Urceolina amazonica | |
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The first illustration of Urceolina amazonica, from Curtis's Botanical Magazine of 1857, misidentified as Eucharis × grandiflora by William Jackson Hooker | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
Genus: | Urceolina |
Species: | U. amazonica |
Binomial name | |
Urceolina amazonica | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Urceolina amazonica, formerly known as Eucharis amazonica, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Peru. [1] It is cultivated as an ornamental in many countries and naturalized in Venezuela, Mexico, the West Indies, Ascension Island, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Solomon Islands and the Society Islands. [1] The English name Amazon lily is used for this species, [2] but is also used for some other species of the genus Urceolina . [3]
An evergreen bulbous perennial, Urceolina amazonica grows to 75 cm (30 in) tall by 50 cm (20 in) broad, with long narrow dark leaves and umbels of fragrant white flowers with six tepals. The stamens are fused at their bases forming a staminal cup in the center of the perianth. The free parts of filaments are subulate and flat. It is a sterile aneutriploid (2n=3x−1=68). [2] [3]
The species was introduced to Europe in the summer of 1855 by Marius Porte who discovered it on the banks of the Amazon River near Moyobamba, Peru. [4] Jean Jules Linden named it Eucharis amazonica in his greenhouse catalogue of 1856. [5] The Veitch Nurseries followed Linden and labelled their plants of this species as E. amazonica, but William Jackson Hooker mistook this nomen nudum as an unpublished invention and misidentified the Veitch's plants as E. grandiflora (namely Urceolina × grandiflora) in 1857. [6] Later in the same year, Jules Émile Planchon formally described E. amazonica as a new species and ascribed the name to Linden, but he thought E. amazonica and E. grandiflora might be conspecific and agreed with Hooker's identification. [7]
Hooker's misidentification and Planchon's ambiguous opinion led the subsequent botanists to treat E. amazonica as a synonym of E. grandiflorum. [8] Although Alan Meerow and Bijan Dehgan in 1984 corrected this mistake, [8] the long-time confusion between the two species has persisted and U. amazonica is still frequently misidentified as U. × grandiflora. They differ in leaf length, free filament shape, staminal cup length: [3]
In 2018, it was transferred from Eucharis to Urceolina. [9] This placement was confirmed in a 2020 molecular phylogenetic study in which it is shown that Eucharis and Urceolina are part of a single clade with extensive ancestral reticulation. [10]
As it is not hardy, it requires a sheltered spot with a protective winter mulch in colder areas. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [2] [11]
Clivia is a genus of monocot flowering plants native to southern Africa. They are from the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Common names are Natal lily or bush lily.
Urceolina × grandiflora, formerly known as Eucharis × grandiflora, is a natural hybrid putatively between U. moorei and U. sanderi of the family Amaryllidaceae, native to western Colombia and western Ecuador.
Zephyranthes carinata, commonly known as the rosepink zephyr lily or pink rain lily, is a perennial flowering plant native to Mexico, Colombia and Central America. It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in the West Indies, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, the southeastern United States from Texas to Florida, Zimbabwe, South Africa, China, Korea, the Ryukyu Islands, Assam, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Solomon Islands, Queensland, Society Islands, Kiribati, and Caroline Islands.
Zephyranthes robusta, synonym Habranthus robustus, commonly known as the Brazilian copperlily, pink fairy lily or the pink rain lily, is a species of herbaceous flowering bulb. It is native to Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, but is now naturalized in Florida, Colombia, South Africa, and Mauritius.
Eucrosia is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family distributed from Ecuador to Peru. The name is derived from the Greek eu, beautiful, and krossos, a fringe, referring to the long stamens. As circumscribed in 2020, the genus contains six species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera most closely related to Eucrosia.
Urceolina dodsonii, formerly known as Eucrosia dodsonii, is a species of plant that is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus is a herbaceous plant endemic to the Rwenzori Mountains of east tropical Africa. Unusually for the genus Scadoxus its tubular blooms are pendant. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant in heated greenhouses.
Barbieria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae.
Eucrosia eucrosioides is a species of plant that is found in south west Ecuador and north Peru. Its natural habitats are seasonally dry lowland areas.
Eucrosia mirabilis is a species of plant from Ecuador. In the original scientific description in 1869, it was believed to be from Peru, but there is little evidence it ever grew there. The plant disappeared from cultivation until it was found in Ecuador in 1997. Its natural habitats are seasonally dry lowland areas to elevations of 1500 m.
Alan W. Meerow is an American botanist, born in New York City in 1952. He specializes in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae and the horticulture of palms and tropical ornamental plants. He also works on the population genetics and molecular systematics of cycads and palms.
Eriocapitella rivularis, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet rivularis means "waterside, of the rivers", which evidently refers to one of its preferred habitats. It is commonly called the riverside windflower. In Chinese, it is called cao yu mei, which means "grass jade plum".
Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae, and the others are Allioideae and Agapanthoideae. The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.
Hymenocallis clivorum is a member of the genus Hymenocallis, of the plant family Amaryllidaceae. It is native to the southern part of the Mexican state of Sonora.
Urceolina is a genus of South American plants in the amaryllis family native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Peru. It has also been introduced to many South and Central American states, as well as India and Sri Lanka. The formerly accepted genera Eucharis and Caliphruria are now regarded as synonyms of this genus. Many species of this genus share the common name Amazon lily.
Hannonia is a genus of plants in the Amaryllis family. It contains only one known species, Hannonia hesperidum, endemic to Morocco and confined to Western Morocco, Promontory of Hercules. The specific name comes from Greek έσπερος, of evening, as the flowers open in the late afternoon.
Urceolina candida, formerly known as Eucharis candida, is a plant species native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru but cultivated as an ornamental in many other regions.
Clinanthus elwesii is a species of plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is native to Peru. John Gilbert Baker, the English botanist who first formally described the species using the synonymous name Callithauma viridiflorum var. elwesii, named it in after Henry John Elwes, another English botanist who grew the specimen Baker examined.
Jatropha moranii is a very rare subshrub in the genus Jatropha known commonly as Moran's lomboy. This species in the family Euphorbiaceae is endemic to a small area of Cabo San Lucas in Baja California Sur. It is characterized by a succulent stem and branches, along with a distinct woody caudex, and attractive white flowers.
Pamianthe peruviana, also known as the giant Peruvian daffodil, is a species of epiphytic plant native to seasonally dry areas of Peru and Bolivia.
Eucharis amazonica Lindl. wurde im sommer 1855 von Herrn Porte eingeführt, der sie an den Ufern des Amazonenstromes bei Moyabamba (Peru) entdeckte.