Tyrosol

Last updated
Tyrosol
Tyrosol.svg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)phenol
Other names
p-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol
4-Hydroxyphenylethanol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.210 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C8H10O2/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7/h1-4,9-10H,5-6H2 Yes check.svgY
    Key: YCCILVSKPBXVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1S/C8H10O2/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7/h1-4,9-10H,5-6H2
  • InChI=1S/C8H10O2/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7/h1-4,9-10H,5-6H2
    Key: YCCILVSKPBXVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • Oc1ccc(cc1)CCO
Properties
C8H10O2
Molar mass 138.164 g/mol
Melting point 91 to 92 °C (196 to 198 °F; 364 to 365 K)
Boiling point 158 °C (316 °F; 431 K) at 4 Torr
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Tyrosol is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CH2CH2OH. Classified as a phenylethanoid, a derivative of phenethyl alcohol, it is found in a variety of natural sources. The compound is colorless solid. The principal source in the human diet is olive oil. [1] [2]

Contents

Research

As an antioxidant, tyrosol may protect cells against injury due to oxidation in vitro . [3] Although it is not as potent as other antioxidants present in olive oil (e.g., hydroxytyrosol), its higher concentration and good bioavailability indicate that it may have an important overall effect. [4]

Tyrosol may also be cardioprotective. Tyrosol-treated animals showed significant increase in the phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, and FOXO3a. [5] In addition, tyrosol also induced the expression of the protein SIRT1 in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat MI model. [6]

Tyrosol forms esters with a variety of organic acids. [7] For example, oleocanthal is the elenolic acid ester of tyrosol.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Charoenprasert, Suthawan; Mitchell, Alyson (2012). "Factors Influencing Phenolic Compounds in Table Olives (Olea europaea)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60 (29): 7081–7095. doi:10.1021/jf3017699. PMID   22720792.
  2. ↑ Karković Marković, Ana; Torić, Jelena; Barbarić, Monika; Jakobušić Brala, Cvijeta (2019). "Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health". Molecules. 24 (10): 2001. doi: 10.3390/molecules24102001 . PMC   6571782 . PMID   31137753.
  3. ↑ Giovannini C, Straface E, Modesti D, Coni E, Cantafora A, De Vincenzi M, Malorni W, Masella R (1999). "Tyrosol, the major olive oil biophenol, protects against oxidized-LDL-induced injury in Caco-2 cells". J. Nutr. 129 (7): 1269–1277. doi: 10.1093/jn/129.7.1269 . PMID   10395586.
  4. ↑ Miró-Casas E, Covas M, Fitó M, Farré-Albadalejo M, Marrugat J, de la Torre R (2003). "Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are absorbed from moderate and sustained doses of virgin olive oil in humans". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 57 (1): 186–190. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601532 . PMID   12548315.
  5. ↑ Samuel SM, Thirunavukkarasu M, Penumathsa SV, Paul D, Maulik N (2008). "Akt/FOXO3a/SIRT1-Mediated Cardioprotection by n-Tyrosol against Ischemic Stress in Rat in Vivo Model of Myocardial Infarction: Switching Gears toward Survival and Longevity". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry . 56 (20): 9692–8. doi:10.1021/jf802050h. PMC   2648870 . PMID   18826227.
  6. ↑ Samuel, Samson Mathews; Thirunavukkarasu, Mahesh; Penumathsa, Suresh Varma; Paul, Debayon; Maulik, Nilanjana (2008-10-22). "Akt/FOXO3a/SIRT1-mediated cardioprotection by n-tyrosol against ischemic stress in rat in vivo model of myocardial infarction: switching gears toward survival and longevity". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (20): 9692–9698. doi:10.1021/jf802050h. ISSN   1520-5118. PMC   2648870 . PMID   18826227.
  7. ↑ Lucas, Ricardo; Comelles, Francisco; AlcáNtara, David; Maldonado, Olivia S.; Curcuroze, Melanie; Parra, Jose L.; Morales, Juan C. (2010). "Surface-Active Properties of Lipophilic Antioxidants Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Fatty Acid Esters: A Potential Explanation for the Nonlinear Hypothesis of the Antioxidant Activity in Oil-in-Water Emulsions". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58 (13): 8021–8026. doi:10.1021/jf1009928. PMID   20524658.
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