This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2022) |
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | September 10,1999 |
Dissipated | September 17,1999 |
Severe tropical storm | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 100 km/h (65 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 980 hPa (mbar);28.94 inHg |
Category 1-equivalent typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 130 km/h (80 mph) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 35 total |
Damage | $34 million (1999 USD) |
Areas affected | Hong Kong,Portuguese Macau,South China,Philippines |
Part of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season |
Severe Tropical Storm York (or Typhoon York), [1] also known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Neneng,was a tropical cyclone that formed in September 1999. It brought severe impacts to the Philippines and southeastern China,causing 35 deaths. York is considered the worst tropical cyclone to hit Hong Kong since 1983. York was first noted as a tropical disturbance over the Philippine Sea on September 9,1999,and became a tropical depression three days later on September 12. Initially,the intensity of the system was that of a weak tropical depression;however,it formed a new center while in the northern South China Sea west of Luzon soon after. York intensified into a tropical storm on September 13 and its track was erratic and remained stationary for a while,until it landfalled near Hong Kong as a minimal typhoon on September 16. [1] York then weakened to a tropical storm and quickly degenerated into a remnant area of low pressure soon after on the following day.
York generated heavy rainfall and flooding when it crossed over the Philippines,which claimed the lives of 18 people. York is particularly noted for leading to the Hong Kong Observatory issuing the highest No. 10 warning for the first time since 1983 as well as killing two people in Hong Kong when it passed near the city. A cargo ship reportedly sunk,18,000 homes lost power in the wake of the storm and 4,000 trees were uprooted in Hong Kong. In Macau,one person was injured and 120 incidents related to the storm were reported. In the Chinese province of Guangdong,fifteen people lost their lives and from the heavy rainfall. Overall,total damages were estimated to be at least $34 million (USD).
On September 5, 1999, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring an area of convection southeast of Guam. [2] Slow development for the low pressure area ensued over the next few days as it steadily headed west. The low pressure area slowly developed, however the organization of the wave was insufficient to be considered a tropical cyclone until September 10, when the JTWC issued a formation alert at 0300 UTC. [3] PAGASA was first to upgrade the invest to a tropical depression and gave the storm the name of Neneng, [4] with JTWC soon following suit and initiating warnings on the tropical depression. The depression did not initially significantly intensify due to land interaction with Luzon. However, good outflow was present in the depression, and deep convection began to wrap around the center. [2]
The depression relocated to the west of Luzon on September 12. The former convection quickly dissipated and was absorbed by the new circulation center. Upper-level outflow, benefited by minimal vertical shear then became favourable. The depression subsequently reconsolidated and intensified into a tropical storm, receiving the name York. [2] [3] York's track was relatively erratic, [5] and it remained nearly stationary on September 13, with the slow movement due to the weakening of a mid-level ridge over southern China. [6] Several circulation centers were present at the time. [2]
York began to move on a northwesterly course guided by a strengthening yet weak subtropical ridge over southern China on September 14. However, the movement of York was slow and once almost stationary due to a weak steering flow. [2] [6] On other hand, conditions were relatively conducive at the time, allowing gradual and steady intensification of York. Both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) assessed it as a severe tropical storm. [5] [7]
York once again briefly stalled on September 15. [5] However, it continued to strengthen with a broad, ragged eye developing. [2] Consequently, the JTWC upgraded York to a typhoon at noon UTC, with the HKO following suit later with support of ground observations. [3] [5] The JMA, however, never recognized it as a typhoon. [7] The ridge re-strengthened which caused York to move west-northwesterly as it headed near Hong Kong. Pressure at Waglan Island reached 971 hPa (28.7 inHg) around 0000 UTC on September 16. [5] Maximum sustained winds of York peaked at 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph; 70 kn). [3] [2] Ultimately, York passed near Lantau Island of Hong Kong and eventually made landfall in Zhuhai. Once over land, York deteriorated rapidly and dissipated into a low pressure area over China the next day.
As the developing depression crossed the Philippines, it brought heavy showers of up to 400 mm (16 in), which caused some flooding in the Cagayan Valley. [8] Eighteen people were killed in landslides in northern Luzon.
