lack of success more squarely on Weber, questioning whether Weber would even complete the band's current tour and saying that Weber "never crashes until the money gets real good." [99]

Critical analysis

Despite the band's limited critical and commercial success during their initial run in the 1960s and 1970s, they have since earned significant praise, in particular for their groundbreaking reworking of early 20th century American folk music. Music journalist Greil Marcus used the Holy Modal Rounders as the earliest example of old-time music being reinvented with modern aesthetics, commenting that they were "incapable of taking anything seriously, but nevertheless [got] to the bottom of folk songs other people sang as if they were obvious." [100] The band has frequently been lumped into what Marcus coined as "old weird America," [80] [95] [101] which refers to the type of music collected on Anthology of American Folk Music. Michael Simmons also noted the band's trail-blazing aesthetics, saying that "the story of the Rounders is one of the grand secret histories of 20th-century American music. If music history is often a game of Who Came First?, then the Rounders can be said to be the first psychedelic hippie freak band and the first aggressively anti-purist folkies, making them a crucial missing link between early- and late-20th-century pop." [11] The band's first two albums have been called early forerunners of the genre freak folk, [102] [103] with music critic Robert Christgau, while reviewing the 1999 reissue that combined the albums, declaring that "freak folk started here." [34] In 1983, The New Rolling Stone Record Guide called Stampfel and Weber the "cocreators and lone practitioners of the genre known as acid folk." [2] The band's two psychedelic albums are also of historical significance, with The New York Times saying that they "still stand as extreme examples of acid-tinged folk music." [4]

Both Stampfel and Weber have been singled out for praise when reviewers discuss the Rounders' legacy. Music critic Eric Weisbard, writing for Spin in 1999, declared that "Stampfel has become to roots music what Jon Langford is to punk: the patron saint of lost causes and good times in spite of them." [104] Robert Christgau had similar high praise, believing that the Holy Modal Rounders, like Bob Dylan, "greatly transcend" the New York folk scene they began in and that "next to Bob Dylan, Stampfel is the closest thing to a genius" to come out of the 1960s folk revival. [20] Christgau also praised Weber, calling him an "ace guitarist" who "can just not give a fuck while remaining both charming and musical." [34] Jason Weiss observed that "from the start, [Weber] was recognized for his technique and divine spontaneity he brought to old-time music." [39] The New York Times also noted Weber's "mastery of traditional guitar styles." [4]

Influence and tributes

While Stampfel was dismissive of the Holy Modal Rounders' influence in the late 1990s, calling it "practically nonexistent" outside of the Portland music scene, [9] others have disagreed. Writing for New Haven Independent, Eleanor Polak discussed how the band had not just had significant influence, but that they had also inspired "countless other musicians to take deep dives into American folk music to find the dark and weird within." [105] In 1999, Dave Van Ronk reflected: "they were hugely influential in New York and on college campuses around the country. Those albums were played in dorms from coast to coast." [9] Ben Sisario similarly wrote that the band's music has served as inspiration to "generations of underground musicians." [4] Jeffrey Lewis has cited the band as an influence for his brand of anti-folk. [106] NPR mentioned Yo La Tengo and Espers as newer bands influenced by the group. [5] The Anniversary named the Rounders as an influence on their 2002 album Your Majesty . [107] Space Needle named their 1997 studio album The Moray Eels Eat the Space Needle in reference to the Rounders' 1968 album. [108]

Rounder Records was named partially as a tribute to the Holy Modal Rounders. [109] [9] The label would release several of the band's studio albums after its formation in 1970. In 2008, the Holy Modal Rounders were inducted into the Oregon Music Hall of Fame for their long stay in the state and their influence on the Portland music scene. [80] [110]

Band members

Intervals for Tyler, Remaily, Deane, Reisch, North, and Shepard are included in the documentary The Holy Modal Rounders: Bound to Lose. The list below is adapted from the list the film provides during the credits. [111]

Discography

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ESP-Disk is a New York–based record company and label founded in 1963 by lawyer Bernard Stollman.

Clamtones was an American folk rock group, and Jeffrey Frederick's most notable band. The best-known incarnation of the band formed in 1975 when Frederick and Jill Gross moved to Portland, Oregon and began playing with the backing band of the Holy Modal Rounders. Although the Clamtones only recorded one studio album, they were a popular act in the Portland music scene. They were inducted into the Oregon Music Hall of Fame in 2011, with the organization noting that the Clamtones "developed a reputation for being 'one of the best bar bands in the country.'"

