Tyromyces

Last updated

Tyromyces
Tyromyces chioneus 2 G6.jpg
Tyromyces chioneus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Polyporaceae
Genus: Tyromyces
P.Karst. (1881)
Type species
Tyromyces chioneus
(Fr.) P.Karst. (1881)

Tyromyces is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881. [1] The type species is the widely distributed Tyromyces chioneus , commonly known as the white cheese polypore. [2] The phylogenetic position of Tyromyces within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade". [3] Tyromyces is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores." [4]

Contents

The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words τυρός ("cheese") and μύχης (fungus"). [5]

Description

Tyromyces fungi have fruit bodies that are pileate (i.e., with a cap) to resupinate (crust-like). Fruit bodies are short-lived, and often mostly white, but turning a darker colour when dry. The colour of the pore surface is usually white to cream, sometime with greenish tinges. Like the cap surface, it darkens when dry. [6]

Microscopic characteristics

The hyphal system is either monomitic (meaning the fungus contains only generative hyphae, which in this case have clamps) or dimitic, containing both generative and skeletal hyphae. The spores are smooth, thin-walled, and hyaline (translucent). They are allantoid (long with rounded ends) to ovoid (egg-shaped), and are non-reactive with Melzer's reagent. There are no cystidia in the hymenium, although there may be cystidioles (sterile cells of about the same diameter and shape as an immature basidium that protrude beyond the surface of the hymenium). [6]

Tyromyces are white rot fungi with a cosmopolitan distribution. [6]

Species

As of September 2016, Index Fungorum accepts 119 species of Tyromyces. [7]

T. galactinus White Cheese Polypore (1023972326).jpg
T. galactinus
T. kmetii TyromycesKmetii.JPG
T. kmetii
T. leucospongia Oligoporus leucospongia 155253.jpg
T. leucospongia
T. pulcherrimus Tyromyces pulcherrimus 216958.jpg
T. pulcherrimus

Related Research Articles

<i>Junghuhnia</i> Genus of fungi

Junghuhnia is a genus of crust fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1842. The generic name honours German-Dutch botanist Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyporaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills or gill-like structures. Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.

<i>Perenniporia</i> Genus of fungi

Perenniporia is a cosmopolitan genus of bracket-forming or crust-like polypores in the family Polyporaceae. They are dimitic or trimitic with smooth, thick-walled basidiospores and cause a white rot in affected wood.

<i>Daedaleopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Daedaleopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The name Daedaleopsis is a reference to Daedalus, the labyrinth-maker of myth. Similarly, the maze-like pattern of pores is taxonomically described as being daedaloid. DNA was recovered and sequenced from fragments of a nearly 7000-year-old fruit body of D. tricolor found in an early Neolithic village in Rome.

<i>Fomitopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Fomitopsis is a genus of more than 40 species of bracket fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.

<i>Postia</i> Genus of fungi

Postia is a genus of brown rot fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.

<i>Gloeoporus</i> Genus of fungi

Gloeoporus is a genus of crust fungi in the family Irpicaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution.

<i>Ceriporiopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Ceriporiopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. The genus is widely distributed, and, according to a 2008 estimate, contains about 25 species. Ceriporiopsis was circumscribed in 1963 by Polish mycologist Stanislaw Domanski. The genus is a wastebasket taxon, containing "species that share common macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, but are not necessarily related." Ceriporiopsis species are crust fungi that cause a white rot. They have a monomitic hyphal system, containing only generative hyphae, and these hyphae have clamp connections.

<i>Ceriporia</i> Genus of fungi

Ceriporia is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.

<i>Antrodiella</i> Genus of fungi

Antrodiella is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.

<i>Amauroderma</i> Genus of fungi

Amauroderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae. The genus, widespread in tropical areas, contains about 70 species. Amauroderma fungi are wood-decay fungi that feed and fruit on decayed branches and trunks.

<i>Flaviporus</i> Genus of fungi

Flaviporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.

<i>Irpex</i> Genus of fungi

Irpex is a genus of corticioid fungi in the order Polyporales. Species produce fruit bodies that grow as a crust on the surface of dead hardwoods. The crust features an irpicioid spore-bearing surface, meaning it has irregular and flattened teeth. Irpex is distinguished from the similar genera Junghuhnia and Steccherinum by the simple septa found in the generative hyphae.

<i>Coriolopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Coriolopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. The genus is cosmopolitan, with most species in tropical areas. The generic name combines the name Coriolus with the Ancient Greek word ὄψις ("appearance").

<i>Dichomitus</i> Genus of fungi

Dichomitus is a genus of poroid crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by English mycologist Derek Reid in 1965.

<i>Diplomitoporus</i> Genus of fungi

Diplomitoporus is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The Dictionary of the Fungi estimated the widespread genus to contain 11 species; since then, the genus has grown with the additional of several newly described species, and some transfers from other genera. Diplomitoporus has been described as a wastebasket taxon, containing "species that share common macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, but are not necessarily related."

<i>Nigroporus</i> Genus of fungi

Nigroporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. Nigroporus has a pantropical distribution. The genus name combines the Latin word niger ("black") with the Ancient Greek word πόρος ("pore").

