U Camelopardalis

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U Camelopardalis
U Camelopardalis.jpeg
U Camelopardalis is a bright star surrounded by a tenuous shell of gas. Its atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen.
Observation data
Epoch J2000        Equinox J2000
Constellation Camelopardalis
Right ascension 03h 41m 48.17393s [1]
Declination +62° 38′ 54.3906″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)7.55 [2]
Characteristics
Spectral type C-N55.5 (MS4) [3]
U−B color index +3.50 [2]
B−V color index +1.95 [2]
Variable type SRb [4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-3.00 [5]  km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: 3.50 [1]   mas/yr
Dec.: -3.62 [1]   mas/yr
Parallax (π)1.03 ± 0.59  mas [1]
Distance 530 [6]   pc
Absolute magnitude  (MV)−2.4 (max) [7]
Details
Luminosity 8,472 [8]   L☉
Temperature 3,000 [9]   K
Other designations
U Cam, BD+62° 596, HD 22611, HIP 17257, SAO 12870, GC 4371
Database references
SIMBAD data

U Camelopardalis is a semiregular variable star in the constellation Camelopardalis. Based on parallax measurements made by the Hipparcos spacecraft, it is located about 3,000 light-years (1,000 parsecs) away from the Earth. [1] Its apparent visual magnitude is about 8, which is dim enough that it cannot be seen with the unaided eye.

The spectral type of U Camelopardalis in the revised MK system is C-N5, which indicates a classical carbon star spectrum approximately corresponding to late K or early M. [10] The C2 index is 5.5 which is typical of a C-N star. [11] It is also given an alternative spectral type of MS4, indicating a star similar to an M4 class but with somewhat enhanced ZrO bands. [3] The spectral type may vary between C3,9 and C6,4e. [4]

A visual band light curve for U Camelopardalis, plotted from AAVSO data UCamLightCurve.png
A visual band light curve for U Camelopardalis, plotted from AAVSO data

In 1891, Williamina Fleming announced that the star (then known as DM +62°.596) is a variable star, based on 13 photographs taken in 1890 and 1891. [13] It was listed with its variable star designation, U Camelopardalis, in Annie Jump Cannon's 1907 work Second Catalog of Variable Stars. [14] U Camelopardalis is a carbon star. These types of stars have greater levels of carbon in their atmospheres than oxygen, which means they form carbon compounds that make the star appear strikingly red. U Camelopardalis is nearly 4 magnitudes fainter at blue wavelengths than in the centre of the visual range. In the infrared K band it has an apparent magnitude of 0.37. [15] Its brightness varies without a dominant period and it is classified as semi-regular, although a period of 400 days has been published. [15] In the V photometric band the brightness varies by around half a magnitude, [16] but the amplitude is nearly two magnitudes at blue wavelengths. [4] The maximum visual magnitude has been given as 7.2. [7]

The shell of gas surrounding U Camelopardalis was imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2012, showing a nearly perfect sphere of gas surrounding the star. [17]

U Cameloparadlis has a 10th magnitude companion 308" away. It is a B8 main sequence star, hotter but less luminous than U Cam itself. They are not thought to be physically associated. [7]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv: 0708.1752 . Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID   18759600.
  2. 1 2 3 Nicolet, B. (1978). "Catalogue of homogeneous data in the UBV photoelectric photometric system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 34: 1–49. Bibcode:1978A&AS...34....1N.
  3. 1 2 Barnbaum, Cecilia; Stone, Remington P. S.; Keenan, Philip C. (1996). "A Moderate-Resolution Spectral Atlas of Carbon Stars: R, J, N, CH, and Barium Stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 105: 419. Bibcode:1996ApJS..105..419B. doi:10.1086/192323.
  4. 1 2 3 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  5. ↑ Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv: 1606.08053 . Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID   119231169.
  6. ↑ Guandalini, R.; Busso, M.; Ciprini, S.; Silvestro, G.; Persi, P. (2006). "Infrared photometry and evolution of mass-losing AGB stars. I. Carbon stars revisited". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 445 (3): 1069–1080. arXiv: astro-ph/0509739 . Bibcode:2006A&A...445.1069G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053208. S2CID   16797565.
  7. 1 2 3 Olson, B. I.; Richer, H. B. (1975). "The absolute magnitudes of carbon stars - Carbon stars in binary systems". Astrophysical Journal. 200: 88. Bibcode:1975ApJ...200...88O. doi: 10.1086/153763 .
  8. ↑ Bergeat, J.; Chevallier, L. (2005). "The mass loss of C-rich giants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 429: 235–246. arXiv: astro-ph/0601366 . Bibcode:2005A&A...429..235B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041280. S2CID   56424665.
  9. ↑ Tanaka, Masuo; Letip, Ahmatjan; Nishimaki, Yuichirou; Yamamuro, Tomoyasu; Motohara, Kentaro; Miyata, Takashi; Aoki, Wako (2007). "Near-Infrared Spectra of 29 Carbon Stars: Simple Estimates of Effective Temperature". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 59 (5): 939. Bibcode:2007PASJ...59..939T. doi: 10.1093/pasj/59.5.939 .
  10. ↑ Keenan, Philip C. (1993). "Revised MK spectral classification of the red carbon stars". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 105: 905. Bibcode:1993PASP..105..905K. doi: 10.1086/133252 .
  11. ↑ Keenan, P. C.; Morgan, W. W. (1941). "The Classification of the Red Carbon Stars". The Astrophysical Journal . 94: 501. Bibcode:1941ApJ....94..501K. doi:10.1086/144356.
  12. ↑ "Download Data". aavso.org. AAVSO. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  13. ↑ Pickering, E. C. (March 1891). "Stars having Peculiar Spectra. New Variable Stars in Aquarius, Delphinus and Camelopardalus". Astronomische Nachrichten. 127: 5–6. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  14. ↑ Cannon, Annie J. (1907). "Second catalogue of variable stars". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 55: 1–94. Bibcode:1907AnHar..55....1C . Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  15. 1 2 Knapp, G. R.; Pourbaix, D.; Platais, I.; Jorissen, A. (2003). "Reprocessing the Hipparcos data of evolved stars. III. Revised Hipparcos period-luminosity relationship for galactic long-period variable stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 403 (3): 993–1002. arXiv: astro-ph/0301579 . Bibcode:2003A&A...403..993K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030429. S2CID   5603380.
  16. ↑ Adelman, Saul J. (2001). "Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes". Baltic Astronomy. 10 (4): 589. Bibcode:2001BaltA..10..589A. doi: 10.1515/astro-2001-0403 . S2CID   116386247.
  17. ↑ "Red Giant Blows a Bubble". ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
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