Luke Faust is an American folk musician, best known as a member of the Insect Trust.

<i>Have Moicy!</i> 1976 collaborative album by multiple musicians

Have Moicy! is a collaborative studio album by Michael Hurley, the Unholy Modal Rounders and Jeffrey Frederick & the Clamtones. It was released on January 1, 1976 by Rounder Records. In 2011, Light in the Attic Records reissued Have Moicy! on vinyl. Although nominally credited to three different groups, the music is performed by an overlapping cast of musicians, with Hurley, Frederick, and Peter Stampfel alternating lead vocals with one track sung by Paul Presti.

<i>The Fugs First Album</i> 1965 studio album by the Fugs

The Fugs First Album is the 1965 debut album by American rock band the Fugs, described in their AllMusic profile as "arguably the first underground rock group of all time". In 1965, the album charted #142 on Billboard's "Top Pop Albums" chart. The album was originally released in 1965 as The Village Fugs Sing Ballads of Contemporary Protest, Point of Views, and General Dissatisfaction on Folkways Records before the band signed up with ESP-Disk, who released the album under its own label with a new name in 1966. The album was re-released in 1993 on CD with an additional 11 tracks.

<i>It Crawled into My Hand, Honest</i> 1968 studio album by The Fugs

It Crawled into My Hand, Honest is the fifth studio album by The Fugs, a band composed of anti-war poets. It was released in the US by record company Reprise.

<i>Fugs 4, Rounders Score</i> Album by The Fugs

Fugs 4, Rounders Score is a 1975 compilation album of material by The Fugs and The Holy Modal Rounders, including seven previously unreleased performances from the Fugs' first recording session, when the Rounders were members of the Fugs' band. The title is both a reference to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, and the fact that this is the fourth album of Fugs material released on ESP, as well as a pun on "score" as drug slang. Although all recordings were made under the umbrella of the Fugs, the 6 lead vocals by Stampfel and Weber on Side A allow the album to function as a Rounders compilation as well. There is a notable and unusual lack of lead vocalizing by Ed Sanders, the most prominent vocalist on all other Fugs albums.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Stampfel</span> American musician

Peter Stampfel is an American fiddle player, old-time musician, and singer-songwriter.

Bernard Stollman was an American lawyer and the founder of the ESP-Disk record label.

<i>Indian War Whoop</i> 1967 studio album by the Holy Modal Rounders

Indian War Whoop is the third studio album by the Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1967 through ESP-Disk. The album is the band's first with contributions outside of the original members Peter Stampfel and Steve Weber. The title track is a cover of an obscure song featured on Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music.

<i>The Moray Eels Eat The Holy Modal Rounders</i> 1968 studio album by The Holy Modal Rounders

The Moray Eels Eat the Holy Modal Rounders is the fourth studio album by the New York psychedelic folk band the Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1968 through Elektra Records. Although Peter Stampfel does not regard the album highly, it has received positive reviews and its opener, "Bird Song," was notably included in the 1969 film Easy Rider.

<i>The Holy Modal Rounders</i> (album) 1964 studio album by the Holy Modal Rounders

The Holy Modal Rounders is the debut album of the folk duo the Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1964 through Prestige Records, and produced by Sam Charters.

<i>Good Taste Is Timeless</i> Album by The Holy Modal Rounders

Good Taste Is Timeless is the fifth studio album by the psychedelic folk band the Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1971 through Metromedia Records.

<i>Going Nowhere Fast</i> 1981 studio album by Stampfel & Weber

Going Nowhere Fast is a studio album by the American band the Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1981 through Rounder Records. It was recorded as a duo and credited as Stampfel & Weber.

<i>Bird Song: Live 1971</i> 2004 live album by The Holy Modal Rounders

Bird Song: Live 1971 is a live album by the psychedelic folk band The Holy Modal Rounders, released on April 20, 2004, through Water Records.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Down Hill Strugglers</span> American band

The Down Hill Strugglers, previously known as the Dust Busters, is an American old-time string band trio from Brooklyn, New York. Formed in 2008, the band has been influenced by the music of rural America, including Appalachian traditions, music from the Deep South, and the Western States. The band was originally made up of Craig Judelman, Eli Smith, and Walker Shepard. In 2012, Craig Judelman left the Dust Busters and was replaced by multi-instrumentalist Jackson Lynch. At the same time, the band changed its name to the Down Hill Strugglers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steve Weber</span> American folk musician (1943–2020)

Steven P. Weber was an American folk singer-songwriter and guitarist.

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