Urceolina | |
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Urceolina urceolata | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
Tribe: | Eucharideae |
Genus: | Urceolina Rchb. |
Type species | |
Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Asch. & Graebn., syn. Urceolaria pendula Herb. , nom. illeg. [1] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
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Urceolina is a genus of South American plants in the amaryllis family native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Peru. [2] [3] It has also been introduced to many South and Central American states, as well as India and Sri Lanka. [2] The formerly accepted genera Eucharis and Caliphruria are now regarded as synonyms of this genus. [2] Many species of this genus share the common name Amazon lily. [4] [5]
In 1821, William Herbert published the genus name Urceolaria and transferred Crinum urceolatum to the genus as Urceolaria pendula. However, Herbert's name was illegitimate since the genus name had already been published in 1786 when it was attributed to Juan Ignacio Molina. (Molina's name was later rejected in favour of Sarmienta .) In 1828, Ludwig Reichenbach used the name Urceolina for the genus. This is now a conserved name with the type species being Urceolina urceolata based on Crinum urceolatum. [1]
Urceolina is placed in the tribe Eucharideae. Eucharis, whose flower has a conspicuous staminal cup (which is different from the corona of Narcissus), and Caliphruria, whose staminal cup is heavily reduced, were formerly regarded as separate genera within the tribe. A 2020 molecular phylogenetic study showed that these two genera (excluding C. korsakoffii) form a monophyletic clade with Urceolina sensu stricto, sister to Stenomesson : [6]
Eucharideae |
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The clade showed extensive ancestral reticulation. The authors of the study placed all the species belonging to the clade in an expanded Urceolina. [6]
Species of the former genera Eucharis and Caliphruria (except C. korsakoffii, now Stenomesson korsakoffii ) as well as Eucrosia dodsonii (now Urceolina dodsonii ) have been transferred to this genus. [6] Therefore, Urceolina includes the following species: [2] [6]
Many of the species of the genus are endangered. For example, Urceolina hartwegiana and U. subedentata are threatened by extinction, and U. tenera is listed as extinct. [8] [9]
Urceolina amazonica , U. × grandiflora, and U. subedentata are the best-known and most generally cultivated species. [10] It is propagated by removing the offsets, which may be done in spring, potting them singly in 15 cm pots. It requires good loamy soil, with enough sand to keep the compost open, and should have a good supply of water. A temperature of 18° to 20 °C during the night, and rising to 25 °C in the day. During summer growth is to be encouraged by repotting, but the plants should afterwards be slightly rested by removal to a night temperature of about 15 °C, water being withheld for a time, though they must not be left dry for too long, the plant being an evergreen. By the turn of the year they may again have more heat and more water, and this will probably induce them to flower. [10] With a stock of the smaller plants to start them in succession, it is possible to have plants in flower all the year round. [10]
Hymenocallis (US) or (UK) is a genus of flowering plants in the amaryllis family native to the Americas.
The Koninklijke Algemeene Vereniging voor Bloembollencultuur, translated from Dutch as the Royal General Association for Bulb Culture, but more commonly known world-wide by the acronym of KAVB, is a trade association for the bulb horticulture sector, and was established in 1860. The association has a rural organization, within which regional groups and departments are active.
Urceolina × grandiflora, formerly known as Eucharis × grandiflora, is a natural hybrid putatively between U. moorei and U. sanderi of the family Amaryllidaceae, native to western Colombia and western Ecuador.
Eucrosia is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family distributed from Ecuador to Peru. The name is derived from the Greek eu, beautiful, and krossos, a fringe, referring to the long stamens. As circumscribed in 2020, the genus contains six species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera most closely related to Eucrosia.
Urceolina dodsonii, formerly known as Eucrosia dodsonii, is a species of plant that is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Rhodophiala was a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family. It consisted of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially, in Chile. Most of the species are known colloquially as añañuca. It has now been submerged in Zephyranthes.
Urceolina amazonica, formerly known as Eucharis amazonica, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Peru. It is cultivated as an ornamental in many countries and naturalized in Venezuela, Mexico, the West Indies, Ascension Island, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Solomon Islands and the Society Islands. The English name Amazon lily is used for this species, but is also used for some other species of the genus Urceolina.
Alan W. Meerow is an American botanist, born in New York City in 1952. He specializes in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae and the horticulture of palms and tropical ornamental plants. He also works on the population genetics and molecular systematics of cycads and palms.
The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).
Stenomesson is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. All the species are native to western South America.
Clinanthus is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is found in western South America, including Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, north Chile and north west Argentina.
Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae, and the others are Allioideae and Agapanthoideae. The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.
Urceolina candida, formerly known as Eucharis candida, is a plant species native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru but cultivated as an ornamental in many other regions.
Eucharideae is a tribe of plants within the family Amaryllidaceae. It was augmented in 2000 by Meerow et al. following a molecular phylogenetic study that revealed that many elements of the tribe Stenomesseae segregated with it, rather than separately, and were subsequently submerged in it. Further revisions were made in 2020, when three genera were merged. It forms one of the tribes of the Andean subclade of the American clade of the subfamily.
Kewa is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of eight species of succulent sub-woody plants, native to eastern and southern Africa, including Saint Helena and Madagascar. These are small shrubs or herbs that form cushions and have edible, acid-tasting leaves. Kewa is the only genus in the family Kewaceae.
Morisonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Capparaceae, found across the Americas from the United States to Argentina. They are typically shrubs or small trees. The genus was recently enlarged with New World Capparis species due to existing taxonomic instability.
Stenomesson korsakoffii is a species of plant in the family Amaryllidaceae native to Peru. It was formerly known as Caliphruria korsakoffii and Urceolina korsakoffii, but a 2020 molecular phylogenetic study indicates that this species is sister to the other species of Stenomesson.