Timeline of therizinosaur research

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Reconstructed skeleton of the therizinosaurs Falcarius utahensis and Nothronychus graffami Nothronychus graffami and Falcarius utahensis - Natural History Museum of Utah - DSC07207.JPG
Reconstructed skeleton of the therizinosaurs Falcarius utahensis and Nothronychus graffami

The timeline of therizinosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on therizinosaurs. They were unusually long-necked, pot-bellied, and large-clawed herbivorous theropods most closely related to birds. The early history of therizinosaur research occurred in three phases. The first phase was the discovery of scanty and puzzling fossils in Asia by the Central Asiatic Expeditions of the 1920s and Soviet-backed research in the 1950s. This phase resulted in the discovery of the Therizinosaurus cheloniformis type specimen. Soviet paleontologist Evgeny Maleev interpreted these unusual remains as belonging to some kind of gigantic turtle.

Contents

The second major phase of therizinosaur research followed the discovery of better preserved remains in the 1970s by collaborative research between the Soviets and Mongolians. These finds revealed the true nature of therizinosaurs as bizarre dinosaurs. However, the exact nature and classification of therizinosaurs within Dinosauria was controversial as was their paleobiology. When Rozhdestventsky first reinterpreted therizinosaurs as dinosaurs he argued that they were unusual theropods that may have used their clawed arms to break open termite mounds or collect fruit. Osmolska and Roniewicz also considered therizinosaurs to be theropods.

In 1979, Altangerel Perle named the new species Segnosaurus galbinensis , which although he recognized was an unusual theropod, he did not recognize as a therizinosaur. Consequently, he named the new family Segnosauridae and, in 1980, Segnosauria. Two years later, Perle recognized commonalities between Therizinosaurus and segnosaurs, reclassifying the former as a member of the latter. From hereout therizinosaur research was considered "segnosaur" research. Perle himself thought that his "segnosaurs" were semi-aquatic fish-eaters. However, in the early 1990s, researchers like Rinchen Barsbold and Teresa Maryańska cast doubt on the connection between therizinosaurs and segnosaurs altogether.

Nevertheless, the description Alxasaurus elsitaiensis provided more evidence for a close relationship between the therizinosaurs and "segnosaurs" and led to a revision of their classification. The discovery of this and other primitive therizinosaurs in China formed the beginnings of the third major wave of therizinosaur research. That same year Russell and Russell reinterpreted therizinosaurs as herbivorous foragers like mammalian chalicotherium. Other significant finds of the 1990s include therizinosaur eggs with embryos preserved inside and the first known therizinosaur with feathers, Beipiaosaurus , which was described from China in 1999.

20th century

1950s

Holotype claw cast of Therizinosaurus Therizinosaurus clawcast aus.jpg
Holotype claw cast of Therizinosaurus

1954

1960s

1964

1970s

Referred arms to Therizinosaurus by Barsbold Therizinosaurus.jpg
Referred arms to Therizinosaurus by Barsbold

1970

1976

Segnosaurus holotype pelvis and metatarsus Segnosaurus holotype.png
Segnosaurus holotype pelvis and metatarsus

1979

1980s

Erlikosaurus holotype skull and feet Erlikosaurus skull and foot.jpg
Erlikosaurus holotype skull and feet
Enigmosaurus holotype pelvis Enigmosaurus.jpg
Enigmosaurus holotype pelvis
Claws initially identified as Alectrosaurus AMNH 6368 Therizinosaur.png
Claws initially identified as Alectrosaurus
Prosauropod-like restoration of Erlikosaurus Erlikosaurus.jpg
Prosauropod-like restoration of Erlikosaurus

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1986

1989

1990s

1990

1992

Skeletal composite of Alxasaurus specimens Alxasaurus elesitaiensis.jpg
Skeletal composite of Alxasaurus specimens

1993

Erlikosaurus skull scheme Schematic Erlikosaurus skull.png
Erlikosaurus skull scheme

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Left arm feather impressions from the Beipiaosaurus holotype Beipiaosaurus-Paleozoological Museum of China.jpg
Left arm feather impressions from the Beipiaosaurus holotype

1999

21st century

2000s

2000

Holotype elements from N. mckinleyi Nothronychus mckinleyi.jpg
Holotype elements from N. mckinleyi
Holotype dentary of Eshanosaurus Eshanosaurus.png
Holotype dentary of Eshanosaurus
Holotype braincase of N. mckinleyi Nothronychus braincase.png
Holotype braincase of N. mckinleyi
Pectoral girdle of Falcarius Falcarius chest region salt lake city.jpg
Pectoral girdle of Falcarius

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Embryonic therizinosaurid based on Nanchao embryos THERIZINOSAURUS.jpg
Embryonic therizinosaurid based on Nanchao embryos

2008

2009

2010s

Skeletal composite of therizinosaurs (not to scale) Therizinosaur skeletons.jpg
Skeletal composite of therizinosaurs (not to scale)

2010

2011

Reconstructed brain of Erlikosaurus Erlikosaurus cranial endocast.png
Reconstructed brain of Erlikosaurus
Skeletal restoration of Jianchangosaurus Jianchangosaurus.png
Skeletal restoration of Jianchangosaurus
Highlighted remains of N. mckinleyi and N. graffami Nothronychus sp. skeletal reconstruction.png
Highlighted remains of N. mckinleyi and N. graffami
Segnosaurus holotype mandible in lateral and inner views Segnosaurus hemimandible.jpg
Segnosaurus holotype mandible in lateral and inner views

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Reconstructed brain of N. mckinleyi Nothronychus mckinleyi basicranial soft tissues.png
Reconstructed brain of N. mckinleyi

2018

2019

Lingyuanosaurus hand unguals Lingyuanosaurus manual unguals.png
Lingyuanosaurus hand unguals

2020s

2020

2021

Fukuivenator restored as a primitive therizinosaur Fukuivenator (Therizinosauria).png
Fukuivenator restored as a primitive therizinosaur

2022

Life reconstruction of Paralitherizinosaurus Paralitherizinosaurus Restoration.png
Life reconstruction of Paralitherizinosaurus

2023

See also

References

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