Upon making landfall at west of Hong Kong, winds gusted to 234 km/h (145 mph) at Waglan Island with 10-minute sustained winds of 169 km/h (105 mph) recorded. Sustained hurricane-force winds were also recorded in Cheung Chau and Sai Kung, with storm-force sustained winds also recorded in Tsing Yi, North Point and Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier, making York one of the strongest storms to affect Hong Kong after World War II, with impacts rivaling Typhoon Wanda of 1962 and Typhoon Mangkhut of 2018. [9] Overall in Hong Kong, strong storm to hurricane-force winds were recorded. Both the HKO and Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) issued the No.10 hurricane signal, which lasted 11 and 8.5 hours respectively, both post-WWII records in terms of length.
In Hong Kong, a man was found dead in Cheung Chau 64 hours after being swept away by waves. Another man was killed by debris blown by high winds in Tseung Kwan O. Injuries reached to 500 in the city in which 11 were severely injured, making York the storm that led to most injuries in the city since World War II. In Wan Chai, more than 400 pieces of glass were blown off from several buildings. A tower crane collapsed and hit a nearby building in the same region, forcing 25 people to evacuate due to a suspected gas leak. 64 reported flooding cases were reported during York, with over 340 hectares of farmland flooded, forcing over 300 people to evacuate. A total of more than 800 signboards and more than 4,000 trees collapsed, with a large number of roads blocked by fallen trees, and tattered signboards seen everywhere on the streets. [10] Electrical shortages were reported in several places in Hong Kong, with water shortages also reported in Sai Kung and Cheung Chau. Transportation came to a halt with at least 470 flights delayed or cancelled due to bad weather, affecting 80 thousand passengers. Damages could total to as high as several billion Hong Kong dollars. [5]
In Macao, York led to violent winds, with sustained winds of 108 km/h (67 mph) and gusts as high as 181 km/h (112 mph) recorded in Taipa Grande. 120 incidents were reported during the storm, with a chimney collapsing in Zona Norte. [11] At least one injury was reported during the storm. Transportation came to a complete halt with schools, shops and most casinos temporarily closed. 30 flights were cancelled or delayed.
Throughout the affected areas, at least 15 deaths and 700 injuries were reported. Direct economic damages added up to 200 million RMD (US$30 million) in mainland China. [5] Zhuhai was particularly affected due to York landfalling at Xiangzhou District in the city, with a total of 71 people injuries that required hospital treatment reported in Zhuhai. School, work, and transport were suspended. Electricity shortages were recorded, which affected thousands of civilians. Billboards, windows, 900 trees, and 400 scaffolds were blown down by high winds. The direct economic losses in Zhuhai amounted to about 100 million RMD. [12]
The 2006 Pacific typhoon season was a near-average season which produced a total of 23 named storms, 15 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2006, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Chanchu, developed on May 9, while the season's last named storm, Trami, dissipated on December 20.
The 1999 Pacific typhoon season was the last Pacific typhoon season to use English names as storm names. It also featured the lowest number of typhoons on record, with only five reaching this intensity. This was mainly due to a strong La Niña which persisted from last year. The season was also below-average in named storms, with only 20 of such spawning. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1999, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The first named storm, Hilda, developed on January 6, while the last named storm, Gloria, dissipated on November 16.
The 1964 Pacific typhoon season was the most active tropical cyclone season recorded globally, with a total of 39 tropical storms forming. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1964, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Super Typhoon Kent, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gening, was a powerful Category 4-equivalent typhoon that formed in late August during the 1995 Pacific typhoon season.
Severe Tropical Storm Kammuri, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Julian, was a weak but deadly tropical storm which impacted the Philippines, China, Vietnam, and Hong Kong in August 2008. The ninth named storm of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season, Kammuri developed as a tropical depression on August 4 north of Luzon. The next day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, resulting in the Japan Meteorological Agency naming it Kammuri. The following day, Kammuri reached its peak intensity with sustained winds of 50 kn (93 km/h) before making landfall in Guangdong province, China. This would make Kammuri weaken into a tropical storm that evening, resulting in the JTWC issuing their last advisory on the system. Kammuri would later emerge in the Gulf of Tonkin the next day, making a second landfall over Guangxi province, China. After Kammuri made landfall, the JMA issued its final advisory on Kammuri.
Typhoon Nuri, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Karen, was the 12th named storm and the seventh typhoon that was recognised by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center recognised it as the 13th tropical depression, the 12th tropical storm and the 8th typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season. The name Nuri was submitted to the World Meteorological Organisation's Typhoon Committee by Malaysia in 2003 after the name Rusa was retired in 2002. The name Nuri is Malay for a blue crowned parroquet, a type of parrot. The name Karen was assigned by PAGASA to a tropical depression for the second time, the other time being in 2004 to Typhoon Rananim.