<i>Skeletocutis</i> Genus of fungi

Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. It causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates, and the fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.

<i>Anthoporia</i> Genus of fungi

Anthoporia is a fungal genus in the family Meripilaceae. It is a monotypic genus, circumscribed in 2016 to contain the single species Anthoporia albobrunnea.

References

  1. ↑ Karsten, P.A. (1881). "Enumeratio Boletinearum et Polyporearum Fennicarum, systemate novo dispositarum". Revue Mycologique Toulouse (in Latin). 3 (9): 16–19.
  2. ↑ Roody, W.R. (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. University Press of Kentucky. p. 388. ISBN   978-0-8131-2813-9.
  3. ↑ Binder, Manfred; Justo, Alfredo; Riley, Robert; Salamov, Asaf; Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Copeland, Alex; Foster, Brian; Sun, Hui; Larsson, Ellen; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Townsend, Jeffrey; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Hibbett, David S. (2013). "Phylogenetic and phylogenomic overview of the Polyporales". Mycologia. 105 (6): 1350–1373. doi:10.3852/13-003. PMID   23935031. S2CID   20812924.
  4. ↑ Miettinen, Otto; Rajchenberg, Mario (2012). "Obba and Sebipora, new polypore genera related to Cinereomyces and Gelatoporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)". Mycological Progress. 11 (1): 131–147. doi:10.1007/s11557-010-0736-8. hdl: 11336/194489 . S2CID   255315066.
  5. ↑ Donk, M.A. (1960). "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae". Persoonia. 1 (2): 173–302.
  6. 1 2 3 Ryvarden, Leif; Melo, Ireneia (2014). Poroid Fungi of Europe. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 31. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. p. 434. ISBN   978-8290724462.
  7. ↑ Kirk, P.M. "Species Fungorum (version 26th August 2016). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life" . Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  8. ↑ Quanten, E. (1997). "The polypores (Polyporaceae s.l.) of Papua New Guinea. A preliminary conspectus". Opera Botanica Belgica. 11: 1–352.
  9. ↑ Corner, E.J.H. (1989). Ad Polyporaceas V. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 96. p. 159.
  10. ↑ Ryvarden, Leif (2012). "Studies in Neotropical polypores 32". Synopsis Fungorum. 30: 33–43.
  11. 1 2 Christiansen, M.P. (1960). "Danish resupinate fungi. Part II. Homobasidiomycetes". Dansk Botanisk Arkiv. 19 (2): 359.
  12. ↑ Ryvarden, Leif (2012). "Type studies in Polyporaceae 27. Species described by P. Ch. Hennings" (PDF). Czech Mycology. 64 (1): 13–31. doi:10.33585/cmy.64103.
  13. ↑ Zhao, J.D.; Zhang, X.Q. (1983). "New species of genus Tyromyces from China". Acta Mycologica Sinica (in Chinese). 2: 18–25.
  14. 1 2 Bitew, A.; Ryvarden, L. (2004). "Two new Tyromyces species from Ethiopia". Synopsis Fungorum. 18: 80–82.
  15. 1 2 3 Mata, M.; Ryvarden, L. (2010). "Studies in neotropical polypores 27. More new and interesting species from Costa Rica". Synopsis Fungorum. 27: 59–72.
  16. ↑ Atkinson, G.F. (1908). "Notes on some new species of fungi from the United States". Annales Mycologici. 6: 54–62.
  17. ↑ Ipulet, P.; Ryvarden, L. (2005). "The genus Tyromyces in tropical Africa". Synopsis Fungorum. 20: 79–86.
  18. 1 2 Ryvarden, L. (2000). "Studies in neotropical polypores. 5. New and noteworthy species from Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands". Mycotaxon. 74 (1): 119–129.
  19. 1 2 3 Ryvarden, L; Guzmán, G. (2001). "Studies in neotropical polypores 12. New and noteworthy polypores from Mexico". Mycotaxon. 78: 245–256.
  20. ↑ Bondartseva, M.A. (1969). "Species novae Polyporacearum". Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii. 6: 142–146.
  21. ↑ Corner, E.J.H. (1992). "Additional resupinate non-xanthochroic polypores from Brazil and Malesia". Nova Hedwigia. 55: 119–152.
  22. ↑ Ryvarden, L. (1987). "New and noteworthy polypores from tropical America". Mycotaxon. 28 (2): 525–541.
  23. ↑ Núñez, Maria; Ryvarden, Leif (1999). "New and interesting polypores from Japan" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 3: 107–121.
  24. ↑ Cunningham, G.H. (1965). "Polyporaceae of New Zealand". Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Industrial Research. 164: 262.
  25. ↑ Ryvarden, L.; Hausknecht, A.; Krisai-Greilhuber, I. (2006). "Coltricia grandispora and Tyromyces vitellinus, two new polypores". Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde. 15: 143–147.
  26. ↑ Zhao, Chang-Lin; Liu, Shi-Liang; Ren, Guang-Juan; Ji, Xiao-Hong; He, Shuanghui (2017). "Three species of wood-decaying fungi in Polyporales new to China". Mycotaxon. 132 (1): 29–42. doi:10.5248/132.29.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.