Urceolina

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Urceolina
Urceolina urceolata1CURTIS.jpg
Urceolina urceolata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Eucharideae
Genus: Urceolina
Rchb.
Type species
Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Asch. & Graebn., syn. Urceolaria pendula Herb. , nom. illeg. [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • × CalicharisMeerow
  • CaliphruriaHerb.
  • CollaniaSchult. & Schult.f.
  • EucharisPlanch. & Linden
  • LeperizaHerb.
  • MicrodontocharisBaill.
  • PseudourceolinaVargas
  • × UrceocharisMast.
  • UrceolariaHerb., nom. illeg.

Urceolina is a genus of South American plants in the amaryllis family native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Peru. [2] [3] It has also been introduced to many South and Central American states, as well as India and Sri Lanka. [2] The formerly accepted genera Eucharis and Caliphruria are now regarded as synonyms of this genus. [2] Many species of this genus share the common name Amazon lily. [4] [5]

Contents

Urceolina x grandiflora (Planch. & Linden) Traub bulb with scale bar (20 cm) Urceolina x grandiflora (Planch. & Linden) Traub.jpg
Urceolina × grandiflora (Planch. & Linden) Traub bulb with scale bar (20 cm)

Taxonomy

In 1821, William Herbert published the genus name Urceolaria and transferred Crinum urceolatum to the genus as Urceolaria pendula. However, Herbert's name was illegitimate since the genus name had already been published in 1786 when it was attributed to Juan Ignacio Molina. (Molina's name was later rejected in favour of Sarmienta .) In 1828, Ludwig Reichenbach used the name Urceolina for the genus. This is now a conserved name with the type species being Urceolina urceolata based on Crinum urceolatum. [1]

Phylogeny

Urceolina is placed in the tribe Eucharideae. Eucharis, whose flower has a conspicuous staminal cup (which is different from the corona of Narcissus), and Caliphruria, whose staminal cup is heavily reduced, were formerly regarded as separate genera within the tribe. A 2020 molecular phylogenetic study showed that these two genera (excluding C. korsakoffii) form a monophyletic clade with Urceolina sensu stricto, sister to Stenomesson : [6]

Eucharideae

Rauhia

Plagiolirion

Stenomesson

Urceolina, Eucharis, most of Caliphruria, and Eucrosia dodsonii

The clade showed extensive ancestral reticulation. The authors of the study placed all the species belonging to the clade in an expanded Urceolina. [6]

Species

Species of the former genera Eucharis and Caliphruria (except C. korsakoffii, now Stenomesson korsakoffii ) as well as Eucrosia dodsonii (now Urceolina dodsonii ) have been transferred to this genus. [6] Therefore, Urceolina includes the following species: [2] [6]

Hybrids

Conservation status

Many of the species of the genus are endangered. For example, Urceolina hartwegiana and U. subedentata are threatened by extinction, and U. tenera is listed as extinct. [8] [9]

Cultivation and uses

Urceolina amazonica , U. × grandiflora, and U. subedentata are the best-known and most generally cultivated species. [10] It is propagated by removing the offsets, which may be done in spring, potting them singly in 15 cm pots. It requires good loamy soil, with enough sand to keep the compost open, and should have a good supply of water. A temperature of 18° to 20 °C during the night, and rising to 25 °C in the day. During summer growth is to be encouraged by repotting, but the plants should afterwards be slightly rested by removal to a night temperature of about 15 °C, water being withheld for a time, though they must not be left dry for too long, the plant being an evergreen. By the turn of the year they may again have more heat and more water, and this will probably induce them to flower. [10] With a stock of the smaller plants to start them in succession, it is possible to have plants in flower all the year round. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hymenocallis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenocallis (US) or (UK) is a genus of flowering plants in the amaryllis family native to the Americas.

The Koninklijke Algemeene Vereniging voor Bloembollencultuur, translated from Dutch as the Royal General Association for Bulb Culture, but more commonly known world-wide by the acronym of KAVB, is a trade association for the bulb horticulture sector, and was established in 1860. The association has a rural organization, within which regional groups and departments are active.