Typhoon Hagupit, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nina, was a powerful cyclone that caused widespread destruction along its path in September 2008. The 21st depression, 14 tropical storm and 10th typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season, Hagupit developed from a tropical wave located a couple hundred miles east of the Marshall Islands on September 14. Moving generally north-west westwards towards the Philippines, the depression gradually intensified into a tropical storm the following day, and then into became a typhoon on September 22 off the northern coast of Luzon. Located within an environment conducive for strengthening, Hagupit rapidly strengthened to attain 10-min sustained winds of 165 kilometres per hour and 1-min sustained winds of 230 kilometres per hour. After making landfall in Guangdong province in China at peak intensity on September 23, Hagupit rapidly weakened over rugged terrain and dissipated on the 25th.
Typhoon Vicente, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Ferdie, was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Chinese province of Guangdong since Hagupit in 2008, and was regarded as the strongest storm to affect Hong Kong and Macau in more than ten years. The eighth named storm and third typhoon of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season, Vicente began as a tropical depression on July 18, 2012 northeast of the Philippines. Vicente soon steadily moved into the South China Sea, and began to intensify above warm sea waters, and began explosive intensification early on July 23, and started to charge toward the Guangdong region prompting the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) to issue the Hurricane Signal, No. 10, the first since York in 1999. The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau also hoisted Signal No. 9 for the first time since York and after the transfer of sovereignty over Macau. Late on the same day, Vicente made landfall over Taishan in Guangdong, China.
Typhoon Ellen, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Herming, was considered the worst typhoon to hit China since 1979. Typhoon Ellen was first noted as a tropical disturbance east of the International Date Line on August 26, 1983, and became a tropical storm soon after crossing the dateline on the morning of August 29. Initially, strong wind shear inhibited development over the next five days, and the cyclone began to track south of west. On September 2, conditions aloft finally improved and the cyclone strengthened into a typhoon on September 4 as it tracked west-northwest. Approaching Luzon late on September 5, Ellen intensified rapidly into a strong typhoon with winds of 200 km/h (125 mph) before interaction with Luzon began to weaken the cyclone. Its final landfall was at Portuguese Macau on the morning of September 9 as a minimal typhoon. The next day, Ellen ceased to exist.
Typhoon Sally, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Maring, was an intense tropical cyclone that caused widespread damage across southeastern Asia, particularly in China, in September 1996. Forming well east of the Philippines on 5 September, Sally quickly intensified as it tracked westward within favorable conditions. The system reached tropical storm intensity several hours after tropical cyclogenesis was completed, and strengthened further into typhoon intensity the following day. On 7 September, Sally reached super typhoon status shortly before attaining its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) and a barometric pressure of 940 mbar. Quickly moving across the South China Sea, Sally substantially weakened but remained a strong typhoon before making its first landfall on the Leizhou Peninsula on 9 September. The tropical cyclone's trek brought it briefly over the Gulf of Tonkin before making a final landfall near the border of China and Vietnam. The typhoon rapidly deteriorated inland and dissipated later that day.
Typhoon Nancy, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Weling, was a destructive typhoon that moved through Vietnam and the Philippines during October 1982. The typhoon originated from an area of convection and was first classified as a tropical cyclone on October 10. The system attained gale-force winds the next day, and slowly deepened thereafter. Although Nancy initially moved west, the system maintained a general westward course for much of its duration, striking Luzon on October 14 at peak intensity of 215 km/h (130 mph). It weakened to tropical storm strength overland, but re-intensified to typhoon intensity over the South China Sea. Nancy hit northern Vietnam on the October 18, and weakened almost immediately thereafter, before dissipating on October 20 inland over Vietnam.
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Typhoon Dot was a strong tropical cyclone that made landfalls on Luzon and near Hong Kong in October 1964. It was the fifth typhoon to impact Hong Kong during the active 1964 Pacific typhoon season, and prompted the issuance of the No. 10 typhoon signal from the Royal Observatory in Hong Kong—the highest warning possible. The storm's precursor disturbance formed west of Pohnpei on October 3 and tracked towards the west, becoming a tropical storm by October 6. Gradually strengthening, Dot moved towards the west-northwest, northwest, and then curved west, leading to a landfall at typhoon intensity on Luzon on October 9. A freighter with 32 crewmembers went missing west of the island after passing through the typhoon and was never recovered.
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