<i>Urceolina <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> grandiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Urceolina × grandiflora, formerly known as Eucharis × grandiflora, is a natural hybrid putatively between U. moorei and U. sanderi of the family Amaryllidaceae, native to western Colombia and western Ecuador.

<i>Eucrosia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Eucrosia is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family distributed from Ecuador to Peru. The name is derived from the Greek eu, beautiful, and krossos, a fringe, referring to the long stamens. As circumscribed in 2020, the genus contains six species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera most closely related to Eucrosia.

Urceolina dodsonii, formerly known as Eucrosia dodsonii, is a species of plant that is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Rhodophiala</i> Former genus of flowering plants

Rhodophiala was a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family. It consisted of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially, in Chile. Most of the species are known colloquially as añañuca. It has now been submerged in Zephyranthes.

<i>Urceolina amazonica</i> Species of plant

Urceolina amazonica, formerly known as Eucharis amazonica, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Peru. It is cultivated as an ornamental in many countries and naturalized in Venezuela, Mexico, the West Indies, Ascension Island, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Solomon Islands and the Society Islands. The English name Amazon lily is used for this species, but is also used for some other species of the genus Urceolina.

Alan W. Meerow is an American botanist, born in New York City in 1952. He specializes in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae and the horticulture of palms and tropical ornamental plants. He also works on the population genetics and molecular systematics of cycads and palms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).

<i>Stenomesson</i> Genus of plants

Stenomesson is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. All the species are native to western South America.

<i>Clinanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Clinanthus is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is found in western South America, including Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, north Chile and north west Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae, and the others are Allioideae and Agapanthoideae. The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.

<i>Urceolina candida</i> Species of plant

Urceolina candida, formerly known as Eucharis candida, is a plant species native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru but cultivated as an ornamental in many other regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucharideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eucharideae is a tribe of plants within the family Amaryllidaceae. It was augmented in 2000 by Meerow et al. following a molecular phylogenetic study that revealed that many elements of the tribe Stenomesseae segregated with it, rather than separately, and were subsequently submerged in it. Further revisions were made in 2020, when three genera were merged. It forms one of the tribes of the Andean subclade of the American clade of the subfamily.

<i>Kewa</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Kewa is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of eight species of succulent sub-woody plants, native to eastern and southern Africa, including Saint Helena and Madagascar. These are small shrubs or herbs that form cushions and have edible, acid-tasting leaves. Kewa is the only genus in the family Kewaceae.

Morisonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Capparaceae, found across the Americas from the United States to Argentina. They are typically shrubs or small trees. The genus was recently enlarged with New World Capparis species due to existing taxonomic instability.

Stenomesson korsakoffii is a species of plant in the family Amaryllidaceae native to Peru. It was formerly known as Caliphruria korsakoffii and Urceolina korsakoffii, but a 2020 molecular phylogenetic study indicates that this species is sister to the other species of Stenomesson.

References

  1. 1 2 "Search for scientific name 'Urceolaria'". International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants: Appendices I–VII. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Urceolina Rchb". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  3. Braco, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru: 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  4. "Caliphruria tenera (Amazon lily)". Plants & Fungi at Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
  5. "Eucharis amazonica|Amazon lily". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Meerow, Alan W.; Gardner, Elliot M.; Nakamura, Kyoko (2020). "Phylogenomics of the Andean tetraploid clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (Subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a polyploid generic radiation abetted by continental geodynamics". Frontiers in Plant Science. 11: 582422. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582422 . ISSN   1664-462X. PMC   7674842 . PMID   33250911.
  7. Brown, Nicholas Edward (1890-05-24). "New or Noteworthy Plants". The Gardeners' Chronicle. Series 3. 7 (178): 640–641.
  8. Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. [eds] (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants
  9. "Conservation Status of species from Colombia". Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  10. 1 2 3 Wikisource-logo.svg One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Eucharis". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 868.